GSD-2016-2098
Vulnerability from gsd - Updated: 2016-02-29 00:00Details
There is a possible remote code execution vulnerability in Action Pack.
This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2016-2098.
Versions Affected: 3.2.x, 4.0.x, 4.1.x, 4.2.x
Not affected: 5.0+
Fixed Versions: 3.2.22.2, 4.1.14.2, 4.2.5.2
Impact
------
Applications that pass unverified user input to the `render` method in a
controller or a view may be vulnerable to a code injection.
Impacted code will look like this:
```ruby
class TestController < ApplicationController
def show
render params[:id]
end
end
```
An attacker could use the request parameters to coerce the above example
to execute arbitrary ruby code.
All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of
the workarounds immediately.
Releases
--------
The FIXED releases are available at the normal locations.
Workarounds
-----------
A workaround to this issue is to not pass arbitrary user input to the `render`
method. Instead, verify that data before passing it to the `render` method.
For example, change this:
```ruby
def index
render params[:id]
end
```
To this:
```ruby
def index
render verify_template(params[:id])
end
private
def verify_template(name)
# add verification logic particular to your application here
end
```
Patches
-------
To aid users who aren't able to upgrade immediately we have provided a
patch for it. It is in git-am format and consist of a single changeset.
* 3-2-secure_inline_with_params.patch - Patch for 3.2 series
* 4-1-secure_inline_with_params.patch - Patch for 4.1 series
* 4-2-secure_inline_with_params.patch - Patch for 4.2 series
Credits
-------
Thanks to both Tobias Kraze from makandra and joernchen of Phenoelit for
reporting this!
Aliases
Aliases
{
"GSD": {
"alias": "CVE-2016-2098",
"description": "Action Pack in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.2, 4.x before 4.1.14.2, and 4.2.x before 4.2.5.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application\u0027s unrestricted use of the render method.",
"id": "GSD-2016-2098",
"references": [
"https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2016-2098.html",
"https://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3509",
"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:0456",
"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:0455",
"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:0454",
"https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/cve/CVE-2016-2098"
]
},
"gsd": {
"metadata": {
"exploitCode": "unknown",
"remediation": "unknown",
"reportConfidence": "confirmed",
"type": "vulnerability"
},
"osvSchema": {
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "actionpack",
"purl": "pkg:gem/actionpack"
}
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-2098",
"GHSA-78rc-8c29-p45g"
],
"details": "There is a possible remote code execution vulnerability in Action Pack.\nThis vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2016-2098.\n\nVersions Affected: 3.2.x, 4.0.x, 4.1.x, 4.2.x\nNot affected: 5.0+\nFixed Versions: 3.2.22.2, 4.1.14.2, 4.2.5.2\n\nImpact\n------\nApplications that pass unverified user input to the `render` method in a\ncontroller or a view may be vulnerable to a code injection.\n\nImpacted code will look like this:\n\n```ruby\nclass TestController \u003c ApplicationController\n def show\n render params[:id]\n end\nend\n```\n\nAn attacker could use the request parameters to coerce the above example\nto execute arbitrary ruby code.\n\nAll users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of\nthe workarounds immediately.\n\nReleases\n--------\nThe FIXED releases are available at the normal locations.\n\nWorkarounds\n-----------\nA workaround to this issue is to not pass arbitrary user input to the `render`\nmethod. Instead, verify that data before passing it to the `render` method.\n\nFor example, change this:\n\n```ruby\ndef index\n render params[:id]\nend\n```\n\nTo this:\n\n```ruby\ndef index\n render verify_template(params[:id])\nend\n\nprivate\ndef verify_template(name)\n # add verification logic particular to your application here\nend\n```\n\nPatches\n-------\nTo aid users who aren\u0027t able to upgrade immediately we have provided a\npatch for it. It is in git-am format and consist of a single changeset.\n\n* 3-2-secure_inline_with_params.patch - Patch for 3.2 series\n* 4-1-secure_inline_with_params.patch - Patch for 4.1 series\n* 4-2-secure_inline_with_params.patch - Patch for 4.2 series\n\nCredits\n-------\nThanks to both Tobias Kraze from makandra and joernchen of Phenoelit for\nreporting this!\n",
"id": "GSD-2016-2098",
"modified": "2016-02-29T00:00:00.000Z",
"published": "2016-02-29T00:00:00.000Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rubyonrails-security/ly-IH-fxr_Q"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": 7.3,
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Possible remote code execution vulnerability in Action Pack"
}
},
"namespaces": {
"cve.org": {
"CVE_data_meta": {
"ASSIGNER": "secalert@redhat.com",
"ID": "CVE-2016-2098",
"STATE": "PUBLIC"
},
"affects": {
"vendor": {
"vendor_data": [
{
"product": {
"product_data": [
{
"product_name": "n/a",
"version": {
"version_data": [
{
"version_value": "n/a"
}
]
}
}
]
},
"vendor_name": "n/a"
}
]
}
},
"data_format": "MITRE",
"data_type": "CVE",
"data_version": "4.0",
"description": {
"description_data": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"value": "Action Pack in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.2, 4.x before 4.1.14.2, and 4.2.x before 4.2.5.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application\u0027s unrestricted use of the render method."
