ICSMA-19-080-01

Vulnerability from csaf_cisa - Published: 2019-03-21 00:00 - Updated: 2021-04-08 00:00
Summary
Medtronic Conexus Radio Frequency Telemetry Protocol (Update C)

Notes

CISA Disclaimer
This CSAF advisory was extracted from unstructured data and may contain inaccuracies. If you notice any errors, please reach out to the designated contact at CISA CSAF: central@cisa.dhs.gov
Legal Notice
All information products included in https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics are provided "as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information about TLP, see https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/.
Risk evaluation
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities may allow an attacker with adjacent short-range access to one of the affected products to interfere with, generate, modify, or intercept the radio frequency (RF) communication of the Medtronic proprietary Conexus telemetry system, potentially impacting product functionality and/or allowing access to transmitted sensitive data. Successful exploitation requires: (1) an RF device capable of transmitting or receiving Conexus telemetry communication, such as a monitor, programmer, or software-defined radio (SDR); (2) to have adjacent short-range access to the affected products; and (3) for the products to be in states where the RF functionality is active. Before the device implant procedure and during follow-up clinic visits, the Conexus telemetry sessions require initiation by an inductive protocol. Outside of these use environments, the RF radio in the affected implanted device is enabled for brief periods of time to support scheduled follow-up transmissions and other operational and safety notifications. The result of successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities may include the ability to read and write any valid memory location on the affected implanted device and therefore impact the intended function of the device.
Critical infrastructure sectors
Healthcare and Public Health
Countries/areas deployed
Worldwide
Company headquarters location
Ireland
Recommended Practices
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should:
Recommended Practices
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage onus-cert.cisa.gov. Several recommended practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
Recommended Practices
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage on us-cert.cisa.gov in the Technical Information Paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their established internal procedures and report their findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
Recommended Practices
These vulnerabilities are not exploitable remotely.
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{
  "document": {
    "acknowledgments": [
      {
        "names": [
          "Peter Morgan"
        ],
        "organization": "Clever Security",
        "summary": "reporting these vulnerabilities to CISA"
      },
      {
        "names": [
          "Dave Singel\u00e9e",
          "Bart Preneel"
        ],
        "organization": "KU Leuven",
        "summary": "reporting these vulnerabilities to CISA"
      },
      {
        "names": [
          "Eduard Marin",
          "Tom Chothia"
        ],
        "organization": "University of Birmingham",
        "summary": "reporting these vulnerabilities to CISA"
      },
      {
        "names": [
          "Flavio D. Garcia"
        ],
        "summary": "reporting these vulnerabilities to CISA"
      },
      {
        "names": [
          "Rik Willems"
        ],
        "organization": "University Hospital Gasthuisberg Leuven",
        "summary": "reporting these vulnerabilities to CISA"
      }
    ],
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
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    "distribution": {
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    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "This CSAF advisory was extracted from unstructured data and may contain inaccuracies. If you notice any errors, please reach out to the designated contact at CISA CSAF: central@cisa.dhs.gov",
        "title": "CISA Disclaimer"
      },
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "All information products included in https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics are provided \"as is\" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information about TLP, see https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/.",
        "title": "Legal Notice"
      },
      {
        "category": "summary",
        "text": "Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities may allow an attacker with adjacent short-range access to one of the affected products to interfere with, generate, modify, or intercept the radio frequency (RF) communication of the Medtronic proprietary Conexus telemetry system, potentially impacting product functionality and/or allowing access to transmitted sensitive data. Successful exploitation requires: (1) an RF device capable of transmitting or receiving Conexus telemetry communication, such as a monitor, programmer, or software-defined radio (SDR); (2) to have adjacent short-range access to the affected products; and (3) for the products to be in states where the RF functionality is active. Before the device implant procedure and during follow-up clinic visits, the Conexus telemetry sessions require initiation by an inductive protocol. Outside of these use environments, the RF radio in the affected implanted device is enabled for brief periods of time to support scheduled follow-up transmissions and other operational and safety notifications. The result of successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities may include the ability to read and write any valid memory location on the affected implanted device and therefore impact the intended function of the device.",
