Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-G4FW-GV65-XH5G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-25 12:31 – Updated: 2026-09-25 12:31

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

x86/alternatives: Exclude text poking against change_page_attr()

From time to time, the following BUG can be observed in the x86 alternatives patching code [0]:

kernel BUG at arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c:2576! Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 355 Comm: (udev-worker) Not tainted 7.1.3-1-default #1 PREEMPT(full) openSUSE Tumbleweed 8c1795b03ec64f997e57a8ad38b1161e3b98da64 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS unknown 02/02/2022 RIP: 0010:__text_poke+0x2aa/0x450 Call Trace: smp_text_poke_batch_finish+0x2a7/0x320 __static_call_transform+0xb7/0x220 arch_static_call_transform+0x5b/0xb0 __static_call_init+0xe9/0x270 static_call_module_notify+0x11f/0x150 notifier_call_chain+0x61/0xe0 blocking_notifier_call_chain_robust+0x63/0xc0 load_module+0x1c92/0x20c0 init_module_from_file+0xd8/0x140 idempotent_init_module+0x100/0x2f0 __x64_sys_finit_module+0x71/0xe0 do_syscall_64+0xe1/0x610 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

which matches the following BUG_ON() in alternative.c:

/*
 * If something went wrong, crash and burn since recovery paths are not
 * implemented.
 */
BUG_ON(!pages[0] || (cross_page_boundary && !pages[1]));

This can happen if vmalloc_to_page() fails, for any reason. Such can happen if text poking races with CPA, which can possibly result in the collapsing of page tables (or breaking of PMD hugepages). It is not a problem for most users of vmalloc_to_page() (they solely own the vmalloc'd range) but, when CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_EXECMEM_ROX=y, various modules own a single execmem vmalloc range, and can call set_memory_*() in parallel on it. This can happen to race against __text_poke and cause havoc in vmalloc_to_page().

Fix it by excluding against CPA using the init_mm mmap read lock.

[ dhansen: Fix up SoB ordering. The actual code flow here was: Pedro=>Lorenzo=>Mike=>Me which is reflected in the SoB chain now. I believe Mike simply picked up Lorenzo's update to Pedro's post from the Link ]

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-97942"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-25T11:17:21Z",
    "severity": null
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/alternatives: Exclude text poking against change_page_attr()\n\nFrom time to time, the following BUG can be observed\nin the x86 alternatives patching code [0]:\n\n  \u003e kernel BUG at arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c:2576!\n  \u003e Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n  \u003e CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 355 Comm: (udev-worker) Not tainted 7.1.3-1-default #1 PREEMPT(full) openSUSE Tumbleweed  8c1795b03ec64f997e57a8ad38b1161e3b98da64\n  \u003e Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS unknown 02/02/2022\n  \u003e RIP: 0010:__text_poke+0x2aa/0x450\n  \u003e Call Trace:\n  \u003e  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  \u003e  smp_text_poke_batch_finish+0x2a7/0x320\n  \u003e  __static_call_transform+0xb7/0x220\n  \u003e  arch_static_call_transform+0x5b/0xb0\n  \u003e  __static_call_init+0xe9/0x270\n  \u003e  static_call_module_notify+0x11f/0x150\n  \u003e  notifier_call_chain+0x61/0xe0\n  \u003e  blocking_notifier_call_chain_robust+0x63/0xc0\n  \u003e  load_module+0x1c92/0x20c0\n  \u003e  init_module_from_file+0xd8/0x140\n  \u003e  idempotent_init_module+0x100/0x2f0\n  \u003e  __x64_sys_finit_module+0x71/0xe0\n  \u003e  do_syscall_64+0xe1/0x610\n  \u003e  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nwhich matches the following BUG_ON() in alternative.c:\n\n\t/*\n\t * If something went wrong, crash and burn since recovery paths are not\n\t * implemented.\n\t */\n\tBUG_ON(!pages[0] || (cross_page_boundary \u0026\u0026 !pages[1]));\n\nThis can happen if vmalloc_to_page() fails, for any reason. Such can happen\nif text poking races with CPA, which can possibly result in the collapsing\nof page tables (or breaking of PMD hugepages). It is not a problem for most\nusers of vmalloc_to_page() (they solely own the vmalloc\u0027d range) but, when\nCONFIG_ARCH_HAS_EXECMEM_ROX=y, various modules own a single execmem vmalloc\nrange, and can call set_memory_*() in parallel on it. This can happen to\nrace against __text_poke and cause havoc in vmalloc_to_page().\n\nFix it by excluding against CPA using the init_mm mmap read lock.\n\n[ dhansen: Fix up SoB ordering. The actual code flow here was:\n\t   Pedro=\u003eLorenzo=\u003eMike=\u003eMe which is reflected in the SoB chain\n\t   now. I *believe* Mike simply picked up Lorenzo\u0027s update to\n\t   Pedro\u0027s post from the Link ]",
  "id": "GHSA-g4fw-gv65-xh5g",
  "modified": "2026-09-25T12:31:29Z",
  "published": "2026-09-25T12:31:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-97942"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1587d3394e254639cc36516256031334095e6ef3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/281e6f536f2f3f95d91938c5bd7ba9bcb4c1049d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89c60435b90d32ab5e3a39da3ae73d463d07debe"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

