Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-37997

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-05-29 14:15 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:22

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ipset: fix region locking in hash types Region locking introduced in v5.6-rc4 contained three macros to handle the region locks: ahash_bucket_start(), ahash_bucket_end() which gave back the start and end hash bucket values belonging to a given region lock and ahash_region() which should give back the region lock belonging to a given hash bucket. The latter was incorrect which can lead to a race condition between the garbage collector and adding new elements when a hash type of set is defined with timeouts.

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/00cfc5fad1491796942a948808afb968a0a3f35b	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/226ce0ec38316d9e3739e73a64b6b8304646c658	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e002ecc1c8cfdfc866b9104ab7888da54613e59	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82c1eb32693bc48251d92532975e19160987e5b9	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8478a729c0462273188263136880480729e9efca	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3dfec485401943e315c394c29afe2db8f9481d6	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa77294b0f73bb8265987591460cd25b8722c3df	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2ab67672b2288521a6146034a971f9a82ffc5c5	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html	Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html	Third Party Advisory

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	5.6
linux	linux_kernel	5.6
linux	linux_kernel	5.6
linux	linux_kernel	5.6
linux	linux_kernel	5.6
linux	linux_kernel	6.15
linux	linux_kernel	6.15
linux	linux_kernel	6.15
linux	linux_kernel	6.15
linux	linux_kernel	6.15
debian	debian_linux	11.0

JSON

To clipboard

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      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ipset: fix region locking in hash types\n\nRegion locking introduced in v5.6-rc4 contained three macros to handle\nthe region locks: ahash_bucket_start(), ahash_bucket_end() which gave\nback the start and end hash bucket values belonging to a given region\nlock and ahash_region() which should give back the region lock belonging\nto a given hash bucket. The latter was incorrect which can lead to a\nrace condition between the garbage collector and adding new elements\nwhen a hash type of set is defined with timeouts."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: netfilter: ipset: correcci\u00f3n del bloqueo de regi\u00f3n en tipos hash. El bloqueo de regi\u00f3n introducido en la versi\u00f3n v5.6-rc4 conten\u00eda tres macros para gestionar los bloqueos de regi\u00f3n: ahash_bucket_start(), ahash_bucket_end(), que devolv\u00eda los valores de inicio y fin del dep\u00f3sito hash correspondientes a un bloqueo de regi\u00f3n determinado, y ahash_region(), que deber\u00eda devolver el bloqueo de regi\u00f3n correspondiente a un dep\u00f3sito hash determinado. Esta \u00faltima era incorrecta, lo que puede generar una condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n entre el recolector de elementos no utilizados y la adici\u00f3n de nuevos elementos cuando se define un tipo hash de conjunto con tiempos de espera."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-37997",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:22:43.087",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
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  "published": "2025-05-29T14:15:36.317",
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  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
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      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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}

CVE-2025-37997 (GCVE-0-2025-37997)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-29 13:15 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:58

