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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

12317 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-22023 (GCVE-0-2026-22023)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 00:17 – Updated: 2026-01-13 17:17
VLAI
Title
CryptoLib Has Out-of-Bounds Read in KMC AEAD Encrypt Metadata Parsing via Flawed strtok Pattern
Summary
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.3, there is an out-of-bounds heap read vulnerability in cryptography_aead_encrypt(). This issue has been patched in version 1.4.3.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-13 17:17 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nasa CryptoLib Affected: < 1.4.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-21900 (GCVE-0-2026-21900)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 00:14 – Updated: 2026-01-13 17:16
VLAI
Title
CryptoLib Has Out-of-Bounds Read in KMC Encrypt Metadata Parsing via Flawed strtok Pattern
Summary
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.3, an out-of-bounds heap read vulnerability in cryptography_encrypt() occurs when parsing JSON metadata from KMC server responses. The flawed strtok iteration pattern uses ptr + strlen(ptr) + 1 which reads one byte past allocated buffer boundaries when processing short or malformed metadata strings. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.3.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-13 17:16 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nasa CryptoLib Affected: < 1.4.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-21899 (GCVE-0-2026-21899)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 00:11 – Updated: 2026-01-12 20:23
VLAI
Title
CryptoLib has an out-of-bounds read and crash vulnerability when decoding an empty Base64url string
Summary
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.3, in base64urlDecode, padding-stripping dereferences input[inputLen - 1] before checking that inputLen > 0 or that input != NULL. For inputLen == 0, this becomes an OOB read at input[-1], potentially crashing the process. If input == NULL and inputLen == 0, it dereferences NULL - 1. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.3.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-12 20:22 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nasa CryptoLib Affected: < 1.4.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-21898 (GCVE-0-2026-21898)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 00:10 – Updated: 2026-01-12 20:22
VLAI
Title
CryptoLib Has Out-of-bounds Read in Crypto_AOS_ProcessSecurity
Summary
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.3, the Crypto_AOS_ProcessSecurity function reads memory without valid bounds checking when parsing AOS frame hashes. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.3.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-12 20:22 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nasa CryptoLib Affected: < 1.4.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-21888 (GCVE-0-2026-21888)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 15:22 – Updated: 2026-03-11 15:35
VLAI
Title
MQTT v5 Variable Byte Integer parsing out-of-bounds: get_var_integer()
Summary
NanoMQ MQTT Broker (NanoMQ) is an all-around Edge Messaging Platform. MQTT v5 Variable Byte Integer parsing out-of-bounds: get_var_integer() accepts 5-byte varints without bounds checks; reliably triggers OOB read / crash when built with ASan. This affects 0.24.6 and earlier.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-11 15:35 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nanomq nanomq Affected: <= 0.24.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-21863 (GCVE-0-2026-21863)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-23 19:41 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:19
VLAI
Title
Malformed Valkey Cluster bus message can lead to Remote DoS
Summary
Valkey is a distributed key-value database. Prior to versions 9.0.2, 8.1.6, 8.0.7, and 7.2.12, a malicious actor with access to the Valkey clusterbus port can send an invalid packet that may cause an out bound read, which might result in the system crashing. The Valkey clusterbus packet processing code does not validate that a clusterbus ping extension packet is located within buffer of the clusterbus packet before attempting to read it. Versions 9.0.2, 8.1.6, 8.0.7, and 7.2.12 fix the issue. As an additional mitigation, don't expose the cluster bus connection directly to end users, and protect the connection with its own network ACLs.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-25 14:58 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
valkey-io valkey Affected: < 7.2.12
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.0.7
Affected: >= 8.1.0, < 8.1.6
Affected: >= 9.0.0, < 9.0.2
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 Unaffected: 0:8.0.7-1.el10_1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support Unaffected: 0:8.0.7-1.el10_0 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Unaffected: 0:8.0.7-1.el9_7 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Hardened Images Unaffected: 9.0.3-1.2.hum1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-21678 (GCVE-0-2026-21678)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-07 17:11 – Updated: 2026-01-07 19:27
VLAI
Title
iccDEV has heap-buffer-overflow vulnerability on IccTagXml()
Summary
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools that allow for the interaction, manipulation, and application of ICC color management profiles. Prior to version 2.3.1.2, iccDEV is vulnerable to heap-buffer-overflow vulnerability in IccTagXml(). This issue has been patched in version 2.3.1.2.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-07 18:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-21494 (GCVE-0-2026-21494)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-06 19:00 – Updated: 2026-01-06 19:25
VLAI
Title
iccDEV has heap buffer overflow in CIccTagLut8::Validate()
Summary
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools that allow for the interaction, manipulation, and application of International Color Consortium (ICC) color management profiles. A vulnerability present in versions prior to 2.3.1.2 affects users of the iccDEV library who process ICC color profiles. It results in heap buffer overflow in `CIccTagLut8::Validate()`. Version 2.3.1.2 contains a patch. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-06 19:24 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-21491 (GCVE-0-2026-21491)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-06 19:07 – Updated: 2026-01-06 19:36
VLAI
Title
iccDEV has unicode buffer overflow in CIccTagTextDescription
Summary
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools that allow for the interaction, manipulation, and application of International Color Consortium (ICC) color management profiles. A vulnerability present in versions prior to 2.3.1.2 affects users of the iccDEV library who process ICC color profiles. It results in unicode buffer overflow in `CIccTagTextDescription`. Version 2.3.1.2 contains a patch. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-06 19:22 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-21490 (GCVE-0-2026-21490)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-06 19:04 – Updated: 2026-01-06 19:59
VLAI
Title
iccDEV has heap buffer overflow in CIccTagLut16::Validate()
Summary
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools that allow for the interaction, manipulation, and application of International Color Consortium (ICC) color management profiles. A vulnerability present in versions prior to 2.3.1.2 affects users of the iccDEV library who process ICC color profiles. It results in heap buffer overflow in `CIccTagLut16::Validate()`. Version 2.3.1.2 contains a patch. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-06 19:59 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

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