CVE-2026-42501 (GCVE-0-2026-42501)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-07 19:41 – Updated: 2026-05-08 15:48
VLAI
Title
Malicious module proxy can bypass checksum database in cmd/go
Summary
A malicious module proxy can exploit a flaw in the go command's validation of module checksums to bypass checksum database validation. This vulnerability affects any user using an untrusted module proxy (GOMODPROXY) or checksum database (GOSUMDB). A malicious module proxy can serve altered versions of the Go toolchain. When selecting a different version of the Go toolchain than the currently installed toolchain (due to the GOTOOLCHAIN environment variable, or a go.work or go.mod with a toolchain line), the go command will download and execute a toolchain provided by the module proxy. A malicious module proxy can bypass checksum database validation for this downloaded toolchain. Since this vulnerability affects the security of toolchain downloads, setting GOTOOLCHAIN to a fixed version is not sufficient. You must upgrade your base Go toolchain. The go tool always validates the hash of a toolchain before executing it, so fixed versions will refuse to execute any cached, altered versions of the toolchain. The go tool trusts go.sum files to contain accurate hashes of the current module's dependencies. A malicious proxy exploiting this vulnerability to serve an altered module will have caused an incorrect hash to be recorded in the go.sum. Users who have configured a non-trusted GOPROXY can determine if they have been affected by running "rm go.sum ; go mod tidy ; go mod verify", which will revalidate all dependencies of the current module. The specific flaw in more detail: The go command consults the checksum database to validate downloaded modules, when a module is not listed in the go.sum file. It verifies that the module hash reported by the checksum database matches the hash of the downloaded module. If, however, the checksum database returns a successful response that contains no entry for the module, the go command incorrectly permitted validation to succeed. A module proxy may mirror or proxy the checksum database, in which case the go command will not connect to the checksum database directly. Checksums reported by the checksum database are cryptographically signed, so a malicious proxy cannot alter the reported checksum for a module. However, a proxy which returns an empty checksum response, or a checksum response for an unrelated module, could cause the go command to proceed as if a downloaded module has been validated.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Assigner
Go
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Go toolchain cmd/go Affected: 0 , < 1.25.10 (semver)
Affected: 1.26.0-0 , < 1.26.3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Mundur (https://github.com/M0nd0R)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 7.5,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-42501",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-08T15:48:05.053316Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-347",
                "description": "CWE-347 Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T15:48:47.404Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://pkg.go.dev",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "cmd/go",
          "product": "cmd/go",
          "vendor": "Go toolchain",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.25.10",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "1.26.3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.26.0-0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Mundur (https://github.com/M0nd0R)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A malicious module proxy can exploit a flaw in the go command\u0027s validation of module checksums to bypass checksum database validation. This vulnerability affects any user using an untrusted module proxy (GOMODPROXY) or checksum database (GOSUMDB). A malicious module proxy can serve altered versions of the Go toolchain. When selecting a different version of the Go toolchain than the currently installed toolchain (due to the GOTOOLCHAIN environment variable, or a go.work or go.mod with a toolchain line), the go command will download and execute a toolchain provided by the module proxy. A malicious module proxy can bypass checksum database validation for this downloaded toolchain. Since this vulnerability affects the security of toolchain downloads, setting GOTOOLCHAIN to a fixed version is not sufficient. You must upgrade your base Go toolchain. The go tool always validates the hash of a toolchain before executing it, so fixed versions will refuse to execute any cached, altered versions of the toolchain. The go tool trusts go.sum files to contain accurate hashes of the current module\u0027s dependencies. A malicious proxy exploiting this vulnerability to serve an altered module will have caused an incorrect hash to be recorded in the go.sum. Users who have configured a non-trusted GOPROXY can determine if they have been affected by running \"rm go.sum ; go mod tidy ; go mod verify\", which will revalidate all dependencies of the current module. The specific flaw in more detail: The go command consults the checksum database to validate downloaded modules, when a module is not listed in the go.sum file. It verifies that the module hash reported by the checksum database matches the hash of the downloaded module. If, however, the checksum database returns a successful response that contains no entry for the module, the go command incorrectly permitted validation to succeed. A module proxy may mirror or proxy the checksum database, in which case the go command will not connect to the checksum database directly. Checksums reported by the checksum database are cryptographically signed, so a malicious proxy cannot alter the reported checksum for a module. However, a proxy which returns an empty checksum response, or a checksum response for an unrelated module, could cause the go command to proceed as if a downloaded module has been validated."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
              "lang": "en"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-07T19:41:19.691Z",
        "orgId": "1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc",
        "shortName": "Go"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://go.dev/cl/775321"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://go.dev/issue/79070"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qcCIEXso47M"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4984"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Malicious module proxy can bypass checksum database in cmd/go"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc",
    "assignerShortName": "Go",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-42501",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-07T19:41:19.691Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-28T00:21:12.791Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-08T15:48:47.404Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-42501",
      "date": "2026-07-20",
      "epss": "0.00231",
      "percentile": "0.13953"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-09T01:42:54.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-42501",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2026-42501",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-05-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "2",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "5",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "Malicious module proxy can bypass checksum database in cmd/go",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-42501.json",
