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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix a race condition between btf_put() and map_free()\n\nWhen running `./test_progs -j` in my local vm with latest kernel,\nI once hit a kasan error like below:\n\n  [ 1887.184724] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in bpf_rb_root_free+0x1f8/0x2b0\n  [ 1887.185599] Read of size 4 at addr ffff888106806910 by task kworker/u12:2/2830\n  [ 1887.186498]\n  [ 1887.186712] CPU: 3 PID: 2830 Comm: kworker/u12:2 Tainted: G           OEL     6.7.0-rc3-00699-g90679706d486-dirty #494\n  [ 1887.188034] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\n  [ 1887.189618] Workqueue: events_unbound bpf_map_free_deferred\n  [ 1887.190341] Call Trace:\n  [ 1887.190666]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  [ 1887.190949]  dump_stack_lvl+0xac/0xe0\n  [ 1887.191423]  ? nf_tcp_handle_invalid+0x1b0/0x1b0\n  [ 1887.192019]  ? panic+0x3c0/0x3c0\n  [ 1887.192449]  print_report+0x14f/0x720\n  [ 1887.192930]  ? preempt_count_sub+0x1c/0xd0\n  [ 1887.193459]  ? __virt_addr_valid+0xac/0x120\n  [ 1887.194004]  ? bpf_rb_root_free+0x1f8/0x2b0\n  [ 1887.194572]  kasan_report+0xc3/0x100\n  [ 1887.195085]  ? bpf_rb_root_free+0x1f8/0x2b0\n  [ 1887.195668]  bpf_rb_root_free+0x1f8/0x2b0\n  [ 1887.196183]  ? __bpf_obj_drop_impl+0xb0/0xb0\n  [ 1887.196736]  ? preempt_count_sub+0x1c/0xd0\n  [ 1887.197270]  ? preempt_count_sub+0x1c/0xd0\n  [ 1887.197802]  ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x1f/0x40\n  [ 1887.198319]  bpf_obj_free_fields+0x1d4/0x260\n  [ 1887.198883]  array_map_free+0x1a3/0x260\n  [ 1887.199380]  bpf_map_free_deferred+0x7b/0xe0\n  [ 1887.199943]  process_scheduled_works+0x3a2/0x6c0\n  [ 1887.200549]  worker_thread+0x633/0x890\n  [ 1887.201047]  ? __kthread_parkme+0xd7/0xf0\n  [ 1887.201574]  ? kthread+0x102/0x1d0\n  [ 1887.202020]  kthread+0x1ab/0x1d0\n  [ 1887.202447]  ? pr_cont_work+0x270/0x270\n  [ 1887.202954]  ? kthread_blkcg+0x50/0x50\n  [ 1887.203444]  ret_from_fork+0x34/0x50\n  [ 1887.203914]  ? kthread_blkcg+0x50/0x50\n  [ 1887.204397]  ret_from_fork_asm+0x11/0x20\n  [ 1887.204913]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n  [ 1887.204913]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n  [ 1887.205209]\n  [ 1887.205416] Allocated by task 2197:\n  [ 1887.205881]  kasan_set_track+0x3f/0x60\n  [ 1887.206366]  __kasan_kmalloc+0x6e/0x80\n  [ 1887.206856]  __kmalloc+0xac/0x1a0\n  [ 1887.207293]  btf_parse_fields+0xa15/0x1480\n  [ 1887.207836]  btf_parse_struct_metas+0x566/0x670\n  [ 1887.208387]  btf_new_fd+0x294/0x4d0\n  [ 1887.208851]  __sys_bpf+0x4ba/0x600\n  [ 1887.209292]  __x64_sys_bpf+0x41/0x50\n  [ 1887.209762]  do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xf0\n  [ 1887.210222]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b\n  [ 1887.210868]\n  [ 1887.211074] Freed by task 36:\n  [ 1887.211460]  kasan_set_track+0x3f/0x60\n  [ 1887.211951]  kasan_save_free_info+0x28/0x40\n  [ 1887.212485]  ____kasan_slab_free+0x101/0x180\n  [ 1887.213027]  __kmem_cache_free+0xe4/0x210\n  [ 1887.213514]  btf_free+0x5b/0x130\n  [ 1887.213918]  rcu_core+0x638/0xcc0\n  [ 1887.214347]  __do_softirq+0x114/0x37e\n\nThe error happens at bpf_rb_root_free+0x1f8/0x2b0:\n\n  00000000000034c0 \u003cbpf_rb_root_free\u003e:\n  ; {\n    34c0: f3 0f 1e fa                   endbr64\n    34c4: e8 00 00 00 00                callq   0x34c9 \u003cbpf_rb_root_free+0x9\u003e\n    34c9: 55                            pushq   %rbp\n    34ca: 48 89 e5                      movq    %rsp, %rbp\n  ...\n  ;       if (rec \u0026\u0026 rec-\u003erefcount_off \u003e= 0 \u0026\u0026\n    36aa: 4d 85 ed                      testq   %r13, %r13\n    36ad: 74 a9                         je      0x3658 \u003cbpf_rb_root_free+0x198\u003e\n    36af: 49 8d 7d 10                   leaq    0x10(%r13), %rdi\n    36b3: e8 00 00 00 00                callq   0x36b8 \u003cbpf_rb_root_free+0x1f8\u003e\n                                        \u003c==== kasan function\n    36b8: 45 8b 7d 10                   movl    0x10(%r13), %r15d\n                                        \u003c==== use-after-free load\n    36bc: 45 85 ff                      testl   %r15d, %r15d\n    36bf: 78 8c                         js      0x364d \u003cbpf_rb_root_free+0x18d\u003e\n\nSo the problem \n---truncated---"
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Defer the free of inner map when necessary\n\nWhen updating or deleting an inner map in map array or map htab, the map\nmay still be accessed by non-sleepable program or sleepable program.\nHowever bpf_map_fd_put_ptr() decreases the ref-counter of the inner map\ndirectly through bpf_map_put(), if the ref-counter is the last one\n(which is true for most cases), the inner map will be freed by\nops-\u003emap_free() in a kworker. But for now, most .map_free() callbacks\ndon\u0027t use synchronize_rcu() or its variants to wait for the elapse of a\nRCU grace period, so after the invocation of ops-\u003emap_free completes,\nthe bpf program which is accessing the inner map may incur\nuse-after-free problem.\n\nFix the free of inner map by invoking bpf_map_free_deferred() after both\none RCU grace period and one tasks trace RCU grace period if the inner\nmap has been removed from the outer map before. The deferment is\naccomplished by using call_rcu() or call_rcu_tasks_trace() when\nreleasing the last ref-counter of bpf map. The newly-added rcu_head\nfield in bpf_map shares the same storage space with work field to\nreduce the size of bpf_map."
