Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-212
AllowedImproper Removal of Sensitive Information Before Storage or Transfer
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product stores, transfers, or shares a resource that contains sensitive information, but it does not properly remove that information before the product makes the resource available to unauthorized actors.
174 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2020-25635 (GCVE-0-2020-25635)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-10-05 13:23 – Updated: 2024-08-04 15:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A flaw was found in Ansible Base when using the aws_ssm connection plugin as garbage collector is not happening after playbook run is completed. Files would remain in the bucket exposing the data. This issue affects directly data confidentiality.
Severity
5 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AWS Community | Community Collections |
Affected:
from 1.0.0 to 1.2.0
|
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CVE-2020-15094 (GCVE-0-2020-15094)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-09-02 17:35 – Updated: 2024-08-04 13:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
RCE in Symfony
Summary
In Symfony before versions 4.4.13 and 5.1.5, the CachingHttpClient class from the HttpClient Symfony component relies on the HttpCache class to handle requests. HttpCache uses internal headers like X-Body-Eval and X-Body-File to control the restoration of cached responses. The class was initially written with surrogate caching and ESI support in mind (all HTTP calls come from a trusted backend in that scenario). But when used by CachingHttpClient and if an attacker can control the response for a request being made by the CachingHttpClient, remote code execution is possible. This has been fixed in versions 4.4.13 and 5.1.5.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-212 - {"CWE-212":"Improper Removal of Sensitive Information Before Storage or Transfer"}
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/commit/d9910e0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://packagist.org/packages/symfony/symfony | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://packagist.org/packages/symfony/http-kernel | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
Impacted products
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CVE-2020-14370 (GCVE-0-2020-14370)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-09-23 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-04 12:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An information disclosure vulnerability was found in containers/podman in versions before 2.0.5. When using the deprecated Varlink API or the Docker-compatible REST API, if multiple containers are created in a short duration, the environment variables from the first container will get leaked into subsequent containers. An attacker who has control over the subsequent containers could use this flaw to gain access to sensitive information stored in such variables.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1874268 | |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisory |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisory |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
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CVE-2020-14301 (GCVE-0-2020-14301)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-27 19:44 – Updated: 2024-08-04 12:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An information disclosure vulnerability was found in libvirt in versions before 6.3.0. HTTP cookies used to access network-based disks were saved in the XML dump of the guest domain. This flaw allows an attacker to access potentially sensitive information in the domain configuration via the `dumpxml` command.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1848640 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2021062… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2018-6337 (GCVE-0-2018-6337)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-12-31 22:00 – Updated: 2025-05-06 16:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
folly::secureRandom will re-use a buffer between parent and child processes when fork() is called. That will result in multiple forked children producing repeat (or similar) results. This affects HHVM 3.26 prior to 3.26.3 and the folly library between v2017.12.11.00 and v2018.08.09.00.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-06 16:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-212 - Improper Cross-boundary Removal of Sensitive Data (CWE-212)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hhvm.com/blog/2018/05/24/hhvm-3.26.3.html | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/facebook/folly/commit/8e927ee4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/facebook/hhvm/commit/e2d10a1e3… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
Date Public
2018-12-31 00:00
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CVE-2018-5559 (GCVE-0-2018-5559)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-11-28 19:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Rapid7 Komand version 0.41.0 and prior, certain endpoints that are able to list the always encrypted-at-rest connection data could return some configurations of connection data without obscuring sensitive data from the API response sent over an encrypted channel. This issue does not affect Rapid7 Komand version 0.42.0 and later versions.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-212
- Improper Cross-boundary Removal of Sensitive Data
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.alexanderjaeger.de/cve-2018-5559_my_f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://docs.komand.com/docs/release-notes#sectio… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
Date Public
2018-11-07 00:00
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CVE-2018-1062 (GCVE-0-2018-1062)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-03-06 15:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability was discovered in oVirt 4.1.x before 4.1.9, where the combination of Enable Discard and Wipe After Delete flags for VM disks managed by oVirt, could cause a disk to be incompletely zeroed when removed from a VM. If the same storage blocks happen to be later allocated to a new disk attached to another VM, potentially sensitive data could be revealed to privileged users of that VM.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1549944 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHBA-2018:0135 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://gerrit.ovirt.org/#/c/84875/ | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://gerrit.ovirt.org/#/c/84861/ | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103433 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
Date Public
2018-03-06 00:00
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CVE-2017-15113 (GCVE-0-2017-15113)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-07-27 16:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 19:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
ovirt-engine before version 4.1.7.6 with log level set to DEBUG includes passwords in the log file without masking. Only administrators can change the log level and only administrators can access the logs. This presents a risk when debug-level logs are shared with vendors or other parties to troubleshoot issues.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gerrit.ovirt.org/gitweb?p=ovirt-engine.gi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101933 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHEA-2017:3138 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | ovirt-engine |
Affected:
4.1.7.6
|
Date Public
2017-11-12 00:00
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GHSA-22H5-PQ3X-2GF2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-03 22:07 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:32
VLAI
Summary
URI allows for userinfo Leakage in URI#join, URI#merge, and URI#+
Details
There is a possibility for userinfo leakage by in the uri gem. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2025-27221. We recommend upgrading the uri gem.
Details
The methods URI#join, URI#merge, and URI#+ retained userinfo, such as user:password, even after the host is replaced. When generating a URL to a malicious host from a URL containing secret userinfo using these methods, and having someone access that URL, an unintended userinfo leak could occur.
Please update URI gem to version 0.11.3, 0.12.4, 0.13.2, 1.0.3 or later.
Affected versions
uri gem versions < 0.11.3, 0.12.0 to 0.12.3, 0.13.0, 0.13.1 and 1.0.0 to 1.0.2.
Credits
Thanks to Tsubasa Irisawa (lambdasawa) for discovering this issue. Also thanks to nobu for additional fixes of this vulnerability.
Severity
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GHSA-23FW-V26W-5FGQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 20:25 – Updated: 2026-09-08 20:25
VLAI
Summary
Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-62900 – .NET Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Details
Executive summary
Microsoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git and Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git. This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.
Improper removal of sensitive information before storage or transfer in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Announcement
Announcement for this issue can be found at https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/TBD
CVSS Details
- Version: 3.1
- Severity: Medium
- Score: 5.9
- Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C - Weakness: CWE-212: Improper Removal of Sensitive Information Before Storage or Transfer
Affected Platforms
- Platforms: Windows, Linux, macOS
- Architectures: All
Affected Packages
The vulnerability affects any Microsoft .NET project if it uses any of affected package versions listed below
Published NuGet packages
| Package name | Affected version | Patched version |
|---|---|---|
| Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git | = 8.0.0 | No patched NuGet version; update to a fixed .NET 8 SDK |
| Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git | >= 10.0.102, <= 10.0.110 | 10.0.111 |
| Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git | >= 10.0.200, <= 10.0.204 | No patched NuGet version; the 10.0.2xx SDK feature band is no longer serviced |
| Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git | >= 10.0.300, <= 10.0.301 | 10.0.303 |
| Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git | = 8.0.0 | No patched NuGet version; update to a fixed .NET 8 SDK |
| Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git | >= 10.0.102, <= 10.0.110 | 10.0.111 |
| Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git | >= 10.0.200, <= 10.0.204 | No patched NuGet version; the 10.0.2xx SDK feature band is no longer serviced |
| Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git | >= 10.0.300, <= 10.0.301 | 10.0.303 |
The affected packages used by .NET 8 and .NET 9 SDKs are built with SDK-specific prerelease versions that aren't published as stable NuGet packages. Update to SDK 8.0.130 or 8.0.424, SDK 9.0.120 or 9.0.317, or SDK 10.0.111 or 10.0.303 to receive the fix.
Advisory FAQ
How do I know if I am affected?
If using a package listed in affected packages, you're exposed to the vulnerability.
How do I fix the issue?
- To fix the issue please install the latest version of .NET. If you have installed one or more .NET SDKs through Visual Studio, Visual Studio will prompt you to update Visual Studio, which will also update your .NET SDKs.
- If your application references the vulnerable package, update the package reference to the patched version. You can list the versions you have installed by running the
dotnet --infocommand.
Once you have installed the updated runtime or SDK, restart your apps for the update to take effect.
Additionally, if you've deployed self-contained applications targeting any of the impacted versions, these applications are also vulnerable and must be recompiled and redeployed.
Other Information
Reporting Security Issues
If you have found a potential security issue in a supported version of .NET, please report it to the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) via the MSRC Researcher Portal. Further information can be found in the MSRC Report an Issue FAQ.
Security reports made through MSRC may qualify for the Microsoft .NET Bounty. Details of the Microsoft .NET Bounty Program including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.
Support
You can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/runtime. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.
Disclaimer
The information provided in this advisory is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.
