Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-87PP-X9F9-85HX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-15 06:32 – Updated: 2026-08-17 06:33

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

xfrm: xfrm_interface: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink

xfrmi_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the interface link netns xi->net. They differ once the device is created in or moved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl changelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a caller privileged there but not in xi->net can rewrite an interface that lives in xi->net.

Gate xfrmi_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top, before any attribute is parsed.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-72136"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-15T06:21:31Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: xfrm_interface: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink\n\nxfrmi_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the\ninterface link netns xi-\u003enet. They differ once the device is created in\nor moved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in xi-\u003enet can rewrite an interface that\nlives in xi-\u003enet.\n\nGate xfrmi_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,\nbefore any attribute is parsed.",
  "id": "GHSA-87pp-x9f9-85hx",
  "modified": "2026-08-17T06:33:12Z",
  "published": "2026-08-15T06:32:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72136"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/04c1aa57d08471b1953bf27c84ac9b3d78d71831"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/095515d89b19b6cc19dfcdc846f97403ed1ebce3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37b61946d278c7deb0d40ba8f2b6fc0478d61dab"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ba2b2ef7d6a63b190f15cfc2b4ba0fba59928ea"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80ec68bba11f7f387c0e4099c2d7b2c84943eb99"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ca2a19a987a7d1cb4c916ed9723a1c6993b4276"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdfd1c21d90e628a58a9de79e024cdfcbedfa15c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9c90756f10da334fb31552e52c61f1dba69f491"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2026-72136 (GCVE-0-2026-72136)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-15 05:53 – Updated: 2026-08-17 05:40

Title

xfrm: xfrm_interface: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: xfrm_interface: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink xfrmi_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the interface link netns xi->net. They differ once the device is created in or moved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl changelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a caller privileged there but not in xi->net can rewrite an interface that lives in xi->net. Gate xfrmi_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top, before any attribute is parsed.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

8 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/04c1aa57d08471b19…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdfd1c21d90e628a5…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80ec68bba11f7f387…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9c90756f10da334f…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37b61946d278c7deb…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ca2a19a987a7d1cb…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ba2b2ef7d6a63b19…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/095515d89b19b6cc1…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e , < 04c1aa57d08471b1953bf27c84ac9b3d78d71831 (git) Affected: f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e , < bdfd1c21d90e628a58a9de79e024cdfcbedfa15c (git) Affected: f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e , < 80ec68bba11f7f387c0e4099c2d7b2c84943eb99 (git) Affected: f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e , < e9c90756f10da334fb31552e52c61f1dba69f491 (git) Affected: f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e , < 37b61946d278c7deb0d40ba8f2b6fc0478d61dab (git) Affected: f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e , < 8ca2a19a987a7d1cb4c916ed9723a1c6993b4276 (git) Affected: f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e , < 3ba2b2ef7d6a63b190f15cfc2b4ba0fba59928ea (git) Affected: f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e , < 095515d89b19b6cc19dfcdc846f97403ed1ebce3 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 4.19 Unaffected: 0 , < 4.19 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.261 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.212 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.178 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.145 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.97 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.40 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1.5 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_interface_core.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "04c1aa57d08471b1953bf27c84ac9b3d78d71831",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "bdfd1c21d90e628a58a9de79e024cdfcbedfa15c",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "80ec68bba11f7f387c0e4099c2d7b2c84943eb99",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "e9c90756f10da334fb31552e52c61f1dba69f491",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "37b61946d278c7deb0d40ba8f2b6fc0478d61dab",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "8ca2a19a987a7d1cb4c916ed9723a1c6993b4276",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3ba2b2ef7d6a63b190f15cfc2b4ba0fba59928ea",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "095515d89b19b6cc19dfcdc846f97403ed1ebce3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "f203b76d78092faf248db3f851840fbecf80b40e",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/xfrm/xfrm_interface_core.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.19"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.19",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.261",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.212",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.178",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.145",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.97",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.40",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.261",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.212",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.178",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.145",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.97",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.40",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: xfrm_interface: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink\n\nxfrmi_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the\ninterface link netns xi-\u003enet. They differ once the device is created in\nor moved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in xi-\u003enet can rewrite an interface that\nlives in xi-\u003enet.\n\nGate xfrmi_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,\nbefore any attribute is parsed."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
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            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires a local RTM_NEWLINK changelink over an rtnetlink/netlink socket (rtnl_newlink \u2192 rtnl_changelink \u2192 xfrmi_changelink); this is a netlink configuration path, not remote packet handling, matching kernel Local guidance.\nAC:L - Once a cross-namespace xfrmi exists (dev_net(dev) \u2260 xi-\u003enet via IFLA_LINK_NETNSID creation or netns migration), bypassing the missing check is one deterministic changelink with attacker-chosen IFLA_XFRM_IF_ID; no race, timing, or layout dependency.\nPR:L - rtnl_link_get_net_capable() only requires CAP_NET_ADMIN in dev_net(dev), obtainable by an unprivileged user via user+network namespaces (unshare -Urn / map-root-user); CAP_NET_ADMIN in the sticky link netns xi-\u003enet is not required.\nUI:N - The attack is fully programmatic from the attacker\u0027s own process through netlink; no victim action such as mounting a filesystem, opening a file, or clicking is required.\nS:C - Privilege is checked against dev_net(dev) while xfrmi_changelink/xfrmi_update mutate live xfrm interface state in xi-\u003enet (hash unlink/relink, if_id binding), crossing from the attacker\u0027s net/user namespace into another tenant\u0027s or the host network namespace.\nC:H - Changing IFLA_XFRM_IF_ID in xi-\u003enet retargets xfrmi_lookup/xfrm_lookup_with_ifid so host IPsec SAs can deliver decrypted VPN cleartext to the attacker-controlled netdev in dev_net(dev), exposing confidential tunneled traffic.\nI:H - Unauthorized changelink rewrites live xfrm interface parameters and xi-\u003enet registration, enabling redirection or injection of IPsec encapsulation/decapsulation paths on Internet-facing VPN gateways and cloud IPsec endpoints.\nA:H - xfrmi_update() runs synchronize_net() and netdev_state_change(); breaking or rebinding if_id mapping disrupts production IPsec/VTI/xfrmi VPN paths, causing sustained loss of encrypted tunnel connectivity."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:40:46.616Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/04c1aa57d08471b1953bf27c84ac9b3d78d71831"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bdfd1c21d90e628a58a9de79e024cdfcbedfa15c"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/80ec68bba11f7f387c0e4099c2d7b2c84943eb99"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9c90756f10da334fb31552e52c61f1dba69f491"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37b61946d278c7deb0d40ba8f2b6fc0478d61dab"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ca2a19a987a7d1cb4c916ed9723a1c6993b4276"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ba2b2ef7d6a63b190f15cfc2b4ba0fba59928ea"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/095515d89b19b6cc19dfcdc846f97403ed1ebce3"
        }
      ],
      "title": "xfrm: xfrm_interface: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-72136",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:53:11.072Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.908Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:40:46.616Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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GHSA-87PP-X9F9-85HX

CVE-2026-72136 (GCVE-0-2026-72136)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour