Vulnerability-Lookup

UBUNTU-CVE-2023-2728 (CVE-2023-2728)

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu – Published: 2023-07-03 21:15 – Updated: 2025-07-14 04:43 – Source website

Withdrawn 2025-08-28

Details

Users may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account’s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets annotation are used together with ephemeral containers.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

6.5 (Medium)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-2728	REPORT
	https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-a…	REPORT
	https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/118640	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-2728	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {},
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS",
        "name": "kubernetes",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/kubernetes@1.0?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-apps/focal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {},
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:22.04:LTS",
        "name": "kubernetes",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/kubernetes@1.0?arch=source\u0026distro=jammy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {},
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:24.04:LTS",
        "name": "kubernetes",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/kubernetes@1.0?arch=source\u0026distro=noble"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.0"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "Users may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account\u2019s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the `kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets` annotation are used together with ephemeral containers.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2023-2728",
  "modified": "2025-07-14T04:43:17Z",
  "published": "2023-07-03T21:15:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-2728"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/9oU_lW2cU_g"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/118640"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-2728"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2023-2728"
  ],
  "withdrawn": "2025-08-28T17:07:02Z"
}

CVE-2023-2728 (GCVE-0-2023-2728)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-03 20:06 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:45

Title

Bypassing enforce mountable secrets policy imposed by the ServiceAccount admission plugin

Summary

Users may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account’s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the `kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets` annotation are used together with ephemeral containers.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2024-11-25 17:02 UTC

CWE

CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation

Assigner

kubernetes mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-a…	mailing-list
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/118640	issue-tracking
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/06/3
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2023080…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Kubernetes	Kubernetes	Affected: v1.24.14 , ≤ <= (semver) Affected: v1.25.0 - v1.25.10 Affected: v1.26.0 - v1.26.5 Affected: v1.27.0 - v1.27.2

Date Public

2023-06-15 04:30

Credits

Rita Zhang

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T06:33:05.263Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/vPWYJ_L84m8"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "issue-tracking",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/118640"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/06/3"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0004/"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-2728",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-11-25T17:02:56.391082Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-11-25T17:03:07.860Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Kubernetes",
          "vendor": "Kubernetes",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "\u003c=",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "v1.24.14",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "v1.25.0 - v1.25.10"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "v1.26.0 - v1.26.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "v1.27.0 - v1.27.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "user": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
          "value": "Rita Zhang"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2023-06-15T04:30:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cdiv\u003eUsers may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account\u2019s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the `kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets` annotation are used together with ephemeral containers.\u003c/div\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Users may be able to launch containers that bypass the mountable secrets policy enforced by the ServiceAccount admission plugin when using ephemeral containers. The policy ensures pods running with a service account may only reference secrets specified in the service account\u2019s secrets field. Kubernetes clusters are only affected if the ServiceAccount admission plugin and the `kubernetes.io/enforce-mountable-secrets` annotation are used together with ephemeral containers."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-554",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-554 Functionality Bypass"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
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      ],
      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
            {
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              "description": "CWE-20 Improper Input Validation",
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              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2023-08-03T14:06:30.139Z",
        "orgId": "a6081bf6-c852-4425-ad4f-a67919267565",
        "shortName": "kubernetes"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list"
          ],
          "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/kubernetes-security-announce/c/vPWYJ_L84m8"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/118640"
        },
        {
          "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/06/3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230803-0004/"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eTo mitigate this vulnerability, upgrade Kubernetes: \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster\"\u003ehttps://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "To mitigate this vulnerability, upgrade Kubernetes:  https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/#upgrading-a-cluster"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "INTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Bypassing enforce mountable secrets policy imposed by the ServiceAccount admission plugin",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a6081bf6-c852-4425-ad4f-a67919267565",
    "assignerShortName": "kubernetes",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-2728",
    "datePublished": "2023-07-03T20:06:11.796Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-05-16T00:32:00.189Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-02-13T16:45:20.353Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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UBUNTU-CVE-2023-2728 (CVE-2023-2728)

CVE-2023-2728 (GCVE-0-2023-2728)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour