Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-92161 (GCVE-0-2026-92161)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-25 15:53 – Updated: 2026-09-25 15:53

Title

FriendsOfFlarum OAuth: Unauthenticated account takeover via unverified email trust in Discord OAuth provider

Summary

FriendsOfFlarum OAuth allows users to log in to Flarum with GitHub, Twitter, Facebook, and other providers. Prior to 1.7.4 and 2.0.0-beta.4, the Discord OAuth provider does not check the verified field returned for an OAuth email before passing the address to Flarum core as trusted through provideTrustedEmail(). When Discord sign-in is enabled, an unauthenticated attacker who knows the email address of a Flarum user can configure a Discord account with that unverified address and a verified phone number, then sign in to cause Flarum to match the trusted address, link the attacker-controlled Discord identity to the existing user, and authenticate as the victim without a password or victim interaction. Exploitation requires that the victim's email address is not already associated with a Discord account, and it can compromise administrator accounts. Other bundled providers were not confirmed to be practically exploitable by this method because their relevant authentication flows return only verified or confirmed email addresses. This issue is fixed in versions 1.7.4 and 2.0.0-beta.4.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/b…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/b…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
FriendsOfFlarum	oauth	Affected: < 1.7.4 Affected: >= 2.0.0-beta.1, < 2.0.0-beta.4	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "oauth",
          "vendor": "FriendsOfFlarum",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.7.4"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 2.0.0-beta.1, \u003c 2.0.0-beta.4"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "FriendsOfFlarum OAuth allows users to log in to Flarum with GitHub, Twitter, Facebook, and other providers. Prior to 1.7.4 and 2.0.0-beta.4, the Discord OAuth provider does not check the verified field returned for an OAuth email before passing the address to Flarum core as trusted through provideTrustedEmail(). When Discord sign-in is enabled, an unauthenticated attacker who knows the email address of a Flarum user can configure a Discord account with that unverified address and a verified phone number, then sign in to cause Flarum to match the trusted address, link the attacker-controlled Discord identity to the existing user, and authenticate as the victim without a password or victim interaction. Exploitation requires that the victim\u0027s email address is not already associated with a Discord account, and it can compromise administrator accounts. Other bundled providers were not confirmed to be practically exploitable by this method because their relevant authentication flows return only verified or confirmed email addresses. This issue is fixed in versions 1.7.4 and 2.0.0-beta.4."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-345",
              "description": "CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-25T15:53:34.825Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/security/advisories/GHSA-g7vj-c29h-3h5m",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/security/advisories/GHSA-g7vj-c29h-3h5m"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/baca3466b3b7be51c70a7e0ba966901aefeb344a",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/baca3466b3b7be51c70a7e0ba966901aefeb344a"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/bb4bf376832e6bb68c579715d2a4b5a92c4a2567",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/bb4bf376832e6bb68c579715d2a4b5a92c4a2567"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/1.7.4",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/1.7.4"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/2.0.0-beta.4",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/2.0.0-beta.4"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-g7vj-c29h-3h5m",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "FriendsOfFlarum OAuth: Unauthenticated account takeover via unverified email trust in Discord OAuth provider"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-92161",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-25T15:53:34.825Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-15T17:13:57.866Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-25T15:53:34.825Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-92161",
      "date": "2026-09-26",
      "epss": "0.00272",
      "percentile": "0.17565"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "oauth",
                "vendor": "FriendsOfFlarum",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c 1.7.4"
                  },
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003e= 2.0.0-beta.1, \u003c 2.0.0-beta.4"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "FriendsOfFlarum OAuth allows users to log in to Flarum with GitHub, Twitter, Facebook, and other providers. Prior to 1.7.4 and 2.0.0-beta.4, the Discord OAuth provider does not check the verified field returned for an OAuth email before passing the address to Flarum core as trusted through provideTrustedEmail(). When Discord sign-in is enabled, an unauthenticated attacker who knows the email address of a Flarum user can configure a Discord account with that unverified address and a verified phone number, then sign in to cause Flarum to match the trusted address, link the attacker-controlled Discord identity to the existing user, and authenticate as the victim without a password or victim interaction. Exploitation requires that the victim\u0027s email address is not already associated with a Discord account, and it can compromise administrator accounts. Other bundled providers were not confirmed to be practically exploitable by this method because their relevant authentication flows return only verified or confirmed email addresses. This issue is fixed in versions 1.7.4 and 2.0.0-beta.4."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-92161",
        "lastModified": "2026-09-25T16:17:29.387",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.8,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-09-25T16:17:29.387",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/baca3466b3b7be51c70a7e0ba966901aefeb344a"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/bb4bf376832e6bb68c579715d2a4b5a92c4a2567"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/1.7.4"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/2.0.0-beta.4"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/security/advisories/GHSA-g7vj-c29h-3h5m"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Received",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-345"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

FKIE_CVE-2026-92161

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-09-25 16:17 - Updated: 2026-09-25 16:17

Severity

9.8 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/baca3466b3b7be51c70a7e0ba966901aefeb344a
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/bb4bf376832e6bb68c579715d2a4b5a92c4a2567
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/1.7.4
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/2.0.0-beta.4
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/security/advisories/GHSA-g7vj-c29h-3h5m

