{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "nuxt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.6.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.19.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "nuxt"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59414"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-17T20:42:28Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-17T19:15:47Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nA client-side path traversal vulnerability in Nuxt\u0027s Island payload revival mechanism allowed attackers to manipulate client-side requests to different endpoints within the same application domain when specific prerendering conditions are met.\n\n### Technical Details\n\nThe vulnerability occurs in the client-side payload revival process (revive-payload.client.ts) where Nuxt Islands are automatically fetched when encountering serialized `__nuxt_island` objects. The issue affects the following flow:\n\n1. During prerendering, if an API endpoint returns user-controlled data containing a crafted `__nuxt_island` object\n2. This data gets serialized with `devalue.stringify` and stored in the prerendered page\n3. When a client navigates to the prerendered page, `devalue.parse` deserializes the payload\n4. The Island reviver attempts to fetch `/__nuxt_island/${key}.json` where `key` could contain path traversal sequences\n\n### Prerequisites for Exploitation\n\nThis vulnerability requires **all** of the following conditions:\n\n1. **Prerendered pages**: The application must use Nuxt\u0027s prerendering feature (`nitro.prerender`)\n2. **Attacker-controlled API responses**: The attacker must be able to control the response content of an API endpoint that is called during prerendering via `useFetch`, `useAsyncData`, or similar composables\n3. **Client-side navigation**: A user must navigate to the prerendered page (not during initial SSR hydration)\n\n### Attack Scenario\n\n```javascript\n// Malicious API response during prerendering\n{\n  \"__nuxt_island\": {\n    \"key\": \"../../../../internal/service\",\n    \"params\": { \"action\": \"probe\" }\n  }\n}\n```\n\nThis could cause the client to make requests to `/__nuxt_island/../../../../internal/service.json` if path traversal is not properly handled by the server.\n\n### Impact Assessment\n\n- **Limited Impact**: The vulnerability has a low severity due to the highly specific prerequisites\n- **No Direct Data Exfiltration**: The vulnerability does not directly expose sensitive data\n- **Client-Side Only**: Requests originate from the client, not the server\n\n### Mitigation\n\n**Action Required:**\n- Update to Nuxt 3.19.0+ or 4.1.0+ immediately\n- Review any prerendered pages that fetch external or user-controlled data\n\n**Temporary Workarounds** (if immediate update is not possible):\n1. Disable prerendering for pages that fetch user-controlled data\n2. Implement strict input validation on API endpoints used during prerendering\n3. Use allowlists for API response structures during prerendering\n\n### Fix Details\n\n[The fix](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/2566d2046bccb158d98fb13e42ce4b2c33fb2595) implemented validation for Island keys in `revive-payload.server.ts`:\n- Island keys must match the pattern `/^[a-z][a-z\\d-]*_[a-z\\d]+$/i`\n- Maximum length of 100 characters\n- Prevents path traversal and special characters",
  "id": "GHSA-p6jq-8vc4-79f6",
  "modified": "2025-09-18T13:04:21Z",
  "published": "2025-09-17T20:42:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/GHSA-p6jq-8vc4-79f6"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59414"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/2566d2046bccb158d98fb13e42ce4b2c33fb2595"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Nuxt has Client-Side Path Traversal in Nuxt Island Payload Revival"
}