Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-7JM9-29FH-9VRX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-30 12:31 – Updated: 2026-07-30 06:32

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

usb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactor bind path to use __free()

After an bind/unbind cycle, the ecm->notify_req is left stale. If a subsequent bind fails, the unified error label attempts to free this stale request, leading to a NULL pointer dereference when accessing ep->ops->free_request.

Refactor the error handling in the bind path to use the __free() automatic cleanup mechanism.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-40093"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-30T10:15:33Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactor bind path to use __free()\n\nAfter an bind/unbind cycle, the ecm-\u003enotify_req is left stale. If a\nsubsequent bind fails, the unified error label attempts to free this\nstale request, leading to a NULL pointer dereference when accessing\nep-\u003eops-\u003efree_request.\n\nRefactor the error handling in the bind path to use the __free()\nautomatic cleanup mechanism.",
  "id": "GHSA-7jm9-29fh-9vrx",
  "modified": "2026-07-30T06:32:15Z",
  "published": "2025-10-30T12:31:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40093"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/070f341d86cf2c098d63e484a86c7c1d2696a868"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15b9faf53ba8719700596e7ef78879ce200e8c2e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42988380ac67c76bb9dff8f77d7ef3eefd50b7b5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4630c68bade82f087eaaab22e9a361da2f18d139"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3745aaef19198d0c81637a7dd50ef53c4f879b7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-40093 (GCVE-0-2025-40093)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-30 09:48 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:07

Title

usb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactor bind path to use __free()

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactor bind path to use __free() After an bind/unbind cycle, the ecm->notify_req is left stale. If a subsequent bind fails, the unified error label attempts to free this stale request, leading to a NULL pointer dereference when accessing ep->ops->free_request. Refactor the error handling in the bind path to use the __free() automatic cleanup mechanism.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3745aaef19198d0c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/070f341d86cf2c098…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/15b9faf53ba871970…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4630c68bade82f087…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42988380ac67c76bb…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee , < d3745aaef19198d0c81637a7dd50ef53c4f879b7 (git) Affected: da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee , < 070f341d86cf2c098d63e484a86c7c1d2696a868 (git) Affected: da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee , < 15b9faf53ba8719700596e7ef78879ce200e8c2e (git) Affected: da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee , < 4630c68bade82f087eaaab22e9a361da2f18d139 (git) Affected: da741b8c56d612b5dd26ffa31341911a5fea23ee , < 42988380ac67c76bb9dff8f77d7ef3eefd50b7b5 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 2.6.27 Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.27 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.158 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.114 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.55 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.5 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_ecm.c"
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              "versionType": "semver"
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              "status": "unaffected",
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          "nodes": [
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactor bind path to use __free()\n\nAfter an bind/unbind cycle, the ecm-\u003enotify_req is left stale. If a\nsubsequent bind fails, the unified error label attempts to free this\nstale request, leading to a NULL pointer dereference when accessing\nep-\u003eops-\u003efree_request.\n\nRefactor the error handling in the bind path to use the __free()\nautomatic cleanup mechanism."
        }
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            "version": "3.1"
          },
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The entire bind/unbind/re-bind sequence that creates and then dereferences the stale `ecm-\u003enotify_req` is driven by local writes to `/sys/kernel/config/usb_gadget/\u003cg\u003e/UDC` and the function/config symlinks; no USB host traffic, cable event, or physical port access is required, so the bug is reachable purely through local filesystem/syscall access.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically controls every step \u2014 the successful first bind, the unbind that leaves `ecm-\u003enotify_req`/`ecm-\u003enotify` dangling, and the forced failure of the next bind by exhausting `usb_interface_id()` (MAX_CONFIG_INTERFACES) or `usb_ep_autoconfig()` via extra functions linked into the config between cycles \u2014 plus the heap spray that reclaims the freed `usb_request`. No race or condition outside attacker control is involved.\nPR:L - `gadget_dev_desc_UDC_store()` and `ecm_bind()` perform no capability check at all; access is gated only by configfs file permissions, and on Android and embedded/industrial deployments the USB gadget configfs tree is routinely delegated to non-root system/daemon accounts that switch tethering (ECM/NCM/RNDIS) functions.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all configfs writes itself; no victim action, cable plug event, or interaction with another user is needed to reach the stale free.\nS:U - The dangling-pointer free and subsequent heap corruption stay within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `kfree(ecm-\u003enotify_req-\u003ebuf)` reads a pointer out of the reclaimed `struct dummy_request`/`dwc3_request` slab and `usb_ep_free_request()` reads `ep-\u003eops` out of a potentially freed `struct usb_ep`, so an attacker who grooms those generic kmalloc caches gains object-overlap and arbitrary-free primitives readily converted into kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `kfree()` of an attacker-controlled pointer read from the freed request, a double free of the `usb_request` itself, and an indirect call through a reclaimable `ep-\u003eops` table together yield classic heap-corruption primitives leading to arbitrary write and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The directly observed effect is a kernel oops \u2014 NULL/garbage `ep-\u003eops` dereference in `usb_ep_free_request()` \u2014 and the double free independently causes slab corruption and panic, which an unprivileged holder of the configfs tree can trigger repeatedly."
            }
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        }
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:44.429Z",
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/42988380ac67c76bb9dff8f77d7ef3eefd50b7b5"
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      "title": "usb: gadget: f_ecm: Refactor bind path to use __free()",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40093",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-30T09:48:00.807Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.163Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:44.429Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.