Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1321
AllowedImproperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
779 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-27307 (GCVE-0-2024-27307)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-06 19:24 – Updated: 2024-08-13 17:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JSONata expression can pollute the "Object" prototype
Summary
JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Starting in version 1.4.0 and prior to version 1.8.7 and 2.0.4, a malicious expression can use the transform operator to override properties on the `Object` constructor and prototype. This may lead to denial of service, remote code execution or other unexpected behavior in applications that evaluate user-provided JSONata expressions. This issue has been fixed in JSONata versions 1.8.7 and 2.0.4. Applications that evaluate user-provided expressions should update ASAP to prevent exploitation. As a workaround, one may apply the patch manually.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/1d57… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/335d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/commit/c907… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jsonata-js/jsonata/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jsonata-js | jsonata |
Affected:
>= 1.4.0, < 1.8.7
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.4 |
|
| jsonatajs | jsonata |
Affected:
1.4.0 , < 1.8.7
(custom)
Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.0.4 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:jsonatajs:jsonata:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-23339 (GCVE-0-2024-23339)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-22 22:54 – Updated: 2025-06-17 21:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
hoolock does not block Prototype pollution with object-path related utilities
Summary
hoolock is a suite of lightweight utilities designed to maintain a small footprint when bundled. Starting in version 2.0.0 and prior to version 2.2.1, utility functions related to object paths (`get`, `set`, and `update`) did not block attempts to access or alter object prototypes. Starting in version 2.2.1, the `get`, `set` and `update` functions throw a `TypeError` when a user attempts to access or alter inherited properties.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/elijahharry/hoolock/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/elijahharry/hoolock/commit/97a… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| elijahharry | hoolock |
Affected:
>= 2.0.0, < 2.2.1
|
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CVE-2024-14020 (GCVE-0-2024-14020)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-07 00:02 – Updated: 2026-02-23 08:19 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
carboneio carbone Formatter input.js prototype pollution
Summary
A weakness has been identified in carboneio carbone up to fbcd349077ad0e8748be73eab2a82ea92b6f8a7e. This impacts an unknown function of the file lib/input.js of the component Formatter Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. The attack can be launched remotely. This attack is characterized by high complexity. The exploitability is said to be difficult. Upgrading to version 3.5.6 will fix this issue. This patch is called 04f9feb24bfca23567706392f9ad2c53bbe4134e. You should upgrade the affected component. A successful exploitation can "only occur if the parent NodeJS application has the same security issue".
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.339503 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.339503 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/carboneio/carbone/commit/04f9f… | patch |
| https://github.com/carboneio/carbone/releases/tag/3.5.6 | patch |
| https://github.com/carboneio/carbone/ | product |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2024-12629 (GCVE-0-2024-12629)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-12 15:37 – Updated: 2025-02-12 15:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype Pollution in Progress® Telerik® KendoReact
Summary
In Progress® Telerik® KendoReact versions v3.5.0 through v9.4.0, an attacker can introduce or modify properties within the global prototype chain which can result in denial of service or command injection.
Severity
4.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.telerik.com/kendo-react-ui/components… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progress Software | Telerik KendoReact |
Affected:
3.5.0 , < 9.4.0
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-12556 (GCVE-0-2024-12556)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-08 20:04 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kibana Prototype Pollution can lead to code injection
Summary
Prototype Pollution in Kibana can lead to code injection via unrestricted file upload combined with path traversal.
Severity
8.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-11628 (GCVE-0-2024-11628)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-12 16:17 – Updated: 2025-02-12 19:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype Pollution in Progress® Telerik® Kendo UI for Vue
Summary
In Progress® Telerik® Kendo UI for Vue versions v2.4.0 through v6.0.1, an attacker can introduce or modify properties within the global prototype chain which can result in denial of service or command injection.
Severity
4.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.telerik.com/kendo-vue-ui/components/k… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progress Software | Progress® Telerik® Kendo UI for Vue |
Affected:
2.4.0 , < 6.1.0
(custom)
|
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CVE-2024-2495 (GCVE-0-2024-2495)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-15 13:07 – Updated: 2024-08-01 19:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cryptographic key in plain text vulnerability in FriendlyElec's FriendlyWrt
Summary
Cryptographic key vulnerability encoded in the FriendlyWrt firmware affecting version 2022-11-16.51b3d35. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to compromise the confidentiality and integrity of encrypted data.
Severity
5.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FriendlyElec | FriendlyWrt |
Affected:
2022-11-16.51b3d35
|
Date Public
2024-03-15 11:00
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CVE-2023-45827 (GCVE-0-2023-45827)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-06 17:25 – Updated: 2024-09-04 18:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype Pollution vulnerability in @clickbar/dot-diver
Summary
Dot diver is a lightweight, powerful, and dependency-free TypeScript utility library that provides types and functions to work with object paths in dot notation. In versions prior to 1.0.2 there is a Prototype Pollution vulnerability in the `setByPath` function which can leads to remote code execution (RCE). This issue has been addressed in commit `98daf567` which has been included in release 1.0.2. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds to this vulnerability.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/clickbar/dot-diver/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2023-45811 (GCVE-0-2023-45811)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-17 22:37 – Updated: 2024-09-13 15:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype pollution vulnerability leading to arbitrary code execution in synchrony deobfuscator
Summary
Synchrony deobfuscator is a javascript cleaner & deobfuscator. A `__proto__` pollution vulnerability exists in versions before v2.4.4. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution. A `__proto__` pollution vulnerability exists in the `LiteralMap` transformer allowing crafted input to modify properties in the Object prototype. A fix has been released in `deobfuscator@2.4.4`. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should launch node with the [--disable-proto=delete][disable-proto] or [--disable-proto=throw][disable-proto] flags
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/relative/synchrony/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/relative/synchrony/commit/b583… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/relative/synchrony/security/ad… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-39296 (GCVE-0-2023-39296)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-05 16:19 – Updated: 2025-06-03 14:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A prototype pollution vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to override existing attributes with ones that have incompatible type, which may lead to a crash via a network.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 and later
QuTS hero h5.1.3.2578 build 20231110 and later
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.1.x , < 5.1.3.2578 build 20231110
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.1.x , < h5.1.3.2578 build 20231110
(custom)
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Mitigation
Implementation
By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation
Implementation
By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation
Implementation
Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.