Vulnerability-Lookup

FKIE_CVE-2025-38478

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-07-28 12:15 - Updated: 2026-07-30 06:23

Severity

7.8 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: comedi: Fix initialization of data for instructions that write to subdevice Some Comedi subdevice instruction handlers are known to access instruction data elements beyond the first `insn->n` elements in some cases. The `do_insn_ioctl()` and `do_insnlist_ioctl()` functions allocate at least `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) data elements to deal with this, but they do not initialize all of that. For Comedi instruction codes that write to the subdevice, the first `insn->n` data elements are copied from user-space, but the remaining elements are left uninitialized. That could be a problem if the subdevice instruction handler reads the uninitialized data. Ensure that the first `MIN_SAMPLES` elements are initialized before calling these instruction handlers, filling the uncopied elements with 0. For `do_insnlist_ioctl()`, the same data buffer elements are used for handling a list of instructions, so ensure the first `MIN_SAMPLES` elements are initialized for each instruction that writes to the subdevice.

References

URL	Tags
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/020eed5681d0f9bced73970368078a92d6cfaa9c	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13e4d9038a1e869445a996a3f604a84ef52fe8f4	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/46d8c744136ce2454aa4c35c138cc06817f92b8e	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/673ee92bd2d31055bca98a1d96b653f5284289c4	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f38c6380c3b38a05032b8881e41137385a6ce02	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c42116dc70af6664526f7aa82cf937824ab42649	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3436638738ace8f101af7bdee2eae1bc38e9b29	Patch
416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67	https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe8713fb4e4e82a4f91910d9a41bf0613e69a0b9	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html	Mailing List, Third Party Advisory

Impacted products

Vendor	Product	Version
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	*
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
linux	linux_kernel	6.16
debian	debian_linux	11.0

JSON

To clipboard

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  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncomedi: Fix initialization of data for instructions that write to subdevice\n\nSome Comedi subdevice instruction handlers are known to access\ninstruction data elements beyond the first `insn-\u003en` elements in some\ncases.  The `do_insn_ioctl()` and `do_insnlist_ioctl()` functions\nallocate at least `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) data elements to deal with this,\nbut they do not initialize all of that.  For Comedi instruction codes\nthat write to the subdevice, the first `insn-\u003en` data elements are\ncopied from user-space, but the remaining elements are left\nuninitialized.  That could be a problem if the subdevice instruction\nhandler reads the uninitialized data.  Ensure that the first\n`MIN_SAMPLES` elements are initialized before calling these instruction\nhandlers, filling the uncopied elements with 0.  For\n`do_insnlist_ioctl()`, the same data buffer elements are used for\nhandling a list of instructions, so ensure the first `MIN_SAMPLES`\nelements are initialized for each instruction that writes to the\nsubdevice."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: comedi: Se corrige la inicializaci\u00f3n de datos para instrucciones que escriben en el subdispositivo Se sabe que algunos controladores de instrucciones del subdispositivo Comedi acceden a elementos de datos de instrucci\u00f3n m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de los primeros elementos `insn-\u0026gt;n` en algunos casos. Las funciones `do_insn_ioctl()` y `do_insnlist_ioctl()` asignan al menos `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) elementos de datos para lidiar con esto, pero no inicializan todo eso. Para los c\u00f3digos de instrucci\u00f3n Comedi que escriben en el subdispositivo, los primeros elementos de datos `insn-\u0026gt;n` se copian del espacio de usuario, pero los elementos restantes se dejan sin inicializar. Eso podr\u00eda ser un problema si el controlador de instrucciones del subdispositivo lee los datos no inicializados. Aseg\u00farese de que los primeros elementos `MIN_SAMPLES` se inicialicen antes de llamar a estos controladores de instrucciones, llenando los elementos no copiados con 0. Para `do_insnlist_ioctl()`, se utilizan los mismos elementos del b\u00fafer de datos para manejar una lista de instrucciones, as\u00ed que aseg\u00farese de que los primeros elementos `MIN_SAMPLES` se inicialicen para cada instrucci\u00f3n que escriba en el subdispositivo."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-38478",
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:23:20.260",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
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        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "type": "Secondary"
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          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 5.5,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
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        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
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  "published": "2025-07-28T12:15:29.733",
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    },
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      "tags": [
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        "Third Party Advisory"
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  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-908"
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      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "type": "Primary"
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  ]
}

CVE-2025-38478 (GCVE-0-2025-38478)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-28 11:21 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:02

