GHSA-72QJ-48G4-5XGX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-07 17:32 – Updated: 2026-01-21 16:54
VLAI
Summary
JRuby-OpenSSL has hostname verification disabled by default
Details

Summary

When verifying SSL certificates, jruby-openssl is not verifying that the hostname presented in the certificate matches the one we are trying to connect to, meaning a MITM could just present any valid cert for a completely different domain they own, and JRuby wouldn't complain.

Details

n/a

PoC

An example domain bad.substitutealert.com was created to present the a certificate for the domain s8a.me. The following script run in IRB in CRuby 3.4.3 will fail with certificate verify failed (hostname mismatch), but will work just fine in JRuby 10.0.0.0 and JRuby 9.4.2.0, both of which use jruby-openssl version 0.15.3

require "net/http"
require "openssl"

uri   = URI("https://bad.substitutealert.com/")
https = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
https.use_ssl      = true
https.verify_mode  = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER

body = https.start { https.get(uri.request_uri).body }
puts body

Impact

Anybody using JRuby to make requests of external APIs, or scraping the web, that depends on https to connect securely

Severity
5.7 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "rubygems:jruby-openssl"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.12.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.15.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jruby:jruby"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jruby:jruby"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.3.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.4.12.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "jruby-openssl"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.12.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.15.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-46551"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295",
      "CWE-297"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-07T17:32:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-07T17:15:58Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nWhen verifying SSL certificates, jruby-openssl is not verifying that the hostname presented in the certificate matches the one we are trying to connect to, meaning a MITM could just present _any_ valid cert for a completely different domain they own, and JRuby wouldn\u0027t complain. \n\n### Details\nn/a\n\n### PoC\nAn example domain bad.substitutealert.com was created to present the a certificate for the domain s8a.me. The following script run in IRB in CRuby 3.4.3 will fail with `certificate verify failed (hostname mismatch)`, but will work just fine in JRuby 10.0.0.0 and JRuby 9.4.2.0, both of which use jruby-openssl version 0.15.3\n\n```ruby\nrequire \"net/http\"\nrequire \"openssl\"\n\nuri   = URI(\"https://bad.substitutealert.com/\")\nhttps = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)\nhttps.use_ssl      = true\nhttps.verify_mode  = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER\n\nbody = https.start { https.get(uri.request_uri).body }\nputs body\n```\n\n### Impact\nAnybody using JRuby to make requests of external APIs, or scraping the web, that depends on https to connect securely",
  "id": "GHSA-72qj-48g4-5xgx",
  "modified": "2026-01-21T16:54:31Z",
  "published": "2025-05-07T17:32:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jruby/jruby-openssl/security/advisories/GHSA-72qj-48g4-5xgx"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46551"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jruby/jruby-openssl/commit/31a56d690ce9b8af47af09aaaf809081949ed285"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jruby/jruby-openssl/commit/b1fc5d645c0d90891b8865925ac1c15e3f15a055"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jruby/jruby-openssl"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/jruby-openssl/CVE-2025-46551.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "JRuby-OpenSSL has hostname verification disabled by default"
}



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