Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-XQW5-F5F6-22VF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-27 03:34 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array

The loop that detects/populates cache information already has a bounds check on the array size but does not account for cache levels with separate data/instructions cache. Fix this by incrementing the index for any populated leaf (instead of any populated level).

Severity

7.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-21785"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-27T03:15:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\narm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array\n\nThe loop that detects/populates cache information already has a bounds\ncheck on the array size but does not account for cache levels with\nseparate data/instructions cache. Fix this by incrementing the index\nfor any populated leaf (instead of any populated level).",
  "id": "GHSA-xqw5-f5f6-22vf",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:01Z",
  "published": "2025-02-27T03:34:06Z",
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      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21785"
    },
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4371ac7b494e933fffee2bd6265d18d73c4f05aa"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ff25f0b18d1d0174c105e4620428bcdc1213860"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/715eb1af64779e1b1aa0a7b2ffb81414d9f708e5"
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      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/875d742cf5327c93cba1f11e12b08d3cce7a88d2"
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      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html"
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  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2025-21785 (GCVE-0-2025-21785)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-27 02:18 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:54

Title

arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array The loop that detects/populates cache information already has a bounds check on the array size but does not account for cache levels with separate data/instructions cache. Fix this by incrementing the index for any populated leaf (instead of any populated level).

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

10 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4371ac7b494e933ff…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4fde33107351ec33…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88a3e6afaf0022502…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ff25f0b18d1d0174…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ab90894f33c15b14c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/715eb1af64779e1b1…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67b99a2b5811df429…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/875d742cf5327c93c…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 4371ac7b494e933fffee2bd6265d18d73c4f05aa (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < e4fde33107351ec33f1a64188612fbc6ca659284 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 88a3e6afaf002250220793df99404977d343db14 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 4ff25f0b18d1d0174c105e4620428bcdc1213860 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < ab90894f33c15b14c1cee6959ab6c8dcb09127f8 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 715eb1af64779e1b1aa0a7b2ffb81414d9f708e5 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 67b99a2b5811df4294c2ad50f9bff3b6a08bd618 (git) Affected: 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 , < 875d742cf5327c93cba1f11e12b08d3cce7a88d2 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 4.0 Unaffected: 0 , < 4.0 (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.291 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.235 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.179 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.129 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.79 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.16 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.13.4 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

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              "value": "AV:L - The defect lives in arm64 CPU cacheinfo initialization, reached only through local CPU bring-up (`update_siblings_masks()`) and the CPUHP_AP_BASE_CACHEINFO_ONLINE hotplug callback on the machine itself; there is no network, adjacent-network, or remote-peer data path into `populate_cache_leaves()`.\nAC:L - On an affected platform the overflow is fully deterministic \u2014 whenever firmware (DT `cache-unified`/single `cache-size`, or ACPI PPTT `split_levels`) under-counts leaves relative to a `CLIDR_EL1` level reporting `CACHE_TYPE_SEPARATE`, the level-vs-leaf counter mismatch fires on every execution of the loop. There is no race, no timing window, and no memory-layout condition to win.\nPR:L - The vulnerable loop executes with no `capable()` check, no LSM gate, and no authentication anywhere on the path \u2014 it runs as part of normal CPU bring-up on behalf of the system, so no elevated credentials are required for the out-of-bounds write to occur; scoring at low local privilege rather than high since nothing on the path demands real root.\nUI:N - No victim action of any kind is needed \u2014 the out-of-bounds write happens autonomously during secondary-CPU initialization as part of ordinary system startup.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel\u0027s own slab allocations on the same host; no VM/hypervisor, IOMMU/DMA, or sandbox authority boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The heap out-of-bounds write clobbers `type` and `level` fields at fixed strides across up to several hundred bytes of adjacent slab objects allocated during early boot; corrupting neighbouring structures\u0027 length, index, or pointer fields is a classic route to kernel memory disclosure, so per memory-corruption guidance this is High.\nI:H - This is a direct out-of-bounds write past a `kcalloc()`\u0027d `struct cacheinfo` array, silently modifying kernel heap memory belonging to unrelated objects \u2014 out-of-bounds writes are scored High for integrity because slab corruption is the standard primitive for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - Overwriting adjacent early-boot slab objects can corrupt pointers or allocator metadata, producing an oops, panic, or unbootable system; because it occurs during CPU bring-up on affected platforms, the result is complete loss of availability of the machine."
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Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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GHSA-XQW5-F5F6-22VF

CVE-2025-21785 (GCVE-0-2025-21785)

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Nomenclature

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