}
]
},
"problemtype": {
"problemtype_data": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"value": "n/a"
}
]
}
]
},
"references": {
"reference_data": [
{
"name": "SUSE-SU-2016:0867",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00086.html"
},
{
"name": "SUSE-SU-2016:0967",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00006.html"
},
{
"name": "DSA-3509",
"refsource": "DEBIAN",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3509"
},
{
"name": "83725",
"refsource": "BID",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/83725"
},
{
"name": "1035122",
"refsource": "SECTRACK",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035122"
},
{
"name": "40086",
"refsource": "EXPLOIT-DB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40086/"
},
{
"name": "SUSE-SU-2016:0854",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00083.html"
},
{
"name": "openSUSE-SU-2016:0790",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00057.html"
},
{
"name": "SUSE-SU-2016:1146",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00053.html"
},
{
"name": "openSUSE-SU-2016:0835",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00080.html"
},
{
"name": "[ruby-security-ann] 20160229 [CVE-2016-2098] Possible remote code execution vulnerability in Action Pack",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=rubyonrails-security/ly-IH-fxr_Q/WLoOhcMZIAAJ"
},
{
"name": "http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2016/2/29/Rails-4-2-5-2-4-1-14-2-3-2-22-2-have-been-released/",
"refsource": "CONFIRM",
"url": "http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2016/2/29/Rails-4-2-5-2-4-1-14-2-3-2-22-2-have-been-released/"
}
]
}
},
"github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db": {
"cve": "2016-2098",
"cvss_v3": 7.3,
"date": "2016-02-29",
"description": "There is a possible remote code execution vulnerability in Action Pack.\nThis vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2016-2098.\n\nVersions Affected: 3.2.x, 4.0.x, 4.1.x, 4.2.x\nNot affected: 5.0+\nFixed Versions: 3.2.22.2, 4.1.14.2, 4.2.5.2\n\nImpact\n------\nApplications that pass unverified user input to the `render` method in a\ncontroller or a view may be vulnerable to a code injection.\n\nImpacted code will look like this:\n\n```ruby\nclass TestController \u003c ApplicationController\n def show\n render params[:id]\n end\nend\n```\n\nAn attacker could use the request parameters to coerce the above example\nto execute arbitrary ruby code.\n\nAll users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of\nthe workarounds immediately.\n\nReleases\n--------\nThe FIXED releases are available at the normal locations.\n\nWorkarounds\n-----------\nA workaround to this issue is to not pass arbitrary user input to the `render`\nmethod. Instead, verify that data before passing it to the `render` method.\n\nFor example, change this:\n\n```ruby\ndef index\n render params[:id]\nend\n```\n\nTo this:\n\n```ruby\ndef index\n render verify_template(params[:id])\nend\n\nprivate\ndef verify_template(name)\n # add verification logic particular to your application here\nend\n```\n\nPatches\n-------\nTo aid users who aren\u0027t able to upgrade immediately we have provided a\npatch for it. It is in git-am format and consist of a single changeset.\n\n* 3-2-secure_inline_with_params.patch - Patch for 3.2 series\n* 4-1-secure_inline_with_params.patch - Patch for 4.1 series\n* 4-2-secure_inline_with_params.patch - Patch for 4.2 series\n\nCredits\n-------\nThanks to both Tobias Kraze from makandra and joernchen of Phenoelit for\nreporting this!\n",
"framework": "rails",
"gem": "actionpack",
"ghsa": "78rc-8c29-p45g",
"patched_versions": [
"~\u003e 3.2.22.2",
"~\u003e 4.2.5, \u003e= 4.2.5.2",
"~\u003e 4.1.14, \u003e= 4.1.14.2"
],
"title": "Possible remote code execution vulnerability in Action Pack",
"unaffected_versions": [
"\u003e= 5.0.0.beta1"
],
"url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rubyonrails-security/ly-IH-fxr_Q"
},
"gitlab.com": {
"advisories": [
{
"affected_range": "\u003e=3.2.0.0.alpha \u003c3.2.22.2||\u003e=4.0.0.0.alpha \u003c4.1.14.2||\u003e=4.2.0.0.alpha \u003c4.2.5.2",
"affected_versions": "All versions starting from 3.2.0.0.alpha before 3.2.22.2, all versions starting from 4.0.0.0.alpha before 4.1.14.2, all versions starting from 4.2.0.0.alpha before 4.2.5.2",
"credit": "Tobias Kraze from makandra and Joernchen of Phenoelit ",
"cvss_v2": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P",
"cvss_v3": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1035",
"CWE-20",
"CWE-937"
],
"date": "2019-08-08",
"description": "Applications that pass unverified user input to the `render` method in a controller or a view may be vulnerable to a code injection. An attacker could use the request parameters to coerce the controller to execute arbitrary ruby code. ",
"fixed_versions": [
"3.2.22.2",
"4.1.14.2",
"4.2.5.2"
],
"identifier": "CVE-2016-2098",
"identifiers": [
"CVE-2016-2098"
],
"not_impacted": "5.x",
"package_slug": "gem/actionpack",
"pubdate": "2016-04-07",
"solution": "Upgrade to latest or use workaround; see provided link.",
"title": "Possible remote code execution vulnerability",
"urls": [
"https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/ruby-security-ann/ly-IH-fxr_Q"
],
"uuid": "b3cdad83-848a-4732-abfe-e80fd612fc74"
},
{
"affected_range": "\u003e=4.0.0 \u003c=4.2.5.1",
"affected_versions": "All versions starting from 4.0.0 up to 4.2.5.1",
"cvss_v2": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P",
"cvss_v3": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1035",
"CWE-20",
"CWE-937"
],
"date": "2019-08-08",
"description": "The Rails gem allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application\u0027s unrestricted use of the render method.",
"fixed_versions": [
"4.2.5.2"
],
"identifier": "CVE-2016-2098",
"identifiers": [
"CVE-2016-2098"
],
"not_impacted": "All versions before 4.0.0, all versions after 4.2.5.1",
"package_slug": "gem/rails",
"pubdate": "2016-04-07",
