Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-38477

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-07-28 12:15 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:23

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.7 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: sch_qfq: Fix race condition on qfq_aggregate A race condition can occur when 'agg' is modified in qfq_change_agg (called during qfq_enqueue) while other threads access it concurrently. For example, qfq_dump_class may trigger a NULL dereference, and qfq_delete_class may cause a use-after-free. This patch addresses the issue by: 1. Moved qfq_destroy_class into the critical section. 2. Added sch_tree_lock protection to qfq_dump_class and qfq_dump_class_stats.

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/466e10194ab81caa2ee6a332d33ba16bcceeeba6	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5e28d5a3f774f118896aec17a3a20a9c5c9dfc64	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a6d735100f602c830c16d69fb6d780eebd8c9ae1	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa7a22c4d678bf649fd3a1d27debec583563414d	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c000a3a330d97f6c073ace5aa5faf94b9adb4b79	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c6df794000147a3a02f79984aada4ce83f8d0a1e	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d841aa5518508ab195b6781ad0d73ee378d713dd	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fbe48f06e64134dfeafa89ad23387f66ebca3527	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e	https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
debian	debian_linux	11.0

JSON

To clipboard

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      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: sch_qfq: Fix race condition on qfq_aggregate\n\nA race condition can occur when \u0027agg\u0027 is modified in qfq_change_agg\n(called during qfq_enqueue) while other threads access it\nconcurrently. For example, qfq_dump_class may trigger a NULL\ndereference, and qfq_delete_class may cause a use-after-free.\n\nThis patch addresses the issue by:\n\n1. Moved qfq_destroy_class into the critical section.\n\n2. Added sch_tree_lock protection to qfq_dump_class and\nqfq_dump_class_stats."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: net/sched: sch_qfq: Correcci\u00f3n de la condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n en qfq_aggregate. Una condici\u00f3n de ejecuci\u00f3n puede ocurrir cuando se modifica \u0027agg\u0027 en qfq_change_agg (llamado durante qfq_enqueue) mientras otros subprocesos acceden a \u00e9l simult\u00e1neamente. Por ejemplo, qfq_dump_class puede desencadenar una desreferencia a NULL y qfq_delete_class puede causar un use-after-free. Este parche soluciona el problema mediante: 1. El traslado de qfq_destroy_class a la secci\u00f3n cr\u00edtica. 2. La adici\u00f3n de la protecci\u00f3n sch_tree_lock a qfq_dump_class y qfq_dump_class_stats."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-38477",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:19.777",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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        "type": "Secondary"
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          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 4.7,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.0,
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        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
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    "ssvcV203": [
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        "ssvcData": {
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          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
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            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:41:44.296535Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
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  "published": "2025-07-28T12:15:29.617",
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    },
    {
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  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-362"
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      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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}

CVE-2025-38477 (GCVE-0-2025-38477)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-28 11:21 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:02

Title

net/sched: sch_qfq: Fix race condition on qfq_aggregate

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-10 20:41 UTC

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 54/100 over 6618 records in the last 180 days details

References

11 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa7a22c4d678bf649…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d841aa5518508ab19…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c6df794000147a3a0…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/466e10194ab81caa2…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fbe48f06e64134dfe…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a6d735100f602c830…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c000a3a330d97f6c0…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5e28d5a3f774f1188…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/…

Impacted products

5 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 462dbc9101acd38e92eda93c0726857517a24bbd , < aa7a22c4d678bf649fd3a1d27debec583563414d (git) Affected: 462dbc9101acd38e92eda93c0726857517a24bbd , < d841aa5518508ab195b6781ad0d73ee378d713dd (git) Affected: 462dbc9101acd38e92eda93c0726857517a24bbd , < c6df794000147a3a02f79984aada4ce83f8d0a1e (git) Affected: 462dbc9101acd38e92eda93c0726857517a24bbd , < 466e10194ab81caa2ee6a332d33ba16bcceeeba6 (git) Affected: 462dbc9101acd38e92eda93c0726857517a24bbd , < fbe48f06e64134dfeafa89ad23387f66ebca3527 (git) Affected: 462dbc9101acd38e92eda93c0726857517a24bbd , < a6d735100f602c830c16d69fb6d780eebd8c9ae1 (git) Affected: 462dbc9101acd38e92eda93c0726857517a24bbd , < c000a3a330d97f6c073ace5aa5faf94b9adb4b79 (git) Affected: 462dbc9101acd38e92eda93c0726857517a24bbd , < 5e28d5a3f774f118896aec17a3a20a9c5c9dfc64 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 3.8 Unaffected: 0 , < 3.8 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.297 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.241 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.190 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.147 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.100 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.40 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.8 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Siemens	SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP	Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
Siemens	SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP	Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
Siemens	SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP	Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)

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                "options": [
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                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-10T20:41:44.296535Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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          "programFiles": [
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              "version": "0",
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              "versionType": "semver"
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              "versionType": "semver"
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable paths are reached via local RTM_NEWTCLASS/DELTCLASS/GETTCLASS netlink operations on a qfq qdisc raced against local packet transmission through that qdisc. No remote peer input is involved.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race \u2014 one thread continuously transmits packets larger than the class lmax to force qfq_change_agg() from qfq_enqueue(), while another loops tc class show/change/delete \u2014 so the window can be hit reliably by repetition on an attacker-owned netdev.\nPR:L - tc class manipulation requires CAP_NET_ADMIN, but rtnetlink checks netlink_net_capable() against the netns user_ns, so an unprivileged user obtains it with `unshare -Urn` and can build the entire qfq/veth setup inside that namespace.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step itself \u2014 creating the qdisc, the class, the filter, and both racing threads. No victim action is needed.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap objects within the same kernel security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - qfq_dump_class()/qfq_dump_class_stats() read class_weight and lmax from an already-freed qfq_aggregate and copy them to userspace via netlink, and the broader use-after-free on a generic kmalloc slab object can be groomed into an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive.\nI:H - The unlocked qfq_rm_from_agg()/qfq_update_agg()/qfq_destroy_agg() in qfq_delete_class() write into a concurrently freed aggregate (list unlink plus several field stores) and can double-free it, giving heap-spray-based write primitives suitable for control-flow hijack and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The race trivially produces a NULL pointer dereference on cl-\u003eagg, a use-after-free oops, a double free, or a divide-by-zero from corrupted num_classes/wsum, any of which panics the kernel."
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}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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FKIE_CVE-2025-38477

CVE-2025-38477 (GCVE-0-2025-38477)

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