        "title": "Risk evaluation"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Healthcare and Public Health",
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      },
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        "title": "Countries/areas deployed"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Ireland",
        "title": "Company headquarters location"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should:",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.\nCISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage onus-cert.cisa.gov. Several recommended practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage on us-cert.cisa.gov in the Technical Information Paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.\nOrganizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their established internal procedures and report their findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "These vulnerabilities are not exploitable remotely.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
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      "contact_details": "Email: CISAservicedesk@cisa.dhs.gov;\n Toll Free: 1-888-282-0870",
      "name": "CISA",
      "namespace": "https://www.cisa.gov/"
    },
    "references": [
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      },
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        "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/tips/ICS-TIP-12-146-01B"
      }
    ],
    "title": "Medtronic Conexus Radio Frequency Telemetry Protocol (Update C)",
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  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2019-6538",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-284",
        "name": "Improper Access Control"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "The Conexus telemetry protocol utilized within this ecosystem does not implement authentication or authorization. An attacker with adjacent short-range access to an affected product, in situations where the product \u0027s radio is turned on, can inject, replay, modify, and/or intercept data within the telemetry communication. This communication protocol provides the ability to read and write memory values to affected implanted cardiac devices; therefore, an attacker could exploit this communication protocol to change memory in the implanted cardiac device.CVE-2019-6538 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H).",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
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          "CSAFPID-0001",
          "CSAFPID-0002",
          "CSAFPID-0003",
          "CSAFPID-0004",
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          "CSAFPID-0006",
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          "CSAFPID-0009",
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          "CSAFPID-00016",
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          "CSAFPID-00019",
          "CSAFPID-00020",
          "CSAFPID-00021",
          "CSAFPID-00022"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "web.nvd.nist.gov",
          "url": "http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2019-6538"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Medtronic has applied additional controls for monitoring and responding to improper use of the Conexus telemetry protocol by the affected implanted cardiac devices. Additional mitigations are being developed and will be deployed through future updates, assuming regulatory approval.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009",
            "CSAFPID-00010",
            "CSAFPID-00011",
            "CSAFPID-00012",
            "CSAFPID-00013",
            "CSAFPID-00014",
            "CSAFPID-00015",
            "CSAFPID-00016",
            "CSAFPID-00017",
            "CSAFPID-00018",
            "CSAFPID-00019",
            "CSAFPID-00020",
            "CSAFPID-00021",
            "CSAFPID-00022"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Medtronic has developed mitigating patches for a subset of the affected implanted cardiac device models. These patches are installed during regular office visits. Medtronic has stated that patches for additional impacted models are being developed by Medtronic and will be deployed through future updates. Patches are currently available for the following affected models:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009",
            "CSAFPID-00010",
            "CSAFPID-00011",
            "CSAFPID-00012",
            "CSAFPID-00013",
            "CSAFPID-00014",
            "CSAFPID-00015",
            "CSAFPID-00016",
            "CSAFPID-00017",
            "CSAFPID-00018",
            "CSAFPID-00019",
            "CSAFPID-00020",
            "CSAFPID-00021",
            "CSAFPID-00022"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Medtronic recommends that users take additional defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Specifically, users should:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009",
            "CSAFPID-00010",
            "CSAFPID-00011",
            "CSAFPID-00012",
            "CSAFPID-00013",
            "CSAFPID-00014",
            "CSAFPID-00015",
            "CSAFPID-00016",
            "CSAFPID-00017",
            "CSAFPID-00018",
            "CSAFPID-00019",
            "CSAFPID-00020",
            "CSAFPID-00021",
            "CSAFPID-00022"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Medtronic has released additional patient focused information.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009",
            "CSAFPID-00010",
            "CSAFPID-00011",
            "CSAFPID-00012",
            "CSAFPID-00013",
            "CSAFPID-00014",
            "CSAFPID-00015",
