gsd-2005-0001
Vulnerability from gsd
Modified
2023-12-13 01:20
Details
Race condition in the page fault handler (fault.c) for Linux kernel 2.2.x to 2.2.7, 2.4 to 2.4.29, and 2.6 to 2.6.10, when running on multiprocessor machines, allows local users to execute arbitrary code via concurrent threads that share the same virtual memory space and simultaneously request stack expansion.
Aliases
Aliases



{
  "GSD": {
    "alias": "CVE-2005-0001",
    "description": "Race condition in the page fault handler (fault.c) for Linux kernel 2.2.x to 2.2.7, 2.4 to 2.4.29, and 2.6 to 2.6.10, when running on multiprocessor machines, allows local users to execute arbitrary code via concurrent threads that share the same virtual memory space and simultaneously request stack expansion.",
    "id": "GSD-2005-0001",
    "references": [
      "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2005-0001.html",
      "https://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1082",
      "https://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1070",
      "https://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1067",
      "https://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1069",
      "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2005:092",
      "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2005:017",
      "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2005:016",
      "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/cve/CVE-2005-0001"
    ]
  },
  "gsd": {
    "metadata": {
      "exploitCode": "unknown",
      "remediation": "unknown",
      "reportConfidence": "confirmed",
      "type": "vulnerability"
    },
    "osvSchema": {
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2005-0001"
      ],
      "details": "Race condition in the page fault handler (fault.c) for Linux kernel 2.2.x to 2.2.7, 2.4 to 2.4.29, and 2.6 to 2.6.10, when running on multiprocessor machines, allows local users to execute arbitrary code via concurrent threads that share the same virtual memory space and simultaneously request stack expansion.",
      "id": "GSD-2005-0001",
      "modified": "2023-12-13T01:20:08.373384Z",
      "schema_version": "1.4.0"
    }
  },
  "namespaces": {
    "cve.org": {
      "CVE_data_meta": {
        "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
        "ID": "CVE-2005-0001",
        "STATE": "PUBLIC"
      },
      "affects": {
        "vendor": {
          "vendor_data": [
            {
              "product": {
                "product_data": [
                  {
                    "product_name": "n/a",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "version_value": "n/a"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              },
              "vendor_name": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "data_format": "MITRE",
      "data_type": "CVE",
      "data_version": "4.0",
      "description": {
        "description_data": [
          {
            "lang": "eng",
            "value": "Race condition in the page fault handler (fault.c) for Linux kernel 2.2.x to 2.2.7, 2.4 to 2.4.29, and 2.6 to 2.6.10, when running on multiprocessor machines, allows local users to execute arbitrary code via concurrent threads that share the same virtual memory space and simultaneously request stack expansion."
          }
        ]
      },
      "problemtype": {
        "problemtype_data": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "eng",
                "value": "n/a"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "references": {
        "reference_data": [
          {
            "name": "20163",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/20163"
          },
          {
            "name": "13822",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/13822"
          },
          {
            "name": "DSA-1082",
            "refsource": "DEBIAN",
            "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1082"
          },
          {
            "name": "MDKSA-2005:022",
            "refsource": "MANDRAKE",
            "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2005:022"
          },
          {
            "name": "RHSA-2005:017",
            "refsource": "REDHAT",
            "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-017.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "FLSA:2336",
            "refsource": "FEDORA",
            "url": "https://bugzilla.fedora.us/show_bug.cgi?id=2336"
          },
          {
            "name": "20050112 Linux kernel i386 SMP page fault handler privilege escalation",
            "refsource": "BUGTRAQ",
            "url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=110554694522719\u0026w=2"
          },
          {
            "name": "oval:org.mitre.oval:def:10322",
            "refsource": "OVAL",
            "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A10322"
          },
          {
            "name": "DSA-1070",
            "refsource": "DEBIAN",
            "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1070"
          },
          {
            "name": "RHSA-2005:016",
            "refsource": "REDHAT",
            "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-016.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "RHSA-2005:043",
            "refsource": "REDHAT",
            "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-043.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "2005-0001",
            "refsource": "TRUSTIX",
            "url": "http://www.trustix.org/errata/2005/0001/"
          },
          {
            "name": "RHSA-2005:092",
            "refsource": "REDHAT",
            "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-092.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "linux-fault-handler-gain-privileges(18849)",
            "refsource": "XF",
            "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/18849"
          },
          {
            "name": "DSA-1067",
            "refsource": "DEBIAN",
            "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1067"
          },
          {
            "name": "DSA-1069",
            "refsource": "DEBIAN",
            "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1069"
          },
          {
            "name": "CLA-2005:930",
            "refsource": "CONECTIVA",
            "url": "http://distro.conectiva.com.br/atualizacoes/index.php?id=a\u0026anuncio=000930"
          },
          {
            "name": "20050114 [USN-60-0] Linux kernel vulnerabilities",
            "refsource": "BUGTRAQ",
            "url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=110581146702951\u0026w=2"
          },
          {
            "name": "http://isec.pl/vulnerabilities/isec-0022-pagefault.txt",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "http://isec.pl/vulnerabilities/isec-0022-pagefault.txt"
          },
          {
            "name": "20050112 Linux kernel i386 SMP page fault handler privilege escalation",
            "refsource": "FULLDISC",
            "url": "http://lists.grok.org.uk/pipermail/full-disclosure/2005-January/030826.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "20202",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/20202"
          },
          {
            "name": "12244",
            "refsource": "BID",
            "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/12244"
          },
          {
            "name": "20338",
            "refsource": "SECUNIA",
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/20338"
