Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-W757-4QV9-MGHP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 19:01 – Updated: 2026-01-14 21:44

Summary

openc3-api Vulnerable to Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution

Details

Summary

OpenC3 COSMOS contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability reachable through the JSON-RPC API. When a JSON-RPC request uses the string form of certain APIs, attacker-controlled parameter text is parsed into values using String#convert_to_value. For array-like inputs, convert_to_value executes eval().

Because the cmd code path parses the command string before calling authorize(), an unauthenticated attacker can trigger Ruby code execution even though the request ultimately fails authorization (401).

Severity ?

10.0 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "openc3"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.6"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.10.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-68271"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-95"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-13T19:01:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T19:16:14Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nOpenC3 COSMOS contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability reachable through the JSON-RPC API. When a JSON-RPC request uses the string form of certain APIs, attacker-controlled parameter text is parsed into values using String#convert_to_value. For array-like inputs, convert_to_value executes eval().\n\nBecause the cmd code path parses the command string before calling authorize(), an unauthenticated attacker can trigger Ruby code execution even though the request ultimately fails authorization (401).",
  "id": "GHSA-w757-4qv9-mghp",
  "modified": "2026-01-14T21:44:52Z",
  "published": "2026-01-13T19:01:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/security/advisories/GHSA-w757-4qv9-mghp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68271"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/commit/01e9fbc5e66e9a2500b71a75a44775dd1fc2d1de"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/openc3/CVE-2025-68271.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "openc3-api Vulnerable to Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution"
}

CVE-2025-68271 (GCVE-0-2025-68271)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 18:32 – Updated: 2026-01-13 20:00

Title

Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in openc3-api

Summary

OpenC3 COSMOS provides the functionality needed to send commands to and receive data from one or more embedded systems. From 5.0.0 to 6.10.1, OpenC3 COSMOS contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability reachable through the JSON-RPC API. When a JSON-RPC request uses the string form of certain APIs, attacker-controlled parameter text is parsed into values using String#convert_to_value. For array-like inputs, convert_to_value executes eval(). Because the cmd code path parses the command string before calling authorize(), an unauthenticated attacker can trigger Ruby code execution even though the request ultimately fails authorization (401). This vulnerability is fixed in 6.10.2.

Severity ?

10 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/security/advisor…

x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	OpenC3	cosmos	Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 6.10.2

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-68271",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-01-13T20:00:14.046711Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-01-13T20:00:20.790Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "cosmos",
          "vendor": "OpenC3",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 5.0.0, \u003c 6.10.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "OpenC3 COSMOS provides the functionality needed to send commands to and receive data from one or more embedded systems. From 5.0.0 to 6.10.1, OpenC3 COSMOS contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability reachable through the JSON-RPC API. When a JSON-RPC request uses the string form of certain APIs, attacker-controlled parameter text is parsed into values using String#convert_to_value. For array-like inputs, convert_to_value executes eval(). Because the cmd code path parses the command string before calling authorize(), an unauthenticated attacker can trigger Ruby code execution even though the request ultimately fails authorization (401). This vulnerability is fixed in 6.10.2."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 10,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-95",
              "description": "CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (\u0027Eval Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-01-13T18:33:25.769Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/security/advisories/GHSA-w757-4qv9-mghp",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/OpenC3/cosmos/security/advisories/GHSA-w757-4qv9-mghp"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-w757-4qv9-mghp",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in openc3-api"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-68271",
    "datePublished": "2026-01-13T18:32:21.905Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-16T14:05:31.364Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-01-13T20:00:20.790Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

GHSA-W757-4QV9-MGHP

Summary

CVE-2025-68271 (GCVE-0-2025-68271)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature