FKIE_CVE-2025-65855

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-12-17 17:15 - Updated: 2026-01-06 15:09
Severity ?
6.6 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Summary
The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device.
References
cve@mitre.orghttps://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/Product
cve@mitre.orghttps://luismirandaacebedo.github.io/CVE-2025-65855/Third Party Advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
netun helpflash_iot_firmware 18_178_221102_ascii_pro_1r5_50
netun helpflash_iot -
To clipboard 

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:netun:helpflash_iot_firmware:18_178_221102_ascii_pro_1r5_50:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "73ECD6A5-17B9-4F59-A643-27B4A7DD0828",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        },
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
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              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:netun:helpflash_iot:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "0E7A00CC-0A47-4690-9652-74AEFA5F53DD",
              "vulnerable": false
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ],
      "operator": "AND"
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  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "The OTA firmware update mechanism in Netun Solutions HelpFlash IoT (firmware v18_178_221102_ASCII_PRO_1R5_50) uses hard-coded WiFi credentials identical across all devices and does not authenticate update servers or validate firmware signatures. An attacker with brief physical access can activate OTA mode (8-second button press), create a malicious WiFi AP using the known credentials, and serve malicious firmware via unauthenticated HTTP to achieve arbitrary code execution on this safety-critical emergency signaling device."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-65855",
  "lastModified": "2026-01-06T15:09:16.853",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "PHYSICAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 6.6,
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 0.7,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "type": "Secondary"
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  "published": "2025-12-17T17:15:50.657",
  "references": [
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      "source": "cve@mitre.org",
      "tags": [
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      "url": "https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.3.2/"
    },
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  "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-319"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-494"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-798"
        }
      ],
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}


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