      "version": "6"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-42501\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security@golang.org\",\"published\":\"2026-05-07T20:16:44.643\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T10:47:56.450\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"A malicious module proxy can exploit a flaw in the go command\u0027s validation of module checksums to bypass checksum database validation. This vulnerability affects any user using an untrusted module proxy (GOMODPROXY) or checksum database (GOSUMDB). A malicious module proxy can serve altered versions of the Go toolchain. When selecting a different version of the Go toolchain than the currently installed toolchain (due to the GOTOOLCHAIN environment variable, or a go.work or go.mod with a toolchain line), the go command will download and execute a toolchain provided by the module proxy. A malicious module proxy can bypass checksum database validation for this downloaded toolchain. Since this vulnerability affects the security of toolchain downloads, setting GOTOOLCHAIN to a fixed version is not sufficient. You must upgrade your base Go toolchain. The go tool always validates the hash of a toolchain before executing it, so fixed versions will refuse to execute any cached, altered versions of the toolchain. The go tool trusts go.sum files to contain accurate hashes of the current module\u0027s dependencies. A malicious proxy exploiting this vulnerability to serve an altered module will have caused an incorrect hash to be recorded in the go.sum. Users who have configured a non-trusted GOPROXY can determine if they have been affected by running \\\"rm go.sum ; go mod tidy ; go mod verify\\\", which will revalidate all dependencies of the current module. The specific flaw in more detail: The go command consults the checksum database to validate downloaded modules, when a module is not listed in the go.sum file. It verifies that the module hash reported by the checksum database matches the hash of the downloaded module. If, however, the checksum database returns a successful response that contains no entry for the module, the go command incorrectly permitted validation to succeed. A module proxy may mirror or proxy the checksum database, in which case the go command will not connect to the checksum database directly. Checksums reported by the checksum database are cryptographically signed, so a malicious proxy cannot alter the reported checksum for a module. However, a proxy which returns an empty checksum response, or a checksum response for an unrelated module, could cause the go command to proceed as if a downloaded module has been validated.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"security@golang.org\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Go toolchain\",\"product\":\"cmd/go\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"collectionURL\":\"https://pkg.go.dev\",\"packageName\":\"cmd/go\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"1.25.10\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1.26.0-0\",\"lessThan\":\"1.26.3\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"REQUIRED\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.6,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-05-08T15:48:05.053316Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2026-42501\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"total\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-347\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"1.25.10\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"1C966EF3-C51C-4239-B5FC-C44A5202FEC8\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"1.26.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"1.26.3\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"522E4CD0-2B99-4363-9C78-0BAFD988A2D6\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://go.dev/cl/775321\",\"source\":\"security@golang.org\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://go.dev/issue/79070\",\"source\":\"security@golang.org\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\"]},{\"url\":\"https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qcCIEXso47M\",\"source\":\"security@golang.org\",\"tags\":[\"Release Notes\"]},{\"url\":\"https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4984\",\"source\":\"security@golang.org\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-05T19:46:30+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-42501",
      "id": "CVE-2026-42501",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "Malicious module proxy can bypass checksum database in cmd/go",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-42501.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-15T05:14:29Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-42501",
      "id": "CVE-2026-42501",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-05-09T02:42:49Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "6",
      "product_status:known_affected": "67",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "51",
      "product_status:recommended": "262",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-42501",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-42501.json",
      "version": "6"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.5, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"REQUIRED\", \"attackComplexity\": \"HIGH\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2026-42501\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-05-08T15:48:05.053316Z\"}}}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-347\", \"description\": \"CWE-347 Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-08T15:43:56.888Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Malicious module proxy can bypass checksum database in cmd/go\", \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Mundur (https://github.com/M0nd0R)\"}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Go toolchain\", \"product\": \"cmd/go\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"1.25.10\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"1.26.0-0\", \"lessThan\": \"1.26.3\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"packageName\": \"cmd/go\", \"collectionURL\": \"https://pkg.go.dev\", \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://go.dev/cl/775321\"}, {\"url\": \"https://go.dev/issue/79070\"}, {\"url\": \"https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qcCIEXso47M\"}, {\"url\": \"https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4984\"}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"A malicious module proxy can exploit a flaw in the go command\u0027s validation of module checksums to bypass checksum database validation. This vulnerability affects any user using an untrusted module proxy (GOMODPROXY) or checksum database (GOSUMDB). A malicious module proxy can serve altered versions of the Go toolchain. When selecting a different version of the Go toolchain than the currently installed toolchain (due to the GOTOOLCHAIN environment variable, or a go.work or go.mod with a toolchain line), the go command will download and execute a toolchain provided by the module proxy. A malicious module proxy can bypass checksum database validation for this downloaded toolchain. Since this vulnerability affects the security of toolchain downloads, setting GOTOOLCHAIN to a fixed version is not sufficient. You must upgrade your base Go toolchain. The go tool always validates the hash of a toolchain before executing it, so fixed versions will refuse to execute any cached, altered versions of the toolchain. The go tool trusts go.sum files to contain accurate hashes of the current module\u0027s dependencies. A malicious proxy exploiting this vulnerability to serve an altered module will have caused an incorrect hash to be recorded in the go.sum. Users who have configured a non-trusted GOPROXY can determine if they have been affected by running \\\"rm go.sum ; go mod tidy ; go mod verify\\\", which will revalidate all dependencies of the current module. The specific flaw in more detail: The go command consults the checksum database to validate downloaded modules, when a module is not listed in the go.sum file. It verifies that the module hash reported by the checksum database matches the hash of the downloaded module. If, however, the checksum database returns a successful response that contains no entry for the module, the go command incorrectly permitted validation to succeed. A module proxy may mirror or proxy the checksum database, in which case the go command will not connect to the checksum database directly. Checksums reported by the checksum database are cryptographically signed, so a malicious proxy cannot alter the reported checksum for a module. However, a proxy which returns an empty checksum response, or a checksum response for an unrelated module, could cause the go command to proceed as if a downloaded module has been validated.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"description\": \"CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc\", \"shortName\": \"Go\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-07T19:41:19.691Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-42501\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-08T15:48:47.404Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-04-28T00:21:12.791Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-05-07T19:41:19.691Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Go\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.