Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-4C53-MMM8-CF87

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-02 12:31 – Updated: 2026-10-02 12:31

Details

Zebra zebrad 4.5.0 and zebra-script 7.0.0 count P2SH redeem script signature operations in legacy mode rather than zcashd's accurate P2SH mode, overcounting CHECKMULTISIG preceded by OP_1 through OP_16 as 20 sigops and causing a consensus divergence. Remote attackers can broadcast P2SH spends using low-threshold multisig redeem scripts so that a block zcashd accepts exceeds Zebra's inflated MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS count, causing Zebra nodes to reject it and stall off the chain.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

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JSON

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-104430"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-628"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-02T12:17:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Zebra zebrad 4.5.0 and zebra-script 7.0.0 count P2SH redeem script signature operations in legacy mode rather than zcashd\u0027s accurate P2SH mode, overcounting CHECKMULTISIG preceded by OP_1 through OP_16 as 20 sigops and causing a consensus divergence. Remote attackers can broadcast P2SH spends using low-threshold multisig redeem scripts so that a block zcashd accepts exceeds Zebra\u0027s inflated MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS count, causing Zebra nodes to reject it and stall off the chain.",
  "id": "GHSA-4c53-mmm8-cf87",
  "modified": "2026-10-02T12:31:15Z",
  "published": "2026-10-02T12:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security/advisories/GHSA-2prc-cj5x-4443"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-104430"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zebra-4.5.0-consensus-split-via-p2sh-sigop-overcount"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2026-104430 (GCVE-0-2026-104430)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-02 11:38 – Updated: 2026-10-02 15:17

Title

Zebra 4.5.0 Consensus Split via P2SH Sigop Overcount

Summary

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-02 15:17 UTC

CWE

CWE-628 - Function Call with Incorrectly Specified Arguments

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root Scorecard

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security…	vendor-advisory
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zebra-4.5.0-…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
ZcashFoundation	zebra	Affected: 4.5.0 , < 4.5.1 (semver) Unaffected: 4.5.1 (semver)
ZcashFoundation	zebra	Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.1 (semver) Unaffected: 7.0.1 (semver)

Date Public

2026-06-01 00:00

Credits

sangsoo-osec

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-104430",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-02T15:17:26.296433Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-02T15:17:44.203Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageURL": "pkg:cargo/zebrad",
          "product": "zebra",
          "vendor": "ZcashFoundation",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.5.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.5.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "4.5.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageURL": "pkg:cargo/zebra-script",
          "product": "zebra",
          "vendor": "ZcashFoundation",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "7.0.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.0.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:zfnd:zebra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.5.1",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.5.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:zfnd:zebra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.1",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "7.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "sangsoo-osec"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Zebra zebrad 4.5.0 and zebra-script 7.0.0 count P2SH redeem script signature operations in legacy mode rather than zcashd\u0027s accurate P2SH mode, overcounting CHECKMULTISIG preceded by OP_1 through OP_16 as 20 sigops and causing a consensus divergence. Remote attackers can broadcast P2SH spends using low-threshold multisig redeem scripts so that a block zcashd accepts exceeds Zebra\u0027s inflated MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS count, causing Zebra nodes to reject it and stall off the chain."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-628",
              "description": "Function Call with Incorrectly Specified Arguments",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-02T11:38:09.916Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-2prc-cj5x-4443)",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security/advisories/GHSA-2prc-cj5x-4443"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Zebra 4.5.0 Consensus Split via P2SH Sigop Overcount",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zebra-4.5.0-consensus-split-via-p2sh-sigop-overcount"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Zebra 4.5.0 Consensus Split via P2SH Sigop Overcount",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-104430",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-02T11:38:09.916Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-02T00:50:26.603Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-02T15:17:44.203Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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GHSA-4C53-MMM8-CF87

CVE-2026-104430 (GCVE-0-2026-104430)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour