GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2025-8591 (GCVE-0-2025-8591)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 10:16 – Updated: 2026-07-06 11:05
VLAI
Title
Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via URL Parameter in Multiple WSO2 Products Enables UI Modification
Summary
The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate output encoding before reflecting it back to the user's browser. This condition allows an attacker to inject malicious script content into pages served by the application. By leveraging this weakness, an attacker can cause the user's browser to redirect to a malicious website, modify the UI of the webpage, or retrieve information from the browser. However, the impact is mitigated by the use of httpOnly flags on session-related cookies, preventing session hijacking.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 11:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server Unknown: 0 , < 5.10.0 (custom)
Affected: 5.10.0 , < 5.10.0.381 (custom)
Affected: 5.10.0 , < 5.10.0.384 (custom)
Affected: 6.0.0 , < 6.0.0.255 (custom)
Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.0.131 (custom)
Affected: 7.1.0 , < 7.1.0.21 (custom)
Affected: 7.1.0 , < 7.1.0.51 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
WSO2 WSO2 API Manager Unknown: 0 , < 3.1.0 (custom)
Affected: 3.1.0 , < 3.1.0.355 (custom)
Affected: 3.2.0 , < 3.2.0.459 (custom)
Affected: 3.2.1 , < 3.2.1.78 (custom)
Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.0.0.380 (custom)
Affected: 4.1.0 , < 4.1.0.243 (custom)
Affected: 4.2.0 , < 4.2.0.183 (custom)
Affected: 4.3.0 , < 4.3.0.94 (custom)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.0.58 (custom)
Affected: 4.5.0 , < 4.5.0.43 (custom)
Affected: 4.6.0 , < 4.6.0.7 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
WSO2 WSO2 API Control Plane Affected: 4.5.0 , < 4.5.0.44 (custom)
Affected: 4.6.0 , < 4.6.0.8 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_control_plane:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_control_plane:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
WSO2 WSO2 Traffic Manager Affected: 4.5.0 , < 4.5.0.42 (custom)
Affected: 4.6.0 , < 4.6.0.7 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
WSO2 WSO2 Universal Gateway Affected: 4.5.0 , < 4.5.0.42 (custom)
Affected: 4.6.0 , < 4.6.0.7 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_universal_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_universal_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking AM Unknown: 0 , < 2.0.0 (custom)
Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.0.0.404 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_open_banking_am:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager Unknown: 0 , < 5.10.0 (custom)
Affected: 5.10.0 , < 5.10.0.375 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server_as_key_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking IAM Unknown: 0 , < 2.0.0 (custom)
Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.0.0.424 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_open_banking_iam:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-8591",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-06T11:04:42.314721Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T11:05:59.157Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "WSO2 Identity Server",
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "5.10.0",
              "status": "unknown",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.10.0.381",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.10.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.10.0.384",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.10.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.0.0.255",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7.0.0.131",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7.1.0.21",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.1.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7.1.0.51",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.1.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "WSO2 API Manager",
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "3.1.0",
              "status": "unknown",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3.1.0.355",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.1.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3.2.0.459",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.2.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3.2.1.78",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.2.1",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.0.0.380",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.0.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.1.0.243",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.1.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.2.0.183",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.2.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.3.0.94",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.3.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.4.0.58",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.4.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.5.0.43",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.5.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.6.0.7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.6.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "WSO2 API Control Plane",
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.5.0.44",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.5.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.6.0.8",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.6.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "WSO2 Traffic Manager",
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.5.0.42",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.5.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.6.0.7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.6.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "WSO2 Universal Gateway",
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.5.0.42",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.5.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.6.0.7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.6.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "WSO2 Open Banking AM",
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.0.0",
              "status": "unknown",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.0.0.404",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.0.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager",
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "5.10.0",
              "status": "unknown",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.10.0.375",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.10.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "WSO2 Open Banking IAM",
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.0.0",
              "status": "unknown",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.0.0.424",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.0.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.0.381",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.0.384",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.0.0.255",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.0.131",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "7.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.0.21",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "7.1.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.0.51",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "7.1.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            },
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "3.1.0.355",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.1.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "3.2.0.459",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.2.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "3.2.1.78",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.2.1",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.0.0.380",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.1.0.243",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.1.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.2.0.183",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.2.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.3.0.94",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.3.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.4.0.58",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.4.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.43",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.7",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            },
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_control_plane:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.44",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_control_plane:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.8",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            },
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.42",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.7",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            },
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_universal_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.42",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_universal_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.7",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            },
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_open_banking_am:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "2.0.0.404",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            },
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server_as_key_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.0.375",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            },
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_open_banking_iam:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "2.0.0.424",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate output encoding before reflecting it back to the user\u0027s browser. This condition allows an attacker to inject malicious script content into pages served by the application.\n\nBy leveraging this weakness, an attacker can cause the user\u0027s browser to redirect to a malicious website, modify the UI of the webpage, or retrieve information from the browser. However, the impact is mitigated by the use of httpOnly flags on session-related cookies, preventing session hijacking."
