ghsa-cf56-g6w6-pqq2
Vulnerability from github
5.3 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
Summary
The twisted.web.util.redirectTo function contains an HTML injection vulnerability. If application code allows an attacker to control the redirect URL this vulnerability may result in Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in the redirect response HTML body.
Details
Twisted’s redirectTo function generates an HTTP 302 Redirect response. The response contains an HTML body, built for exceptional cases where the browser doesn’t properly handle the redirect, allowing the user to click a link, navigating them to the specified destination.
The function reflects the destination URL in the HTML body without any output encoding. ```python
https://github.com/twisted/twisted/blob/trunk/src/twisted/web/_template_util.py#L88
def redirectTo(URL: bytes, request: IRequest) -> bytes: # ---snip--- content = b"""
click here""" % { b"url": URL } return content ```
If an attacker has full or partial control over redirect location due to an application bug, also known as an “Open Redirect”, they may inject arbitrary HTML into the response’s body, ultimately leading to an XSS attack.
It’s worth noting that the issue is known to maintainers and tracked with GitHub Issue#9839. The issue description, however, does not make any mention of exploitability and simply states: “…Browsers don't seem to actually render that page…”
PoC
The issue can be reproduced by running the following Twisted-based HTTP server locally: ```python from twisted.web import server, resource from twisted.internet import reactor from twisted.web.util import redirectTo
class Simple(resource.Resource): isLeaf = True def render_GET(self, request): url = request.args[b'url'][0] # <-- open redirect return redirectTo(url, request)
site = server.Site(Simple())
reactor.listenTCP(9009, site)
reactor.run()
``
Once running, navigate to the following URL:http://127.0.0.1:9009?url=ws://example.com/">`, and verify that the “alert” dialog was displayed.
Note: Due to the different ways browsers validate the redirect Location header, this attack is possible only in Firefox. All other tested browsers will display an error message to the user and will not render the HTML body.
Impact
If successfully exploited, the issue will allow malicious JavaScript to run in the context of the victim's session. This will in turn lead to unauthorized access/modification to victim's account and information associated with it, or allow for unauthorized operations to be performed within the context of the victim's session.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 24.3.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "twisted"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "24.7.0rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41810"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-29T17:29:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-29T16:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe `twisted.web.util.redirectTo` function contains an HTML injection vulnerability. If application code allows an attacker to control the redirect URL this vulnerability may result in Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in the redirect response HTML body.\n\n### Details\nTwisted\u2019s `redirectTo` function generates an `HTTP 302 Redirect` response. The response contains an HTML body, built for exceptional cases where the browser doesn\u2019t properly handle the redirect, allowing the user to click a link, navigating them to the specified destination.\n\nThe function reflects the destination URL in the HTML body without any output encoding. \n```python\n# https://github.com/twisted/twisted/blob/trunk/src/twisted/web/_template_util.py#L88\ndef redirectTo(URL: bytes, request: IRequest) -\u003e bytes:\n # ---snip---\n content = b\"\"\"\n\u003chtml\u003e\n \u003chead\u003e\n \u003cmeta http-equiv=\\\"refresh\\\" content=\\\"0;URL=%(url)s\\\"\u003e\n \u003c/head\u003e\n \u003cbody bgcolor=\\\"#FFFFFF\\\" text=\\\"#000000\\\"\u003e\n \u003ca href=\\\"%(url)s\\\"\u003eclick here\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003c/body\u003e\n\u003c/html\u003e\n\"\"\" % {\n b\"url\": URL\n }\n return content\n```\n\nIf an attacker has full or partial control over redirect location due to an application bug, also known as an \u201cOpen Redirect\u201d, they may inject arbitrary HTML into the response\u2019s body, ultimately leading to an XSS attack.\n\nIt\u2019s worth noting that the issue is known to maintainers and tracked with GitHub [Issue#9839](https://github.com/twisted/twisted/issues/9839). The issue description, however, does not make any mention of exploitability and simply states: \u201c\u2026Browsers don\u0027t seem to actually render that page\u2026\u201d\n\n### PoC\nThe issue can be reproduced by running the following Twisted-based HTTP server locally:\n```python\nfrom twisted.web import server, resource\nfrom twisted.internet import reactor\nfrom twisted.web.util import redirectTo\n\nclass Simple(resource.Resource):\n isLeaf = True\n def render_GET(self, request):\n url = request.args[b\u0027url\u0027][0] # \u003c-- open redirect\n return redirectTo(url, request)\n\nsite = server.Site(Simple())\nreactor.listenTCP(9009, site)\nreactor.run()\n```\nOnce running, navigate to the following URL: `http://127.0.0.1:9009?url=ws://example.com/\"\u003e\u003cscript\u003ealert(document.location)\u003c/script\u003e`, and verify that the \u201calert\u201d dialog was displayed.\n\n**Note**: Due to the different ways browsers validate the redirect Location header, this attack is possible only in **Firefox**. All other tested browsers will display an error message to the user and will not render the HTML body.\n\n### Impact\nIf successfully exploited, the issue will allow malicious JavaScript to run in the context of the victim\u0027s session. This will in turn lead to unauthorized access/modification to victim\u0027s account and information associated with it, or allow for unauthorized operations to be performed within the context of the victim\u0027s session.",
"id": "GHSA-cf56-g6w6-pqq2",
"modified": "2024-09-11T21:37:53Z",
"published": "2024-07-29T17:29:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/twisted/twisted/security/advisories/GHSA-cf56-g6w6-pqq2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/twisted/twisted/commit/046a164f89a0f08d3239ecebd750360f8914df33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/twisted/PYSEC-2024-75.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/twisted/twisted"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Twisted vulnerable to HTML injection in HTTP redirect body"
}
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
- Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.