            "CSAFPID-00016",
            "CSAFPID-00017",
            "CSAFPID-00018",
            "CSAFPID-00019",
            "CSAFPID-00020",
            "CSAFPID-00021",
            "CSAFPID-00022"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.medtronic.com/security"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 9.3,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.0"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009",
            "CSAFPID-00010",
            "CSAFPID-00011",
            "CSAFPID-00012",
            "CSAFPID-00013",
            "CSAFPID-00014",
            "CSAFPID-00015",
            "CSAFPID-00016",
            "CSAFPID-00017",
            "CSAFPID-00018",
            "CSAFPID-00019",
            "CSAFPID-00020",
            "CSAFPID-00021",
            "CSAFPID-00022"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2019-6540",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-319",
        "name": "Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "The Conexus telemetry protocol utilized within this ecosystem does not implement encryption. An attacker with adjacent short-range access to a target product can listen to communications, including the transmission of sensitive data.CVE-2019-6540 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "known_affected": [
          "CSAFPID-0001",
          "CSAFPID-0002",
          "CSAFPID-0003",
          "CSAFPID-0004",
          "CSAFPID-0005",
          "CSAFPID-0006",
          "CSAFPID-0007",
          "CSAFPID-0008",
          "CSAFPID-0009",
          "CSAFPID-00010",
          "CSAFPID-00011",
          "CSAFPID-00012",
          "CSAFPID-00013",
          "CSAFPID-00014",
          "CSAFPID-00015",
          "CSAFPID-00016",
          "CSAFPID-00017",
          "CSAFPID-00018",
          "CSAFPID-00019",
          "CSAFPID-00020",
          "CSAFPID-00021",
          "CSAFPID-00022"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "web.nvd.nist.gov",
          "url": "http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2019-6540"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.first.org",
          "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Medtronic has applied additional controls for monitoring and responding to improper use of the Conexus telemetry protocol by the affected implanted cardiac devices. Additional mitigations are being developed and will be deployed through future updates, assuming regulatory approval.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009",
            "CSAFPID-00010",
            "CSAFPID-00011",
            "CSAFPID-00012",
            "CSAFPID-00013",
            "CSAFPID-00014",
            "CSAFPID-00015",
            "CSAFPID-00016",
            "CSAFPID-00017",
            "CSAFPID-00018",
            "CSAFPID-00019",
            "CSAFPID-00020",
            "CSAFPID-00021",
            "CSAFPID-00022"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Medtronic has developed mitigating patches for a subset of the affected implanted cardiac device models. These patches are installed during regular office visits. Medtronic has stated that patches for additional impacted models are being developed by Medtronic and will be deployed through future updates. Patches are currently available for the following affected models:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009",
            "CSAFPID-00010",
            "CSAFPID-00011",
            "CSAFPID-00012",
            "CSAFPID-00013",
            "CSAFPID-00014",
            "CSAFPID-00015",
            "CSAFPID-00016",
            "CSAFPID-00017",
            "CSAFPID-00018",
            "CSAFPID-00019",
            "CSAFPID-00020",
            "CSAFPID-00021",
            "CSAFPID-00022"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Medtronic recommends that users take additional defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Specifically, users should:",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009",
            "CSAFPID-00010",
            "CSAFPID-00011",
            "CSAFPID-00012",
            "CSAFPID-00013",
            "CSAFPID-00014",
            "CSAFPID-00015",
            "CSAFPID-00016",
            "CSAFPID-00017",
            "CSAFPID-00018",
            "CSAFPID-00019",
            "CSAFPID-00020",
            "CSAFPID-00021",
            "CSAFPID-00022"
          ]
        },
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "Medtronic has released additional patient focused information.",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009",
            "CSAFPID-00010",
            "CSAFPID-00011",
            "CSAFPID-00012",
            "CSAFPID-00013",
            "CSAFPID-00014",
            "CSAFPID-00015",
            "CSAFPID-00016",
            "CSAFPID-00017",
            "CSAFPID-00018",
            "CSAFPID-00019",
            "CSAFPID-00020",
            "CSAFPID-00021",
            "CSAFPID-00022"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.medtronic.com/security"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.0"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001",
            "CSAFPID-0002",
            "CSAFPID-0003",
            "CSAFPID-0004",
            "CSAFPID-0005",
            "CSAFPID-0006",
            "CSAFPID-0007",
            "CSAFPID-0008",
            "CSAFPID-0009",
            "CSAFPID-00010",
            "CSAFPID-00011",
            "CSAFPID-00012",
            "CSAFPID-00013",
            "CSAFPID-00014",
            "CSAFPID-00015",
            "CSAFPID-00016",
            "CSAFPID-00017",
            "CSAFPID-00018",
            "CSAFPID-00019",
            "CSAFPID-00020",
            "CSAFPID-00021",
            "CSAFPID-00022"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}


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Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.