Title

comedi: Fix initialization of data for instructions that write to subdevice

Summary

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

10 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f38c6380c3b38a05…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13e4d9038a1e86944…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/020eed5681d0f9bce…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3436638738ace8f1…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/673ee92bd2d31055b…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c42116dc70af66645…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe8713fb4e4e82a4f…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/46d8c744136ce2454…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < 6f38c6380c3b38a05032b8881e41137385a6ce02 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < 13e4d9038a1e869445a996a3f604a84ef52fe8f4 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < 020eed5681d0f9bced73970368078a92d6cfaa9c (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < d3436638738ace8f101af7bdee2eae1bc38e9b29 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < 673ee92bd2d31055bca98a1d96b653f5284289c4 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < c42116dc70af6664526f7aa82cf937824ab42649 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < fe8713fb4e4e82a4f91910d9a41bf0613e69a0b9 (git) Affected: ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4 , < 46d8c744136ce2454aa4c35c138cc06817f92b8e (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 2.6.29 Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.29 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.297 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.241 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.190 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.147 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.100 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.40 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.8 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:38:46.621Z",
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        "title": "CVE Program Container"
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    "cna": {
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/comedi/comedi_fops.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "6f38c6380c3b38a05032b8881e41137385a6ce02",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "13e4d9038a1e869445a996a3f604a84ef52fe8f4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "020eed5681d0f9bced73970368078a92d6cfaa9c",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "d3436638738ace8f101af7bdee2eae1bc38e9b29",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "673ee92bd2d31055bca98a1d96b653f5284289c4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "c42116dc70af6664526f7aa82cf937824ab42649",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "fe8713fb4e4e82a4f91910d9a41bf0613e69a0b9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "46d8c744136ce2454aa4c35c138cc06817f92b8e",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ed9eccbe8970f6eedc1b978c157caf1251a896d4",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/comedi/comedi_fops.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.29"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.29",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.297",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.241",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.190",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.147",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.100",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.40",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15.8",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.297",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.29",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.241",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.29",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.190",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.29",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.147",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.29",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.100",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.29",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.40",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.29",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.8",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.29",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.29",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncomedi: Fix initialization of data for instructions that write to subdevice\n\nSome Comedi subdevice instruction handlers are known to access\ninstruction data elements beyond the first `insn-\u003en` elements in some\ncases.  The `do_insn_ioctl()` and `do_insnlist_ioctl()` functions\nallocate at least `MIN_SAMPLES` (16) data elements to deal with this,\nbut they do not initialize all of that.  For Comedi instruction codes\nthat write to the subdevice, the first `insn-\u003en` data elements are\ncopied from user-space, but the remaining elements are left\nuninitialized.  That could be a problem if the subdevice instruction\nhandler reads the uninitialized data.  Ensure that the first\n`MIN_SAMPLES` elements are initialized before calling these instruction\nhandlers, filling the uncopied elements with 0.  For\n`do_insnlist_ioctl()`, the same data buffer elements are used for\nhandling a list of instructions, so ensure the first `MIN_SAMPLES`\nelements are initialized for each instruction that writes to the\nsubdevice."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The only entry point is the COMEDI_INSN/COMEDI_INSNLIST ioctl issued on a local /dev/comediN character device (comedi_unlocked_ioctl, comedi_fops.c:2253/2280). No network, remote-peer, or adjacent-network data path reaches this code.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically triggers the bug with a single ioctl by setting insn-\u003en smaller than what the handler reads (e.g. INSN_CONFIG with an ID that falls through check_insn_config_length()\u0027s permissive default arm) \u2014 no race, no timing window, no condition outside attacker control, and the kmalloc-64 slab contents can be groomed beforehand to influence the uninitialized bytes.\nPR:L - Unlike COMEDI_DEVCONFIG, the instruction ioctls carry no capable() check whatsoever \u2014 comedi_open() demands CAP_SYS_ADMIN only for an unattached device, and PCI/USB boards auto-attach at probe via comedi_pci_auto_config()/comedi_usb_auto_config(), so any unprivileged user holding an fd on the comedi node (comedi\u0027s standard group-permission model) can drive the path.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire attack with self-issued ioctls on a file descriptor it opens itself; no victim action, mount, or interaction by another user is required.\nS:U - The uninitialized read and its consequences stay entirely within the kernel\u0027s own security authority on the same host, with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, container, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - Up to 60 bytes of uninitialized kernel slab memory \u2014 potentially containing heap and kernel pointers usable to defeat KASLR \u2014 are consumed by subdevice handlers and pushed into device registers that the same unprivileged caller can read back through comedi read/get instructions (s526 preload\u2192counter read, NI routing/filter set\u2192get, 8254 load\u2192read), and this identical buffer was the subject of a confirmed syzbot KMSAN kernel-infoleak.\nI:H - Uninitialized heap words bypass parse_insn()\u0027s maxdata range validation (which only covers the first insn-\u003en elements) and are written directly into counter mode/preload, PWM, routing and edge-detection/interrupt registers plus driver state (devpriv-\u003egpct_config, io_bits, readback caches), so both kernel-side driver state and the hardware controlling the attached physical process are modified with values neither the user nor the driver validated.\nA:H - Programming interrupt/edge-detection and counter-mode registers with random heap contents can leave the board asserting spurious interrupts or wedged in an invalid state \u2014 an IRQ storm or livelock on a shared line \u2014 and the uninitialized read is itself undefined behaviour that is fatal on KMSAN-instrumented and panic_on_warn hardened kernels."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:02:15.495Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f38c6380c3b38a05032b8881e41137385a6ce02"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13e4d9038a1e869445a996a3f604a84ef52fe8f4"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/020eed5681d0f9bced73970368078a92d6cfaa9c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3436638738ace8f101af7bdee2eae1bc38e9b29"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/673ee92bd2d31055bca98a1d96b653f5284289c4"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c42116dc70af6664526f7aa82cf937824ab42649"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe8713fb4e4e82a4f91910d9a41bf0613e69a0b9"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/46d8c744136ce2454aa4c35c138cc06817f92b8e"
        }
      ],
      "title": "comedi: Fix initialization of data for instructions that write to subdevice",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38478",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-28T11:21:44.210Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.021Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:02:15.495Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.