          },
          {
            "name": "1012862",
            "refsource": "SECTRACK",
            "url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1012862"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "nvd.nist.gov": {
      "configurations": {
        "CVE_data_version": "4.0",
        "nodes": [
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.28:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:4.0:*:enterprise_server:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:4.0:*:workstation:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.25:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.26:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:3.0:*:workstation_server:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:4.0:*:advanced_server:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:trustix:secure_linux:2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.23:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.24:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:3.0:*:advanced_server:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:3.0:*:enterprise_server:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:trustix:secure_linux:2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:trustix:secure_linux:2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.21:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.22:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.29:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.9:2.6.20:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_desktop:3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux_desktop:4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "operator": "OR"
          }
        ]
      },
      "cve": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
          "ID": "CVE-2005-0001"
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Race condition in the page fault handler (fault.c) for Linux kernel 2.2.x to 2.2.7, 2.4 to 2.4.29, and 2.6 to 2.6.10, when running on multiprocessor machines, allows local users to execute arbitrary code via concurrent threads that share the same virtual memory space and simultaneously request stack expansion."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "NVD-CWE-Other"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "20050112 Linux kernel i386 SMP page fault handler privilege escalation",
              "refsource": "FULLDISC",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://lists.grok.org.uk/pipermail/full-disclosure/2005-January/030826.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "http://isec.pl/vulnerabilities/isec-0022-pagefault.txt",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://isec.pl/vulnerabilities/isec-0022-pagefault.txt"
            },
            {
              "name": "CLA-2005:930",
              "refsource": "CONECTIVA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://distro.conectiva.com.br/atualizacoes/index.php?id=a\u0026anuncio=000930"
            },
            {
              "name": "FLSA:2336",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "https://bugzilla.fedora.us/show_bug.cgi?id=2336"
            },
            {
              "name": "RHSA-2005:043",
              "refsource": "REDHAT",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-043.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "RHSA-2005:092",
              "refsource": "REDHAT",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-092.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "2005-0001",
              "refsource": "TRUSTIX",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.trustix.org/errata/2005/0001/"
            },
            {
              "name": "1012862",
              "refsource": "SECTRACK",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1012862"
            },
            {
              "name": "13822",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/13822"
            },
            {
              "name": "RHSA-2005:016",
              "refsource": "REDHAT",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-016.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "DSA-1070",
              "refsource": "DEBIAN",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1070"
            },
            {
              "name": "DSA-1067",
              "refsource": "DEBIAN",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1067"
            },
            {
              "name": "DSA-1069",
              "refsource": "DEBIAN",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1069"
            },
            {
              "name": "RHSA-2005:017",
              "refsource": "REDHAT",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-017.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "12244",
              "refsource": "BID",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/12244"
            },
            {
              "name": "20163",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/20163"
            },
            {
              "name": "20202",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/20202"
            },
            {
              "name": "DSA-1082",
              "refsource": "DEBIAN",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2006/dsa-1082"
            },
            {
              "name": "20338",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/20338"
            },
            {
              "name": "MDKSA-2005:022",
              "refsource": "MANDRAKE",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDKSA-2005:022"
            },
            {
              "name": "20050112 Linux kernel i386 SMP page fault handler privilege escalation",
              "refsource": "BUGTRAQ",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=110554694522719\u0026w=2"
            },
            {
              "name": "20050114 [USN-60-0] Linux kernel vulnerabilities",
              "refsource": "BUGTRAQ",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=110581146702951\u0026w=2"
            },
            {
              "name": "linux-fault-handler-gain-privileges(18849)",
              "refsource": "XF",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/18849"
            },
            {
              "name": "oval:org.mitre.oval:def:10322",
              "refsource": "OVAL",
              "tags": [],
              "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A10322"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "impact": {
        "baseMetricV2": {
          "cvssV2": {
            "accessComplexity": "MEDIUM",
            "accessVector": "LOCAL",
            "authentication": "NONE",
            "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE",
            "baseScore": 6.9,
            "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE",
            "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE",
            "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C",
            "version": "2.0"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 3.4,
          "impactScore": 10.0,
          "obtainAllPrivilege": true,
          "obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
          "obtainUserPrivilege": false,
          "severity": "MEDIUM",
          "userInteractionRequired": false
        }
      },
      "lastModifiedDate": "2017-10-11T01:29Z",
      "publishedDate": "2005-05-02T04:00Z"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading...

Loading...

Loading...

Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.