External Links
Acknowledgements
Ivan Demchuk
Revisions
V1.0 (08/11/2026): Advisory published.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
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"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.102"
},
{
"fixed": "10.0.111"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.200"
},
{
"last_affected": "10.0.204"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.301"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.300"
},
{
"fixed": "10.0.303"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62900"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-212"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-08T20:25:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T17:18:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Executive summary\n\nMicrosoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git and Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git. This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.\n\nImproper removal of sensitive information before storage or transfer in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.\n\n## Announcement\n\nAnnouncement for this issue can be found at https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/**TBD**\n\n## CVSS Details\n\n- **Version:** 3.1\n- **Severity:** Medium\n- **Score:** 5.9\n- **Vector:** `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C`\n- **Weakness:** CWE-212: Improper Removal of Sensitive Information Before Storage or Transfer\n\n## Affected Platforms\n\n- **Platforms:** Windows, Linux, macOS\n- **Architectures:** All\n\n## \u003ca name=\"affected-packages\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eAffected Packages\nThe vulnerability affects any Microsoft .NET project if it uses any of affected package versions listed below\n\n### \u003ca name=\"published-nuget-packages\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003ePublished NuGet packages\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git) | = 8.0.0 | No patched NuGet version; update to a fixed .NET 8 SDK\n[Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git) | \u003e= 10.0.102, \u003c= 10.0.110 | 10.0.111\n[Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git) | \u003e= 10.0.200, \u003c= 10.0.204 | No patched NuGet version; the 10.0.2xx SDK feature band is no longer serviced\n[Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Build.Tasks.Git) | \u003e= 10.0.300, \u003c= 10.0.301 | 10.0.303\n[Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git) | = 8.0.0 | No patched NuGet version; update to a fixed .NET 8 SDK\n[Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git) | \u003e= 10.0.102, \u003c= 10.0.110 | 10.0.111\n[Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git) | \u003e= 10.0.200, \u003c= 10.0.204 | No patched NuGet version; the 10.0.2xx SDK feature band is no longer serviced\n[Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.SourceLink.AzureRepos.Git) | \u003e= 10.0.300, \u003c= 10.0.301 | 10.0.303\n\nThe affected packages used by .NET 8 and .NET 9 SDKs are built with SDK-specific prerelease versions that aren\u0027t published as stable NuGet packages. Update to SDK 8.0.130 or 8.0.424, SDK 9.0.120 or 9.0.317, or SDK 10.0.111 or 10.0.303 to receive the fix.\n\n## Advisory FAQ\n\n### \u003ca name=\"how-affected\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHow do I know if I am affected?\n\nIf using a package listed in [affected packages](#affected-packages), you\u0027re exposed to the vulnerability.\n\n### \u003ca name=\"how-fix\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHow do I fix the issue?\n\n1. To fix the issue please install the latest version of .NET. If you have installed one or more .NET SDKs through Visual Studio, Visual Studio will prompt you to update Visual Studio, which will also update your .NET SDKs.\n2. If your application references the vulnerable package, update the package reference to the patched version. You can list the versions you have installed by running the `dotnet --info` command.\n\nOnce you have installed the updated runtime or SDK, restart your apps for the update to take effect.\n\nAdditionally, if you\u0027ve deployed [self-contained applications](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/deploying/#self-contained-deployments-scd) targeting any of the impacted versions, these applications are also vulnerable and must be recompiled and redeployed.\n\n## Other Information\n\n### Reporting Security Issues\n\nIf you have found a potential security issue in a supported version of .NET, please report it to the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) via the [MSRC Researcher Portal](https://msrc.microsoft.com/report/vulnerability/new). Further information can be found in the MSRC [Report an Issue FAQ](https://www.microsoft.com/msrc/faqs-report-an-issue).\n\nSecurity reports made through MSRC may qualify for the Microsoft .NET Bounty. Details of the Microsoft .NET Bounty Program including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.\n\n### Support\n\nYou can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/runtime. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.\n\n### Disclaimer\n\nThe information provided in this advisory is provided \"as is\" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.\n\n### External Links\n\n[CVE-2026-62900](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-62900)\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nIvan Demchuk\n\n### Revisions\n\nV1.0 (08/11/2026): Advisory published.",
"id": "GHSA-23fw-v26w-5fgq",
"modified": "2026-09-08T20:25:10Z",
"published": "2026-09-08T20:25:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dotnet/sourcelink/security/advisories/GHSA-23fw-v26w-5fgq"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62900"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/dotnet/sourcelink"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-62900"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-62900 \u2013 .NET Information Disclosure Vulnerability"
}
Mitigation
Requirements
Clearly specify which information should be regarded as private or sensitive, and require that the product offers functionality that allows the user to cleanse the sensitive information from the resource before it is published or exported to other parties.
Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
Mitigation MIT-57
Implementation
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Some tools can automatically analyze documents to redact, strip, or "sanitize" private information, although some human review might be necessary. Tools may vary in terms of which document formats can be processed.
- When calling an external program to automatically generate or convert documents, invoke the program with any available options that avoid generating sensitive metadata. Some formats have well-defined fields that could contain private data, such as Exchangeable image file format (Exif), which can contain potentially sensitive metadata such as geolocation, date, and time [REF-1515] [REF-1516].
Mitigation MIT-33
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Use naming conventions and strong types to make it easier to spot when sensitive data is being used. When creating structures, objects, or other complex entities, separate the sensitive and non-sensitive data as much as possible.
Mitigation
Implementation
Avoid errors related to improper resource shutdown or release (CWE-404), which may leave the sensitive data within the resource if it is in an incomplete state.
CAPEC-168: Windows ::DATA Alternate Data Stream
An attacker exploits the functionality of Microsoft NTFS Alternate Data Streams (ADS) to undermine system security. ADS allows multiple "files" to be stored in one directory entry referenced as filename:streamname. One or more alternate data streams may be stored in any file or directory. Normal Microsoft utilities do not show the presence of an ADS stream attached to a file. The additional space for the ADS is not recorded in the displayed file size. The additional space for ADS is accounted for in the used space on the volume. An ADS can be any type of file. ADS are copied by standard Microsoft utilities between NTFS volumes. ADS can be used by an attacker or intruder to hide tools, scripts, and data from detection by normal system utilities. Many anti-virus programs do not check for or scan ADS. Windows Vista does have a switch (-R) on the command line DIR command that will display alternate streams.