{
  "document": {
    "acknowledgments": [
      {
        "names": [
          "Momen Eldawakhly"
        ],
        "organization": "Samurai Digital Security Ltd.",
        "summary": "reporting this vulnerability to CISA"
      }
    ],
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "text": "Disclosure is not limited",
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE",
        "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en-US",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "All information products included in https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics are provided \"as is\" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information about TLP, see https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/.",
        "title": "Legal Notice"
      },
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to manipulate SQL query logic to extract sensitive information and perform unauthorized actions within the database.",
        "title": "Risk evaluation"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Health, Public Health",
        "title": "Critical infrastructure sectors"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "South America",
        "title": "Countries/areas deployed"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Argentina",
        "title": "Company headquarters location"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should:",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "coordinator",
      "contact_details": "central@cisa.dhs.gov",
      "name": "CISA",
      "namespace": "https://www.cisa.gov/"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICS Advisory ICSA-23-243-01 JSON",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2023/icsa-23-243-01.json"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICSA Advisory ICSA-23-243-01 - Web Version",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-243-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-10-301-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity_Best_Practices_for_Industrial_Control_Systems.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/sites/default/files/publications/emailscams0905.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/tips/ST04-014"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/tips/ICS-TIP-12-146-01B"
      }
    ],
    "title": "ARDEREG Sistemas SCADA",
    "tracking": {
      "current_release_date": "2023-08-31T06:00:00.000000Z",
      "generator": {
        "engine": {
          "name": "CISA CSAF Generator",
          "version": "1.0.0"
        }
      },
      "id": "ICSA-23-243-01",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-08-31T06:00:00.000000Z",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2023-08-31T06:00:00.000000Z",
          "legacy_version": "Initial",
          "number": "1",
          "summary": "Initial Publication"
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "1"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "\u003c= 2.203",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Sistemas SCADA: \u003c= 2.203",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0001"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Sistemas SCADA"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "ARDEREG"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2023-4485",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-89",
        "name": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (\u0027SQL Injection\u0027)"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Sistema SCADA Central, a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, is designed to monitor and control various industrial processes and critical infrastructure. ARDEREG identified this SCADA system\u0027s login page to be vulnerable to an unauthenticated blind SQL injection attack. An attacker could manipulate the application\u0027s SQL query logic to extract sensitive information or perform unauthorized actions within the database. In this case, the vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary SQL queries through the login page, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data leakage, or even disruption of critical industrial processes.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "web.nvd.nist.gov",
          "url": "http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2023-4485"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "ARDEREG is aware of the issue but has not responded to our requests. For more information, contact ARDEREG by email at info@ardereg.com.ar",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "ARDEREG recommends the following workarounds to help reduce the risk:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Security Awareness and Training: Conduct regular security awareness and training sessions for developers, administrators, and other personnel involved in the management and operation of the SCADA system. Educate about the risks and consequences of SQL injection vulnerabilities and provide guidance on secure coding practices, proper input validation, and best practices for securely interacting with databases.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Regular Security Assessments: Perform regular security assessments, including penetration testing and code reviews, to identify and address any vulnerabilities in the SCADA system. Conduct internal security audits to evaluate the overall security posture and identify any weaknesses an attacker could exploit through SQL injection or other attack vectors.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Incident Response Plan: Develop and maintain an incident response plan specifically tailored to address security incidents related to SQL injection and other vulnerabilities in the SCADA system. Establish clear procedures and responsibilities for responding to and mitigating security incidents, including containment, investigation, and recovery steps.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Vendor and Supply Chain Security: Ensure the vendors and suppliers involved in the development and maintenance of the SCADA system follow secure coding practices and adhere to strict security standards. Regularly evaluate and monitor the security practices to minimize the risk of introducing vulnerabilities through the supply chain.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "System Segmentation: Implement network segmentation to isolate the SCADA system from other less critical systems or public-facing networks. This reduces the attack surface and limits the potential impact of a successful SQL injection attack by containing it within a restricted network segment.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.0"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}