            }
          ],
          "value": "The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate output encoding before reflecting it back to the user\u0027s browser. This condition allows an attacker to inject malicious script content into pages served by the application.\n\nBy leveraging this weakness, an attacker can cause the user\u0027s browser to redirect to a malicious website, modify the UI of the webpage, or retrieve information from the browser. However, the impact is mitigated by the use of httpOnly flags on session-related cookies, preventing session hijacking."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-242",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-242 CAPEC-242: Cross-Site Scripting"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.1,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-79",
              "description": "CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T10:16:53.685Z",
        "orgId": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
        "shortName": "WSO2"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: transparent;\"\u003eFollow the instructions given on \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/#solution\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: transparent;\"\u003ehttps://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/#solution\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Follow the instructions given on https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/#solution"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "WSO2-2025-4343",
        "discovery": "INTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via URL Parameter in Multiple WSO2 Products Enables UI Modification",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
    "assignerShortName": "WSO2",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-8591",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-06T10:16:53.685Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-08-05T11:53:15.931Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T11:05:59.157Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-8591",
      "date": "2026-09-18",
      "epss": "0.00253",
      "percentile": "0.17125"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "WSO2 Identity Server",
                "vendor": "WSO2",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "5.10.0",
                    "status": "unknown",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "5.10.0.381",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "5.10.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "5.10.0.384",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "5.10.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "6.0.0.255",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "6.0.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "7.0.0.131",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "7.0.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "7.1.0.21",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "7.1.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "7.1.0.51",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "7.1.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "WSO2 API Manager",
                "vendor": "WSO2",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "3.1.0",
                    "status": "unknown",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "3.1.0.355",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "3.1.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "3.2.0.459",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "3.2.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "3.2.1.78",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "3.2.1",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.0.0.380",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.0.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.1.0.243",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.1.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.2.0.183",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.2.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.3.0.94",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.3.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.4.0.58",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.4.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.5.0.43",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.5.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.6.0.7",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.6.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "WSO2 API Control Plane",
                "vendor": "WSO2",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.5.0.44",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.5.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.6.0.8",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.6.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "WSO2 Traffic Manager",
                "vendor": "WSO2",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.5.0.42",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.5.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.6.0.7",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.6.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "WSO2 Universal Gateway",
                "vendor": "WSO2",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.5.0.42",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.5.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "4.6.0.7",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "4.6.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "WSO2 Open Banking AM",
                "vendor": "WSO2",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "2.0.0",
                    "status": "unknown",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "2.0.0.404",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "2.0.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager",
                "vendor": "WSO2",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "5.10.0",
                    "status": "unknown",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "5.10.0.375",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "5.10.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "WSO2 Open Banking IAM",
                "vendor": "WSO2",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "2.0.0",
                    "status": "unknown",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "2.0.0.424",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "2.0.0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_control_plane:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "3EEB2B5C-1661-45F4-9909-EAA1086B2038",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.44",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_control_plane:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "782317B4-CADB-48F1-9ED6-3423161C3AF7",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.8",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "B525D489-F3E2-401A-B52A-13C4ABE27E3B",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "3.1.0.355",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "3.1.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "3B47BAE2-5527-4E09-8968-E6A7F05393CE",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "3.2.0.459",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "3.2.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "5DE13ADA-7B14-4E1A-A662-C977E52B9B69",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "3.2.1.78",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "3.2.1",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "5F90E6ED-EE4F-43FF-B0C3-BFD397D36D6B",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.0.0.380",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.0.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "8C211F6A-1C4C-4748-A711-D7E607697DA7",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.1.0.243",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.1.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "C8834ABC-9249-4969-BB84-F9ED80C8762C",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.2.0.183",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.2.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "5CE615B5-9DDA-4DEA-A1BE-A660A30EF9F3",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.3.0.94",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.3.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "C45F22B9-AE3D-4F64-8458-1E80D95CF974",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.4.0.58",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.4.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "B6FA0582-8C11-413F-B5C3-C740C76C0F22",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.43",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "07D205A7-8BDF-47AA-B9C3-A5C0C018E654",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.7",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "92B2A962-462E-433E-A918-4A3949190754",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.0.384",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "9BA7443A-4D9D-4A72-8361-71CD14BFFC1F",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.0.0.255",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.0.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "110F5D8D-32E8-4E7B-8925-D04781FC8B2D",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.0.131",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "7.0.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "290B6F9F-C620-4C42-A095-58E2A6057C35",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.0.51",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "7.1.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "FBBDC7FF-75BF-44E2-A12E-1A39577421EA",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.0.375",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_am:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "2CA09F50-25B4-40C7-BBD2-2456EF96898E",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "2.0.0.404",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "2.0.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_iam:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "4CC0BAF2-3A88-4EB1-9652-9DBFE8EF0674",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "2.0.0.424",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "2.0.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "0337DA4D-6D6D-489A-BD02-DCF3CB3EDDE0",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.42",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "90699855-9764-46ED-97C1-7720E22DEBE4",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.7",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:universal_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "DD5C8591-B117-4775-A083-D0C65120303A",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.42",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:universal_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "7FF82291-D261-4D97-915C-02B0CC65870F",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.7",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate output encoding before reflecting it back to the user\u0027s browser. This condition allows an attacker to inject malicious script content into pages served by the application.\n\nBy leveraging this weakness, an attacker can cause the user\u0027s browser to redirect to a malicious website, modify the UI of the webpage, or retrieve information from the browser. However, the impact is mitigated by the use of httpOnly flags on session-related cookies, preventing session hijacking."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-8591",
        "lastModified": "2026-07-09T13:04:39.937",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 6.1,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