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              "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only through the local bpf() syscall (BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM/DELETE_ELEM on ARRAY_OF_MAPS or HASH_OF_MAPS while a concurrently running BPF program holds the old inner map); there is no network or adjacent-protocol path into bpf_map_fd_put_ptr().\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both sides of the race\u2014one thread updating/deleting the outer map entry while another triggers the attached BPF program (as demonstrated by the upstream map_in_map selftest)\u2014so no attacker-uncontrollable timing or memory-layout condition is required.\nPR:L - ARRAY_OF_MAPS/HASH_OF_MAPS are in map_create()\u0027s explicitly unprivileged branch, and with unprivileged_bpf_disabled=0 (default on affected 5.9\u20135.15 kernels and common on Android/embedded) a plain local user can create them and drive the UAF via SOCKET_FILTER; CAP_BPF is otherwise a delegatable non-root capability routinely granted to containers and agents.\nUI:N - The attacker creates the maps, loads/attaches the program, and performs the concurrent update/delete themselves; no separate victim action is required.\nS:U - This is a standard host-kernel use-after-free privilege escalation within the same OS security authority, with no VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or other cross-boundary impact.\nC:H - The inner map (e.g. bpf_array) is freed via array_map_free()/htab_map_free() while a BPF program still dereferences it (KASAN slab-UAF), giving the attacker control over a reclaimable kernel object and enabling arbitrary read primitives.\nI:H - The same heap UAF of the inner map object is sprayable and exploitable for arbitrary write and control-flow hijacking once the freed map memory is reclaimed under attacker control.\nA:H - Even without a full exploit, concurrent use of the prematurely freed inner map causes kernel oops/KASAN faults (as shown in the selftest report in array_map_update_elem), fully denying availability."
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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-52452",
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                "timestamp": "2024-02-22T19:34:47.236363Z",
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix accesses to uninit stack slots\n\nPrivileged programs are supposed to be able to read uninitialized stack\nmemory (ever since 6715df8d5) but, before this patch, these accesses\nwere permitted inconsistently. In particular, accesses were permitted\nabove state-\u003eallocated_stack, but not below it. In other words, if the\nstack was already \"large enough\", the access was permitted, but\notherwise the access was rejected instead of being allowed to \"grow the\nstack\". This undesired rejection was happening in two places:\n- in check_stack_slot_within_bounds()\n- in check_stack_range_initialized()\nThis patch arranges for these accesses to be permitted. A bunch of tests\nthat were relying on the old rejection had to change; all of them were\nchanged to add also run unprivileged, in which case the old behavior\npersists. One tests couldn\u0027t be updated - global_func16 - because it\ncan\u0027t run unprivileged for other reasons.\n\nThis patch also fixes the tracking of the stack size for variable-offset\nreads. This second fix is bundled in the same commit as the first one\nbecause they\u0027re inter-related. Before this patch, writes to the stack\nusing registers containing a variable offset (as opposed to registers\nwith fixed, known values) were not properly contributing to the\nfunction\u0027s needed stack size. As a result, it was possible for a program\nto verify, but then to attempt to read out-of-bounds data at runtime\nbecause a too small stack had been allocated for it.\n\nEach function tracks the size of the stack it needs in\nbpf_subprog_info.stack_depth, which is maintained by\nupdate_stack_depth(). For regular memory accesses, check_mem_access()\nwas calling update_state_depth() but it was passing in only the fixed\npart of the offset register, ignoring the variable offset. This was\nincorrect; the minimum possible value of that register should be used\ninstead.\n\nThis tracking is now fixed by centralizing the tracking of stack size in\ngrow_stack_state(), and by lifting the calls to grow_stack_state() to\ncheck_stack_access_within_bounds() as suggested by Andrii. The code is\nnow simpler and more convincingly tracks the correct maximum stack size.\ncheck_stack_range_initialized() can now rely on enough stack having been\nallocated for the access; this helps with the fix for the first issue.\n\nA few tests were changed to also check the stack depth computation. The\none that fails without this patch is verifier_var_off:stack_write_priv_vs_unpriv."
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    "cveId": "CVE-2023-52452",
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    "dateReserved": "2024-02-20T12:30:33.293Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T15:25:31.140Z",
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