CVE-2026-97942 (GCVE-0-2026-97942)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-25 10:22 – Updated: 2026-09-25 10:22

Title

x86/alternatives: Exclude text poking against change_page_attr()

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/alternatives: Exclude text poking against change_page_attr() From time to time, the following BUG can be observed in the x86 alternatives patching code [0]: > kernel BUG at arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c:2576! > Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI > CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 355 Comm: (udev-worker) Not tainted 7.1.3-1-default #1 PREEMPT(full) openSUSE Tumbleweed 8c1795b03ec64f997e57a8ad38b1161e3b98da64 > Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS unknown 02/02/2022 > RIP: 0010:__text_poke+0x2aa/0x450 > Call Trace: > <TASK> > smp_text_poke_batch_finish+0x2a7/0x320 > __static_call_transform+0xb7/0x220 > arch_static_call_transform+0x5b/0xb0 > __static_call_init+0xe9/0x270 > static_call_module_notify+0x11f/0x150 > notifier_call_chain+0x61/0xe0 > blocking_notifier_call_chain_robust+0x63/0xc0 > load_module+0x1c92/0x20c0 > init_module_from_file+0xd8/0x140 > idempotent_init_module+0x100/0x2f0 > __x64_sys_finit_module+0x71/0xe0 > do_syscall_64+0xe1/0x610 > entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e which matches the following BUG_ON() in alternative.c: /* * If something went wrong, crash and burn since recovery paths are not * implemented. */ BUG_ON(!pages[0] || (cross_page_boundary && !pages[1])); This can happen if vmalloc_to_page() fails, for any reason. Such can happen if text poking races with CPA, which can possibly result in the collapsing of page tables (or breaking of PMD hugepages). It is not a problem for most users of vmalloc_to_page() (they solely own the vmalloc'd range) but, when CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_EXECMEM_ROX=y, various modules own a single execmem vmalloc range, and can call set_memory_*() in parallel on it. This can happen to race against __text_poke and cause havoc in vmalloc_to_page(). Fix it by excluding against CPA using the init_mm mmap read lock. [ dhansen: Fix up SoB ordering. The actual code flow here was: Pedro=>Lorenzo=>Mike=>Me which is reflected in the SoB chain now. I *believe* Mike simply picked up Lorenzo's update to Pedro's post from the Link ]

Severity

No CVSS data available.

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/281e6f536f2f3f95d…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89c60435b90d32ab5…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1587d3394e254639c…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 64f6a4e10c05ed527f0f24b7954964255e0d3535 , < 281e6f536f2f3f95d91938c5bd7ba9bcb4c1049d (git) Affected: 64f6a4e10c05ed527f0f24b7954964255e0d3535 , < 89c60435b90d32ab5e3a39da3ae73d463d07debe (git) Affected: 64f6a4e10c05ed527f0f24b7954964255e0d3535 , < 1587d3394e254639cc36516256031334095e6ef3 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 6.15 Unaffected: 0 , < 6.15 (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.53 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2.7 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.3-rc4 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

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JSON

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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "281e6f536f2f3f95d91938c5bd7ba9bcb4c1049d",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "64f6a4e10c05ed527f0f24b7954964255e0d3535",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "89c60435b90d32ab5e3a39da3ae73d463d07debe",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "64f6a4e10c05ed527f0f24b7954964255e0d3535",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "1587d3394e254639cc36516256031334095e6ef3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "64f6a4e10c05ed527f0f24b7954964255e0d3535",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.15"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6.15",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.53",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.7",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3-rc4",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.53",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.7",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.3-rc4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/alternatives: Exclude text poking against change_page_attr()\n\nFrom time to time, the following BUG can be observed\nin the x86 alternatives patching code [0]:\n\n  \u003e kernel BUG at arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c:2576!\n  \u003e Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n  \u003e CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 355 Comm: (udev-worker) Not tainted 7.1.3-1-default #1 PREEMPT(full) openSUSE Tumbleweed  8c1795b03ec64f997e57a8ad38b1161e3b98da64\n  \u003e Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS unknown 02/02/2022\n  \u003e RIP: 0010:__text_poke+0x2aa/0x450\n  \u003e Call Trace:\n  \u003e  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  \u003e  smp_text_poke_batch_finish+0x2a7/0x320\n  \u003e  __static_call_transform+0xb7/0x220\n  \u003e  arch_static_call_transform+0x5b/0xb0\n  \u003e  __static_call_init+0xe9/0x270\n  \u003e  static_call_module_notify+0x11f/0x150\n  \u003e  notifier_call_chain+0x61/0xe0\n  \u003e  blocking_notifier_call_chain_robust+0x63/0xc0\n  \u003e  load_module+0x1c92/0x20c0\n  \u003e  init_module_from_file+0xd8/0x140\n  \u003e  idempotent_init_module+0x100/0x2f0\n  \u003e  __x64_sys_finit_module+0x71/0xe0\n  \u003e  do_syscall_64+0xe1/0x610\n  \u003e  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nwhich matches the following BUG_ON() in alternative.c:\n\n\t/*\n\t * If something went wrong, crash and burn since recovery paths are not\n\t * implemented.\n\t */\n\tBUG_ON(!pages[0] || (cross_page_boundary \u0026\u0026 !pages[1]));\n\nThis can happen if vmalloc_to_page() fails, for any reason. Such can happen\nif text poking races with CPA, which can possibly result in the collapsing\nof page tables (or breaking of PMD hugepages). It is not a problem for most\nusers of vmalloc_to_page() (they solely own the vmalloc\u0027d range) but, when\nCONFIG_ARCH_HAS_EXECMEM_ROX=y, various modules own a single execmem vmalloc\nrange, and can call set_memory_*() in parallel on it. This can happen to\nrace against __text_poke and cause havoc in vmalloc_to_page().\n\nFix it by excluding against CPA using the init_mm mmap read lock.\n\n[ dhansen: Fix up SoB ordering. The actual code flow here was:\n\t   Pedro=\u003eLorenzo=\u003eMike=\u003eMe which is reflected in the SoB chain\n\t   now. I *believe* Mike simply picked up Lorenzo\u0027s update to\n\t   Pedro\u0027s post from the Link ]"
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-25T10:22:54.188Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/281e6f536f2f3f95d91938c5bd7ba9bcb4c1049d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89c60435b90d32ab5e3a39da3ae73d463d07debe"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1587d3394e254639cc36516256031334095e6ef3"
        }
      ],
      "title": "x86/alternatives: Exclude text poking against change_page_attr()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-97942",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-25T10:22:54.188Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:18:58.204Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-25T10:22:54.188Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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GHSA-G4FW-GV65-XH5G

CVE-2026-97942 (GCVE-0-2026-97942)

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