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "oauth",
          "vendor": "FriendsOfFlarum",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.7.4"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 2.0.0-beta.1, \u003c 2.0.0-beta.4"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "FriendsOfFlarum OAuth allows users to log in to Flarum with GitHub, Twitter, Facebook, and other providers. Prior to 1.7.4 and 2.0.0-beta.4, the Discord OAuth provider does not check the verified field returned for an OAuth email before passing the address to Flarum core as trusted through provideTrustedEmail(). When Discord sign-in is enabled, an unauthenticated attacker who knows the email address of a Flarum user can configure a Discord account with that unverified address and a verified phone number, then sign in to cause Flarum to match the trusted address, link the attacker-controlled Discord identity to the existing user, and authenticate as the victim without a password or victim interaction. Exploitation requires that the victim\u0027s email address is not already associated with a Discord account, and it can compromise administrator accounts. Other bundled providers were not confirmed to be practically exploitable by this method because their relevant authentication flows return only verified or confirmed email addresses. This issue is fixed in versions 1.7.4 and 2.0.0-beta.4."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-92161",
  "lastModified": "2026-09-25T16:17:29.387",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 9.8,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-09-25T16:17:29.387",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/baca3466b3b7be51c70a7e0ba966901aefeb344a"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/bb4bf376832e6bb68c579715d2a4b5a92c4a2567"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/1.7.4"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/2.0.0-beta.4"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/security/advisories/GHSA-g7vj-c29h-3h5m"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-345"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G7VJ-C29H-3H5M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-25 15:55 – Updated: 2026-09-25 20:30

Summary

FriendsOfFlarum OAuth: Unauthenticated account takeover via unverified email trust in Discord OAuth provider

Details

Impact

An unauthenticated account takeover vulnerability exists in fof/oauth when the Discord OAuth provider is enabled.

Discord allows an account to use an unverified email address when its phone number has been verified. During OAuth authentication, Discord may return that email address with "verified": false.

Affected versions of fof/oauth did not validate this flag and passed the email address to Flarum core as trusted via provideTrustedEmail(). Flarum core could then match the trusted email address to an existing user, link the attacker-controlled Discord identity to that user, and authenticate the attacker as the victim.

An attacker who knows a user's email address can therefore take over the corresponding Flarum account without knowing its password or requiring any interaction from the victim. This includes administrator accounts.

Preconditions for exploitation

Discord sign-in is enabled on the forum.
The victim has a Flarum account with a known email address.
The victim's email address is not already associated with a Discord account.
The attacker creates or configures a Discord account using the victim's email address without verifying it and verifies a phone number instead.
The attacker authenticates to the forum using that Discord account.

The issue is specific to Discord's ability to return an unverified email address through OAuth. Other bundled providers were not confirmed to be practically exploitable through the same method because they only return verified or confirmed email addresses in the relevant authentication flow.

Patched Versions

Workarounds

Administrators who cannot update immediately should disable the Discord OAuth provider in the extension settings.

Credits

Reported by @faran1512

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "fof/oauth"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.7.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "fof/oauth"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0-beta.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0-beta.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-92161"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-345"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-25T15:55:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-25T16:17:29Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nAn unauthenticated account takeover vulnerability exists in `fof/oauth` when the Discord OAuth provider is enabled.\n\nDiscord allows an account to use an unverified email address when its phone number has been verified. During OAuth authentication, Discord may return that email address with `\"verified\": false`.\n\nAffected versions of `fof/oauth` did not validate this flag and passed the email address to Flarum core as trusted via `provideTrustedEmail()`. Flarum core could then match the trusted email address to an existing user, link the attacker-controlled Discord identity to that user, and authenticate the attacker as the victim.\n\nAn attacker who knows a user\u0027s email address can therefore take over the corresponding Flarum account without knowing its password or requiring any interaction from the victim. This includes administrator accounts.\n\n#### Preconditions for exploitation\n\n1. Discord sign-in is enabled on the forum.\n2. The victim has a Flarum account with a known email address.\n3. The victim\u0027s email address is not already associated with a Discord account.\n4. The attacker creates or configures a Discord account using the victim\u0027s email address without verifying it and verifies a phone number instead.\n5. The attacker authenticates to the forum using that Discord account.\n\nThe issue is specific to Discord\u0027s ability to return an unverified email address through OAuth. Other bundled providers were not confirmed to be practically exploitable through the same method because they only return verified or confirmed email addresses in the relevant authentication flow.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\n- [1.7.4](https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/1.7.4)\n- [2.0.0-beta.4](https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/2.0.0-beta.4)\n\n### Workarounds\n\nAdministrators who cannot update immediately should disable the Discord OAuth provider in the extension settings.\n\n### Credits\n\nReported by @faran1512",
  "id": "GHSA-g7vj-c29h-3h5m",
  "modified": "2026-09-25T20:30:07Z",
  "published": "2026-09-25T15:55:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/security/advisories/GHSA-g7vj-c29h-3h5m"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92161"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/baca3466b3b7be51c70a7e0ba966901aefeb344a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/commit/bb4bf376832e6bb68c579715d2a4b5a92c4a2567"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/1.7.4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfFlarum/oauth/releases/tag/2.0.0-beta.4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "FriendsOfFlarum OAuth: Unauthenticated account takeover via unverified email trust in Discord OAuth provider"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-92161 (GCVE-0-2026-92161)

FKIE_CVE-2026-92161

GHSA-G7VJ-C29H-3H5M

Impact

Preconditions for exploitation

Patched Versions

Workarounds

Credits

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour