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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

12317 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-28532 (GCVE-0-2026-28532)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-30 20:17 – Updated: 2026-05-25 23:41 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
FRRouting < 10.5.3 Integer Overflow in OSPF TLV Parser Functions
Summary
FRRouting before 10.5.3 contains an integer overflow vulnerability in seven OSPF Traffic Engineering and Segment Routing TLV parser functions where a uint16_t accumulator variable truncates uint32_t values returned by the TLV_SIZE() macro, causing the loop termination condition to fail while pointer advancement continues unchecked. Attackers with an established OSPF adjacency can send a crafted LS Update packet with a malicious Type 10 or Type 11 Opaque LSA to trigger out-of-bounds memory reads and crash all affected routers in the OSPF area or autonomous system.
Severity
6 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-01 16:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FRRouting frr Affected: 0 , < 10.5.3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-03-05 00:00
Credits
Kazuma Matsumoto, a security researcher at GMO Cybersecurity by IERAE, Inc. VulnCheck
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-28528 (GCVE-0-2026-28528)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-30 14:08 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:39 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
BlueKitchen BTstack < 1.8.1 AVRCP Browsing Target GET_FOLDER_ITEMS Handler OOB Read / Undefined Behavior
Summary
BlueKitchen BTstack versions prior to 1.8.1 contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the AVRCP Browsing Target GET_FOLDER_ITEMS handler that fails to validate packet boundaries and attribute count data. An attacker with a paired Bluetooth Classic connection can exploit insufficient bounds checking on the attr_id parameter to cause crashes and corrupt attribute bitmap state.
Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-30 16:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-758 - Reliance on Undefined, Unspecified, or Implementation-Defined Behavior
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
BlueKitchen GmbH BTstack Affected: 0 , < 1.8.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Kazuma Matsumoto, a security researcher at GMO Cybersecurity by IERAE, Inc. VulnCheck
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-28527 (GCVE-0-2026-28527)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-30 14:07 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:39 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
BlueKitchen BTstack < 1.8.1 AVRCP Controller GET_PLAYER_APPLICATION_SETTING_*_TEXT Handlers OOB Read
Summary
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Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-01 18:08 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
BlueKitchen GmbH BTstack Affected: 0 , < 1.8.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Kazuma Matsumoto, a security researcher at GMO Cybersecurity by IERAE, Inc. VulnCheck
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-28526 (GCVE-0-2026-28526)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-30 14:06 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:39 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
BlueKitchen BTstack < 1.8.1 AVRCP Controller LIST_PLAYER_APPLICATION_SETTING_* Handlers OOB Read
Summary
BlueKitchen BTstack versions prior to 1.8.1 contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the AVRCP Controller LIST_PLAYER_APPLICATION_SETTING_ATTRIBUTES and LIST_PLAYER_APPLICATION_SETTING_VALUES handlers that allows attackers to read beyond buffer boundaries. A nearby attacker with a paired Bluetooth Classic connection can send a specially crafted VENDOR_DEPENDENT response with an attacker-controlled count value to trigger an out-of-bounds read from the L2CAP receive buffer, potentially causing a crash on resource-constrained devices.
Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-30 14:39 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
BlueKitchen GmbH BTstack Affected: 0 , < 1.8.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Kazuma Matsumoto, a security researcher at GMO Cybersecurity by IERAE, Inc. VulnCheck
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-28525 (GCVE-0-2026-28525)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-23 20:59 – Updated: 2026-07-28 01:48
VLAI
Title
SWUpdate Integer Underflow in Multipart Upload Parser
Summary
SWUpdate contains an integer underflow vulnerability in the multipart upload parser in mongoose_multipart.c that allows unauthenticated attackers to cause a denial of service by sending a crafted HTTP POST request to /upload with a malformed multipart boundary and controlled TCP stream timing. Attackers can trigger an integer underflow in the mg_http_multipart_continue_wait_for_chunk() function when the buffer length falls within a specific range, causing an out-of-bounds heap read past the allocated receive buffer to a local IPC socket.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-25 01:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-191 - Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
sbabic swupdate Affected: 0 , ≤ 2025.12 (custom)
Unaffected: beee2dc0feef1cfe84f1aa6fc980e104b2e47a74 (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:swupdate:swupdate:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Kazuma Matsumoto, a security researcher at GMO Cybersecurity by IERAE, Inc. VulnCheck
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-28521 (GCVE-0-2026-28521)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-15 13:35 – Updated: 2026-03-16 14:20
VLAI
Title
arduino-TuyaOpen TuyaIoT Out-of-Bounds Memory Read Information Disclosure
Summary
arduino-TuyaOpen before version 1.2.1 contains an out-of-bounds memory read vulnerability in the TuyaIoT component. An attacker who hijacks or controls the Tuya cloud service can issue malicious DP event data to victim devices, causing out-of-bounds memory access that may result in information disclosure or a denial-of-service condition.
Severity
7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-16 14:13 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Tuya arduino-TuyaOpen Affected: 0 , < 1.2.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-03-11 00:00
Credits
Maxime ROSSI BELLOM
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-28420 (GCVE-0-2026-28420)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-27 22:04 – Updated: 2026-03-02 21:55
VLAI
Title
Vim has Heap-based Buffer Overflow and OOB Read in :terminal
Summary
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0076, a heap-based buffer overflow WRITE and an out-of-bounds READ exist in Vim's terminal emulator when processing maximum combining characters from Unicode supplementary planes. Version 9.2.0076 fixes the issue.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-02 21:54 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vim vim Affected: < 9.2.0076
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-28419 (GCVE-0-2026-28419)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-27 22:02 – Updated: 2026-03-02 21:54
VLAI
Title
Vim has Heap-based Buffer Underflow in Emacs tags parsing
Summary
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0075, a heap-based buffer underflow exists in Vim's Emacs-style tags file parsing logic. When processing a malformed tags file where a delimiter appears at the start of a line, Vim attempts to read memory immediately preceding the allocated buffer. Version 9.2.0075 fixes the issue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-02 21:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-124 - Buffer Underwrite ('Buffer Underflow')
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vim vim Affected: < 9.2.0075
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-28418 (GCVE-0-2026-28418)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-27 21:58 – Updated: 2026-03-02 21:52
VLAI
Title
Vim has Heap-based Buffer Overflow in Emacs tags parsing
Summary
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0074, a heap-based buffer overflow out-of-bounds read exists in Vim's Emacs-style tags file parsing logic. When processing a malformed tags file, Vim can be tricked into reading up to 7 bytes beyond the allocated memory boundary. Version 9.2.0074 fixes the issue.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-02 21:52 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vim vim Affected: < 9.2.0074
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-28386 (GCVE-0-2026-28386)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-07 22:00 – Updated: 2026-04-10 20:16
VLAI
Title
Out-of-bounds Read in AES-CFB-128 on X86-64 with AVX-512 Support
Summary
Issue summary: Applications using AES-CFB128 encryption or decryption on systems with AVX-512 and VAES support can trigger an out-of-bounds read of up to 15 bytes when processing partial cipher blocks. Impact summary: This out-of-bounds read may trigger a crash which leads to Denial of Service for an application if the input buffer ends at a memory page boundary and the following page is unmapped. There is no information disclosure as the over-read bytes are not written to output. The vulnerable code path is only reached when processing partial blocks (when a previous call left an incomplete block and the current call provides fewer bytes than needed to complete it). Additionally, the input buffer must be positioned at a page boundary with the following page unmapped. CFB mode is not used in TLS/DTLS protocols, which use CBC, GCM, CCM, or ChaCha20-Poly1305 instead. For these reasons the issue was assessed as Low severity according to our Security Policy. Only x86-64 systems with AVX-512 and VAES instruction support are affected. Other architectures and systems without VAES support use different code paths that are not affected. OpenSSL FIPS module in 3.6 version is affected by this issue.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-10 20:15 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenSSL OpenSSL Affected: 3.6.0 , < 3.6.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-07 14:00
Credits
Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research) Pavel Kohout (Aisle Research) Alex Gaynor (Anthropic) Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research) Pavel Kohout (Aisle Research) Alex Gaynor (Anthropic)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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              "value": "Issue summary: Applications using AES-CFB128 encryption or decryption on\u003cbr\u003esystems with AVX-512 and VAES support can trigger an out-of-bounds read\u003cbr\u003eof up to 15 bytes when processing partial cipher blocks.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact summary: This out-of-bounds read may trigger a crash which leads to\u003cbr\u003eDenial of Service for an application if the input buffer ends at a memory\u003cbr\u003epage boundary and the following page is unmapped. There is no information\u003cbr\u003edisclosure as the over-read bytes are not written to output.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe vulnerable code path is only reached when processing partial blocks\u003cbr\u003e(when a previous call left an incomplete block and the current call provides\u003cbr\u003efewer bytes than needed to complete it). Additionally, the input buffer\u003cbr\u003emust be positioned at a page boundary with the following page unmapped.\u003cbr\u003eCFB mode is not used in TLS/DTLS protocols, which use CBC, GCM, CCM, or\u003cbr\u003eChaCha20-Poly1305 instead. For these reasons the issue was assessed as\u003cbr\u003eLow severity according to our Security Policy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOnly x86-64 systems with AVX-512 and VAES instruction support are affected.\u003cbr\u003eOther architectures and systems without VAES support use different code\u003cbr\u003epaths that are not affected.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOpenSSL FIPS module in 3.6 version is affected by this issue."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Issue summary: Applications using AES-CFB128 encryption or decryption on\nsystems with AVX-512 and VAES support can trigger an out-of-bounds read\nof up to 15 bytes when processing partial cipher blocks.\n\nImpact summary: This out-of-bounds read may trigger a crash which leads to\nDenial of Service for an application if the input buffer ends at a memory\npage boundary and the following page is unmapped. There is no information\ndisclosure as the over-read bytes are not written to output.\n\nThe vulnerable code path is only reached when processing partial blocks\n(when a previous call left an incomplete block and the current call provides\nfewer bytes than needed to complete it). Additionally, the input buffer\nmust be positioned at a page boundary with the following page unmapped.\nCFB mode is not used in TLS/DTLS protocols, which use CBC, GCM, CCM, or\nChaCha20-Poly1305 instead. For these reasons the issue was assessed as\nLow severity according to our Security Policy.\n\nOnly x86-64 systems with AVX-512 and VAES instruction support are affected.\nOther architectures and systems without VAES support use different code\npaths that are not affected.\n\nOpenSSL FIPS module in 3.6 version is affected by this issue."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "format": "other",
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "text": "Low"
            },
            "type": "https://openssl-library.org/policies/general/security-policy/"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-125",
              "description": "CWE-125 Out-of-bounds Read",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-07T22:00:50.164Z",
        "orgId": "3a12439a-ef3a-4c79-92e6-6081a721f1e5",
        "shortName": "openssl"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "OpenSSL Advisory",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260407.txt"
        },
        {
          "name": "3.6.2 git commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/61f428a2fc6671ede184a19f71e6e495f0689621"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Out-of-bounds Read in AES-CFB-128 on X86-64 with AVX-512 Support",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "3a12439a-ef3a-4c79-92e6-6081a721f1e5",
    "assignerShortName": "openssl",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-28386",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-07T22:00:50.164Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-02-27T13:45:02.161Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-10T20:16:08.389Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

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