CVE-2026-87822 (GCVE-0-2026-87822)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 14:32 – Updated: 2026-09-09 14:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
t-digest 3.1 through 3.3 Denial of Service via NaN Centroid Means in MergingDigest.fromBytes
Summary
t-digest versions 3.1 through 3.3 fail to validate centroid means during deserialization in MergingDigest.fromBytes, allowing attackers to inject NaN values that bypass validation checks. Attackers can craft malicious serialized digests containing NaN centroids that degrade sorting performance from O(n log n) to O(n squared), causing severe processing delays during merge operations.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/issues/229 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/blob/8d5c152… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/blob/8d5c152… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/t-digest-3.1… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-24 00:00
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/tdunning/t-digest/",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:maven/com.tdunning/t-digest",
"product": "t-digest",
"repo": "https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest",
"vendor": "tdunning",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Yu Bao, PayPal Cyber Security Team"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "t-digest versions 3.1 through 3.3 fail to validate centroid means during deserialization in MergingDigest.fromBytes, allowing attackers to inject NaN values that bypass validation checks. Attackers can craft malicious serialized digests containing NaN centroids that degrade sorting performance from O(n log n) to O(n squared), causing severe processing delays during merge operations."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-407",
"description": "Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-09T14:32:42.726Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "tdunning/t-digest issue #229",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/issues/229"
},
{
"name": "fromBytes writing centroid means with no NaN check at the 3.3 release commit",
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/blob/8d5c1523c3d46925e9b3979a8d63c0b9d004ed1c/core/src/main/java/com/tdunning/math/stats/MergingDigest.java"
},
{
"name": "stableQuickSort three-way partition that degrades on NaN at the 3.3 release commit",
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/blob/8d5c1523c3d46925e9b3979a8d63c0b9d004ed1c/core/src/main/java/com/tdunning/math/stats/Sort.java"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: t-digest 3.1 through 3.3 Denial of Service via NaN Centroid Means in MergingDigest.fromBytes",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/t-digest-3.1-through-3.3-denial-of-service-via-nan-centroid-means-in-mergingdigest-frombytes"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "t-digest 3.1 through 3.3 Denial of Service via NaN Centroid Means in MergingDigest.fromBytes",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-87822",
"datePublished": "2026-09-09T14:32:42.726Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-09T10:32:34.110Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-09T14:32:42.726Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-87822\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\",\"published\":\"2026-09-09T15:17:27.427\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-09-09T20:16:54.383\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Awaiting Analysis\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"t-digest versions 3.1 through 3.3 fail to validate centroid means during deserialization in MergingDigest.fromBytes, allowing attackers to inject NaN values that bypass validation checks. Attackers can craft malicious serialized digests containing NaN centroids that degrade sorting performance from O(n log n) to O(n squared), causing severe processing delays during merge operations.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"tdunning\",\"product\":\"t-digest\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"collectionURL\":\"https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/tdunning/t-digest/\",\"repo\":\"https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest\",\"packageURL\":\"pkg:maven/com.tdunning/t-digest\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"3.3\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":8.7,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"attackRequirements\":\"NONE\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}],\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-407\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest\",\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/blob/8d5c1523c3d46925e9b3979a8d63c0b9d004ed1c/core/src/main/java/com/tdunning/math/stats/MergingDigest.java\",\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/blob/8d5c1523c3d46925e9b3979a8d63c0b9d004ed1c/core/src/main/java/com/tdunning/math/stats/Sort.java\",\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/issues/229\",\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/t-digest-3.1-through-3.3-denial-of-service-via-nan-centroid-means-in-mergingdigest-frombytes\",\"source\":\"disclosure@vulncheck.com\"}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Important",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-10T01:51:58+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-87822",
"id": "CVE-2026-87822",
"initial_release_date": "2026-09-09T14:32:42.726000+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "2",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "t-digest: t-digest: Denial of Service via NaN centroid injection during deserialization",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-87822.json",
"version": "3"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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