GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2026-45149 (GCVE-0-2026-45149)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 19:55 – Updated: 2026-06-01 16:44
VLAI
Title
brace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection
Summary
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. From 5.0.0 to before 5.0.6, the max option was being applied too late. When expanding a single large numeric range like {1..10000000}, the sequence generation loop generates all 10 million intermediate elements before the max limit is applied With max=10, the output is correctly limited to 10 items, but the process still allocates ~505 MB and spends ~800ms building the full intermediate array. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.6.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-01 16:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
juliangruber brace-expansion Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.6
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-45149",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-01T16:42:12.730782Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T16:44:23.371Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "brace-expansion",
          "vendor": "juliangruber",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 5.0.0, \u003c 5.0.6"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. From 5.0.0 to before 5.0.6, the max option was being applied too late. When expanding a single large numeric range like {1..10000000}, the sequence generation loop generates all 10 million intermediate elements before the max limit is applied With max=10, the output is correctly limited to 10 items, but the process still allocates ~505 MB and spends ~800ms building the full intermediate array. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.6."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-400",
              "description": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-29T19:55:07.337Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "brace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-45149",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-29T19:55:07.337Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-08T20:44:38.964Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T16:44:23.371Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-45149",
      "date": "2026-09-16",
      "epss": "0.003",
      "percentile": "0.22655"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-45149\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2026-05-29T20:16:25.550\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-22T06:10:00.170\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. From 5.0.0 to before 5.0.6, the max option was being applied too late. When expanding a single large numeric range like {1..10000000}, the sequence generation loop generates all 10 million intermediate elements before the max limit is applied With max=10, the output is correctly limited to 10 items, but the process still allocates ~505 MB and spends ~800ms building the full intermediate array. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.6.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"La biblioteca brace-expansion genera cadenas arbitrarias que contienen un prefijo y un sufijo comunes. Desde la versi\u00f3n 5.0.0 hasta antes de la 5.0.6, la opci\u00f3n max se estaba aplicando demasiado tarde. Al expandir un \u00fanico rango num\u00e9rico grande como {1..10000000}, el bucle de generaci\u00f3n de secuencia genera los 10 millones de elementos intermedios antes de que se aplique el l\u00edmite max. Con max=10, la salida se limita correctamente a 10 elementos, pero el proceso sigue asignando ~505 MB y gasta ~800ms en construir el array intermedio completo. Esta vulnerabilidad se corrige en la versi\u00f3n 5.0.6.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"juliangruber\",\"product\":\"brace-expansion\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"\u003e= 5.0.0, \u003c 5.0.6\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":6.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"REQUIRED\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.8,\"impactScore\":3.6},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2026-06-01T16:42:12.730782Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2026-45149\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-400\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:juliangruber:brace-expansion:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.0.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.0.6\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E4186426-4293-4F74-9ABE-6F4DD671FADC\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Mitigation\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-05T21:42:04+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-45149",
      "id": "CVE-2026-45149",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-05-29T19:55:07.337000+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "193",
      "product_status:known_affected": "122",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "309",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "brace-expansion: brace-expansion: Denial of Service due to excessive memory allocation when expanding large numeric ranges",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-45149.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"cna\": {\"title\": \"brace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection\", \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"cweId\": \"CWE-400\", \"lang\": \"en\", \"description\": \"CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption\", \"type\": \"CWE\"}]}], \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"baseScore\": 6.5, \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"userInteraction\": \"REQUIRED\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\", \"version\": \"3.1\"}}], \"references\": [{\"name\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"], \"url\": \"https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2\"}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"juliangruber\", \"product\": \"brace-expansion\", \"versions\": [{\"version\": \"\u003e= 5.0.0, \u003c 5.0.6\", \"status\": \"affected\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-05-29T19:55:07.337Z\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. From 5.0.0 to before 5.0.6, the max option was being applied too late. When expanding a single large numeric range like {1..10000000}, the sequence generation loop generates all 10 million intermediate elements before the max limit is applied With max=10, the output is correctly limited to 10 items, but the process still allocates ~505 MB and spends ~800ms building the full intermediate array. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.6.\"}], \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}}, \"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2026-45149\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-06-01T16:42:12.730782Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-01T16:44:17.118Z\"}}]}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-45149\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-05-08T20:44:38.964Z\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-05-29T19:55:07.337Z\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-06-01T16:44:23.371Z\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.