icsa-25-175-01
Vulnerability from csaf_cisa
Published
2025-06-24 06:00
Modified
2025-06-24 06:00
Summary
Kaleris Navis N4 Terminal Operating System

Notes

Legal Notice
All information products included in https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics are provided "as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information about TLP, see https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/.
Risk evaluation
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to remotely exploit the operating system, achieve remote code execution, or extract sensitive information.
Critical infrastructure sectors
Transportation Systems
Countries/areas deployed
Worldwide
Company headquarters location
United States
Recommended Practices
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:
Recommended Practices
Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
Recommended Practices
Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
Recommended Practices
When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
Recommended Practices
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
Recommended Practices
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
Recommended Practices
CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.
Recommended Practices
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Recommended Practices
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
Recommended Practices
CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
Recommended Practices
Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
Recommended Practices
Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
Recommended Practices
Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.
Recommended Practices
No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.


To clipboard 

{
  "document": {
    "acknowledgments": [
      {
        "organization": "Kaleris",
        "summary": "reporting these vulnerabilities to CISA"
      }
    ],
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "text": "Disclosure is not limited",
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE",
        "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/"
      }
    },
    "lang": "en-US",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "All information products included in https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics are provided \"as is\" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information about TLP, see https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/.",
        "title": "Legal Notice"
      },
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to remotely exploit the operating system, achieve remote code execution, or extract sensitive information.",
        "title": "Risk evaluation"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Transportation Systems",
        "title": "Critical infrastructure sectors"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Worldwide",
        "title": "Countries/areas deployed"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "United States",
        "title": "Company headquarters location"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "coordinator",
      "contact_details": "central@cisa.dhs.gov",
      "name": "CISA",
      "namespace": "https://www.cisa.gov/"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICS Advisory ICSA-25-175-01 JSON",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsa-25-175-01.json"
      },
      {
        "category": "self",
        "summary": "ICSA Advisory ICSA-25-175-01 - Web Version",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-175-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-10-301-01"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/ics-recommended-practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity_Best_Practices_for_Industrial_Control_Systems.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial-control-systems"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/sites/default/files/publications/emailscams0905.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/tips/ST04-014"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf"
      },
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Recommended Practices",
        "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/tips/ICS-TIP-12-146-01B"
      }
    ],
    "title": "Kaleris Navis N4 Terminal Operating System",
    "tracking": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-06-24T06:00:00.000000Z",
      "generator": {
        "date": "2025-06-24T13:38:20.861115Z",
        "engine": {
          "name": "CISA CSAF Generator",
          "version": "1.0.0"
        }
      },
      "id": "ICSA-25-175-01",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-06-24T06:00:00.000000Z",
      "revision_history": [
        {
          "date": "2025-06-24T06:00:00.000000Z",
          "legacy_version": "Initial",
          "number": "1",
          "summary": "Initial Publication"
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "1"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "\u003c4.0",
                "product": {
                  "name": "Kaleris Navis N4: \u003c4.0",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-0001"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "Navis N4"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "Kaleris"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-2566",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-502",
        "name": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Kaleris NAVIS N4 ULC (Ultra Light Client) contains an unsafe Java deserialization vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker can make specially crafted requests to execute arbitrary code on the server.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-2566"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Kaleris recommends users to implement the following versions or later:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.1.44+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.2.26+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.3.27+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.4.25+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.5.18+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.6.14+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.7.0+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.8.0+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "If users are unable to update, Kaleris recommends following these mitigations:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "If N4 does not need to be exposed to the internet, placing it behind a firewall.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "If CAP needs to be exposed to the internet, disable the Ultra Light Client on the nodes being exposed. This can be done by blocking the the Ultra Light Client URLs in the load balancer or firewall by blocking the following patterns: \"url-pattern*.jnlp\u003c/url-pattern\" and  \"url-pattern/ulc\u003c/url-pattern\"",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "The Ultra Light Client endpoint can also be disabled on the N4 Cluster node by commenting out relevant code in the web.xml file and restarting the server.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "If the Ultra Light Client must be exposed to the Internet, do one of the following:a. Set up a secure VPN connection to allow access for known external parties.b. Set up an authenticated jump system (Citrix, VDI, Etc).c. Whitelist external allowed IPs. (least secure option)",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Additionally, the following controls should be applied:a. Restrict the number of N4 nodes exposed to the internet.b. Ensure that HTTPS is enabled and configured on the filewall/loadbalancer.c. Use a reliable  third-party party firewall with built in DDOS protection that can detect unwanted intrusions.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Users are required to implement TLS in their load balancer. The setup for this is included in the Application Security Guide that is provided to all users.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "A final option to consider is upgrading to N4 4.0, where the Ultra Light Client has been fully replaced with the HTML UI.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Kaleris has sent a security advisory to all customers running Kaleris software.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "For more information, users should email security@kaleris.com",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ],
          "url": "mailto:security@kaleris.com"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-5087",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-319",
        "name": "Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Kaleris NAVIS N4 ULC (Ultra Light Client) communicates insecurely using zlib-compressed data over HTTP. An attacker capable of observing network traffic between Ultra Light Clients and N4 servers can extract sensitive information, including plaintext credentials.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5087"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Kaleris recommends users to implement the following versions or later:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.1.44+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.2.26+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.3.27+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.4.25+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.5.18+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.6.14+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.7.0+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Navis N4: Version 3.8.0+",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "If users are unable to update, Kaleris recommends following these mitigations:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "If N4 does not need to be exposed to the internet, placing it behind a firewall.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "If CAP needs to be exposed to the internet, disable the Ultra Light Client on the nodes being exposed. This can be done by blocking the the Ultra Light Client URLs in the load balancer or firewall by blocking the following patterns: \"url-pattern*.jnlp\u003c/url-pattern\" and  \"url-pattern/ulc\u003c/url-pattern\"",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "The Ultra Light Client endpoint can also be disabled on the N4 Cluster node by commenting out relevant code in the web.xml file and restarting the server.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "If the Ultra Light Client must be exposed to the Internet, do one of the following:a. Set up a secure VPN connection to allow access for known external parties.b. Set up an authenticated jump system (Citrix, VDI, Etc).c. Whitelist external allowed IPs. (least secure option)",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Additionally, the following controls should be applied:a. Restrict the number of N4 nodes exposed to the internet.b. Ensure that HTTPS is enabled and configured on the filewall/loadbalancer.c. Use a reliable  third-party party firewall with built in DDOS protection that can detect unwanted intrusions.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Users are required to implement TLS in their load balancer. The setup for this is included in the Application Security Guide that is provided to all users.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "A final option to consider is upgrading to N4 4.0, where the Ultra Light Client has been fully replaced with the HTML UI.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "Kaleris has sent a security advisory to all customers running Kaleris software.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "mitigation",
          "details": "For more information, users should email security@kaleris.com",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ],
          "url": "mailto:security@kaleris.com"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 5.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.