Title

netfilter: ipset: fix region locking in hash types

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

10 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/00cfc5fad14917969…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/226ce0ec38316d9e3…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/82c1eb32693bc4825…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa77294b0f73bb826…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3dfec485401943e3…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2ab67672b2288521…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e002ecc1c8cfdfc8…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8478a729c04622731…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5dd9488ae41070b69d2f4acb580f77db5705f9ca , < 00cfc5fad1491796942a948808afb968a0a3f35b (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < 226ce0ec38316d9e3739e73a64b6b8304646c658 (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < 82c1eb32693bc48251d92532975e19160987e5b9 (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < aa77294b0f73bb8265987591460cd25b8722c3df (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < a3dfec485401943e315c394c29afe2db8f9481d6 (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < e2ab67672b2288521a6146034a971f9a82ffc5c5 (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < 6e002ecc1c8cfdfc866b9104ab7888da54613e59 (git) Affected: f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465 , < 8478a729c0462273188263136880480729e9efca (git) Affected: a469bab3386aebff33c59506f3a95e35b91118fd (git) Affected: 5.4.24 , < 5.4.294 (semver) Affected: 5.5.8 , < 5.6 (semver)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.6 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.6 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.294 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.238 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.183 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.139 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.91 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.29 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14.7 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:58:10.817Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
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        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
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    "cna": {
      "affected": [
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_hash_gen.h"
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          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
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              "versionType": "git"
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            {
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              "status": "affected",
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              "versionType": "git"
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              "version": "f66ee0410b1c3481ee75e5db9b34547b4d582465",
              "versionType": "git"
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            {
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              "version": "a469bab3386aebff33c59506f3a95e35b91118fd",
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            },
            {
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              "version": "5.4.24",
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              "version": "5.5.8",
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.6"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.6",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.294",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.238",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.183",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.139",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.91",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.29",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.14.7",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.294",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.4.24",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.238",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.6",
                  "vulnerable": true
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                {
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.183",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.6",
                  "vulnerable": true
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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "vulnerable": true
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                {
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                  "vulnerable": true
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              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ipset: fix region locking in hash types\n\nRegion locking introduced in v5.6-rc4 contained three macros to handle\nthe region locks: ahash_bucket_start(), ahash_bucket_end() which gave\nback the start and end hash bucket values belonging to a given region\nlock and ahash_region() which should give back the region lock belonging\nto a given hash bucket. The latter was incorrect which can lead to a\nrace condition between the garbage collector and adding new elements\nwhen a hash type of set is defined with timeouts."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable add/del and GC paths are driven through the ipset nfnetlink/sockopt control plane, which requires a local socket (netfilter control plane = Local per kernel scoring convention). Remote packets can drive `mtype_add()` via the `xt_set` SET target, but only when the administrator has configured such a rule, so the base score uses the self-contained local path.\nAC:L - The attacker provisions both sides of the race: they choose `hashsize \u003e= 2048` (which is what breaks the modulo-vs-division region mapping) and a short `timeout` that pins the GC period to the `HZ/10` floor, then churn add/del indefinitely with roughly half of all operations taking the wrong region lock. No condition depends on attacker-uncontrollable state, and failed attempts are freely retriable.\nPR:L - Access is gated on `netlink_net_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN)` and `ns_capable(net-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, both evaluated against the network namespace\u0027s user namespace, so an unprivileged user obtains it with `unshare -Urn`; ipset state is fully per-netns, so the whole attack works inside the sandbox.\nUI:N - The attacker creates the set, generates the element churn, and the garbage collector fires automatically from a delayed work item. No victim action is involved at any point.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel heap and is exploited for privilege escalation within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The unserialized GC/add race yields use-after-free of hbucket objects and of extension data freed by `ip_set_ext_destroy()`, and stale resurrected buckets let freed slab contents be read back to userspace via `ipset list`, giving an arbitrary-read primitive.\nI:H - GC\u0027s shrink path can copy more used entries than `tmp-\u003esize` accounts for when a concurrent `mtype_add()` bumps `n-\u003epos` under a different lock, producing a heap out-of-bounds write of attacker-controlled element bytes; the double `kfree_rcu()` on the same hbucket additionally corrupts the SLUB freelist, both of which are standard arbitrary-write/control-flow-hijack primitives.\nA:H - Enqueuing the same `rcu_head` twice corrupts the RCU callback list (cycle \u2192 hang in `rcu_do_batch`), and the double free plus out-of-bounds writes reliably produce slab corruption, oops, and panic."
            }
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        }
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:49.210Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/226ce0ec38316d9e3739e73a64b6b8304646c658"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8478a729c0462273188263136880480729e9efca"
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      "title": "netfilter: ipset: fix region locking in hash types",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-37997",
    "datePublished": "2025-05-29T13:15:55.580Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.976Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:49.210Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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}

Sightings

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Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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FKIE_CVE-2025-37997

CVE-2025-37997 (GCVE-0-2025-37997)

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