"solution": "Upgrade to versions 4.2.5.2 or above.",
"title": "Improper Input Validation",
"urls": [
"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2098"
],
"uuid": "dc7fde99-dad9-4ab9-be35-5fc0aabb03c5"
}
]
},
"nvd.nist.gov": {
"configurations": {
"CVE_data_version": "4.0",
"nodes": [
{
"children": [],
"cpe_match": [
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"children": [],
"cpe_match": [
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.3:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.9:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.2:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.12:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.10:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.1:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.1:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:ruby_on_rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"versionEndIncluding": "3.2.22.1",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.5:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.4:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.1:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.14:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.13:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.6:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.6:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.10:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.1:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:beta:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:ruby_on_rails:4.1.14.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.5:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.1:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.1:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.6:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.6:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.14:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.10:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.6:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.2.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.2:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.2:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.10:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.10:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.1.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.4:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"cpe_name": [],
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
]
},
"cve": {
"CVE_data_meta": {
"ASSIGNER": "secalert@redhat.com",
"ID": "CVE-2016-2098"
},
"data_format": "MITRE",
"data_type": "CVE",
"data_version": "4.0",
"description": {
"description_data": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Action Pack in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.2, 4.x before 4.1.14.2, and 4.2.x before 4.2.5.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application\u0027s unrestricted use of the render method."
}
]
},
"problemtype": {
"problemtype_data": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-20"
}
]
}
]
},
"references": {
"reference_data": [
{
"name": "http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2016/2/29/Rails-4-2-5-2-4-1-14-2-3-2-22-2-have-been-released/",
"refsource": "CONFIRM",
"tags": [
"Patch",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2016/2/29/Rails-4-2-5-2-4-1-14-2-3-2-22-2-have-been-released/"
},
{
"name": "1035122",
"refsource": "SECTRACK",
"tags": [],
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035122"
},
{
"name": "[ruby-security-ann] 20160229 [CVE-2016-2098] Possible remote code execution vulnerability in Action Pack",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"tags": [],
"url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=rubyonrails-security/ly-IH-fxr_Q/WLoOhcMZIAAJ"
},
{
"name": "DSA-3509",
"refsource": "DEBIAN",
"tags": [],
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3509"
},
{
"name": "83725",
"refsource": "BID",
"tags": [],
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/83725"
},
{
"name": "openSUSE-SU-2016:0835",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"tags": [],
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00080.html"
},
{
"name": "SUSE-SU-2016:0867",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"tags": [],
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00086.html"
},
{
"name": "SUSE-SU-2016:1146",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"tags": [],
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00053.html"
},
{
"name": "SUSE-SU-2016:0854",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"tags": [],
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00083.html"
},
{
"name": "openSUSE-SU-2016:0790",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"tags": [],
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-03/msg00057.html"
},
{
"name": "SUSE-SU-2016:0967",
"refsource": "SUSE",
"tags": [],
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-04/msg00006.html"
},
{
"name": "40086",
"refsource": "EXPLOIT-DB",
"tags": [],
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40086/"
}
]
}
},
"impact": {
"baseMetricV2": {
"cvssV2": {
"accessComplexity": "LOW",
"accessVector": "NETWORK",
"authentication": "NONE",
"availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL",
"integrityImpact": "PARTIAL",
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P",
"version": "2.0"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 10.0,
"impactScore": 6.4,
"obtainAllPrivilege": false,
"obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
"obtainUserPrivilege": false,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"baseMetricV3": {
"cvssV3": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.0"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 3.4
}
},
"lastModifiedDate": "2019-08-08T15:43Z",
"publishedDate": "2016-04-07T23:59Z"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.