                "integrityImpact": "LOW",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "CHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
              "impactScore": 2.7,
              "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-8591",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-07-06T11:04:42.314721Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-07-06T11:16:25.713",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
            "tags": [
              "Vendor Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-79"
              }
            ],
            "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-8591",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-07-06T11:04:42.314721Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T11:05:54.876Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "WSO2 Identity Server",
              "vendor": "WSO2",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "5.10.0",
                  "status": "unknown",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "5.10.0.381",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "5.10.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "5.10.0.384",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "5.10.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "6.0.0.255",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "6.0.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "7.0.0.131",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "7.0.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "7.1.0.21",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "7.1.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "7.1.0.51",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "7.1.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "WSO2 API Manager",
              "vendor": "WSO2",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "3.1.0",
                  "status": "unknown",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "3.1.0.355",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "3.1.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "3.2.0.459",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "3.2.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "3.2.1.78",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "3.2.1",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.0.0.380",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.0.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.1.0.243",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.1.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.2.0.183",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.2.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.3.0.94",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.3.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.4.0.58",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.4.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.5.0.43",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.5.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.6.0.7",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.6.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "WSO2 API Control Plane",
              "vendor": "WSO2",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.5.0.44",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.5.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.6.0.8",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.6.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "WSO2 Traffic Manager",
              "vendor": "WSO2",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.5.0.42",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.5.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.6.0.7",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.6.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "WSO2 Universal Gateway",
              "vendor": "WSO2",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.5.0.42",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.5.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "4.6.0.7",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "4.6.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "WSO2 Open Banking AM",
              "vendor": "WSO2",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "2.0.0",
                  "status": "unknown",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "2.0.0.404",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "2.0.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager",
              "vendor": "WSO2",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "5.10.0",
                  "status": "unknown",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "5.10.0.375",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "5.10.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "WSO2 Open Banking IAM",
              "vendor": "WSO2",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "2.0.0",
                  "status": "unknown",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "2.0.0.424",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "2.0.0",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.0.381",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.0.384",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.0.0.255",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "6.0.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.0.131",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "7.0.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.0.21",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "7.1.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.0.51",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "7.1.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                },
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "3.1.0.355",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "3.1.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "3.2.0.459",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "3.2.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "3.2.1.78",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "3.2.1",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.0.0.380",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.0.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.1.0.243",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.1.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.2.0.183",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.2.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.3.0.94",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.3.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.4.0.58",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.4.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.43",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.7",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                },
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_control_plane:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.44",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_api_control_plane:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.8",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                },
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.42",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_traffic_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.7",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                },
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_universal_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.0.42",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_universal_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.6.0.7",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "4.6.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                },
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_open_banking_am:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "2.0.0.404",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.0.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                },
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server_as_key_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.0.375",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                },
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_open_banking_iam:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "2.0.0.424",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.0.0",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ],
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate output encoding before reflecting it back to the user\u0027s browser. This condition allows an attacker to inject malicious script content into pages served by the application.\n\nBy leveraging this weakness, an attacker can cause the user\u0027s browser to redirect to a malicious website, modify the UI of the webpage, or retrieve information from the browser. However, the impact is mitigated by the use of httpOnly flags on session-related cookies, preventing session hijacking."
                }
              ],
              "value": "The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate output encoding before reflecting it back to the user\u0027s browser. This condition allows an attacker to inject malicious script content into pages served by the application.\n\nBy leveraging this weakness, an attacker can cause the user\u0027s browser to redirect to a malicious website, modify the UI of the webpage, or retrieve information from the browser. However, the impact is mitigated by the use of httpOnly flags on session-related cookies, preventing session hijacking."
            }
          ],
          "impacts": [
            {
              "capecId": "CAPEC-242",
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "CAPEC-242 CAPEC-242: Cross-Site Scripting"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 6.1,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
                "integrityImpact": "LOW",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "CHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-79",
                  "description": "CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T10:16:53.685Z",
            "orgId": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
            "shortName": "WSO2"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "tags": [
                "vendor-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/"
            }
          ],
          "solutions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: transparent;\"\u003eFollow the instructions given on \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/#solution\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: transparent;\"\u003ehttps://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/#solution\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003cbr\u003e"
                }
              ],
              "value": "Follow the instructions given on https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/#solution"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "WSO2-2025-4343",
            "discovery": "INTERNAL"
          },
          "title": "Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via URL Parameter in Multiple WSO2 Products Enables UI Modification",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
        "assignerShortName": "WSO2",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-8591",
        "datePublished": "2026-07-06T10:16:53.685Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-08-05T11:53:15.931Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T11:05:59.157Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.