Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5970 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-64517 (GCVE-0-2025-64517)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 22:08 – Updated: 2026-02-12 15:49
VLAI
Title
sudo-rs doesn't record authenticating user properly in timestamp
Summary
sudo-rs is a memory safe implementation of sudo and su written in Rust. With `Defaults targetpw` (or `Defaults rootpw`) enabled, the password of the target account (or root account) instead of the invoking user is used for authentication. sudo-rs starting in version 0.2.5 and prior to version 0.2.10 incorrectly recorded the invoking user’s UID instead of the authenticated-as user's UID in the authentication timestamp. Any later `sudo` invocation on the same terminal while the timestamp was still valid would use that timestamp, potentially bypassing new authentication even if the policy would have required it. A highly-privileged user (able to run commands as other users, or as root, through sudo) who knows one password of an account they are allowed to run commands as, would be able to run commands as any other account the policy permits them to run commands for, even if they don't know the password for those accounts. A common instance of this would be that a user can still use their own password to run commands as root (the default behaviour of `sudo`), effectively negating the intended behaviour of the `targetpw` or `rootpw` options. Version 0.2.10 contains a patch for the issue. Versions prior to 0.2.5 are not affected, since they do not offer `Defaults targetpw` or `Defaults rootpw`.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
trifectatechfoundation sudo-rs Affected: >= 0.2.5, < 0.2.10
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2025-64513 (GCVE-0-2025-64513)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-10 22:05 – Updated: 2025-11-12 20:13
VLAI
Title
Milvus Proxy has Critical Authentication Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Milvus is an open-source vector database built for generative AI applications. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit a vulnerability in versions prior to 2.4.24, 2.5.21, and 2.6.5 to bypass all authentication mechanisms in the Milvus Proxy component, gaining full administrative access to the Milvus cluster. This grants the attacker the ability to read, modify, or delete data, and to perform privileged administrative operations such as database or collection management. This issue has been fixed in Milvus 2.4.24, 2.5.21, and 2.6.5. If immediate upgrade is not possible, a temporary mitigation can be applied by removing the sourceID header from all incoming requests at the gateway, API gateway, or load balancer level before they reach the Milvus Proxy. This prevents attackers from exploiting the authentication bypass behavior.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
milvus-io milvus Affected: < 2.4.24
Affected: >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.21
Affected: >= 2.6.0, < 2.6.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-64434 (GCVE-0-2025-64434)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-07 22:54 – Updated: 2025-11-10 19:03
VLAI
Title
KubeVirt Improper TLS Certificate Management Handling Allows API Identity Spoofing
Summary
KubeVirt is a virtual machine management add-on for Kubernetes. Prior to 1.5.3 and 1.6.1, due to the peer verification logic in virt-handler (via verifyPeerCert), an attacker who compromises a virt-handler instance, could exploit these shared credentials to impersonate virt-api and execute privileged operations against other virt-handler instances potentially compromising the integrity and availability of the VM managed by it. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.5.3 and 1.6.1.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kubevirt kubevirt Affected: < 1.5.3
Affected: >= 1.6.0-alpha.0, < 1.6.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-64432 (GCVE-0-2025-64432)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-07 18:38 – Updated: 2025-11-07 18:54
VLAI
Title
KubeVirt Affected by an Authentication Bypass in Kubernetes Aggregation Layer
Summary
KubeVirt is a virtual machine management add-on for Kubernetes. Versions 1.5.3 and below, and 1.6.0 contained a flawed implementation of the Kubernetes aggregation layer's authentication flow which could enable bypass of RBAC controls. It was discovered that the virt-api component fails to correctly authenticate the client when receiving API requests over mTLS. In particular, it fails to validate the CN (Common Name) field in the received client TLS certificates against the set of allowed values defined in the extension-apiserver-authentication configmap. Failre to validate certain fields in the client TLS certificate may allow an attacker to bypass existing RBAC controls by directly communicating with the aggregated API server, impersonating the Kubernetes API server and its aggregator component. This issue is fixed in versions 1.5.3 and 1.6.1.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
kubevirt kubevirt Affected: < 1.5.3
Affected: >= 1.6.0, < 1.6.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-64423 (GCVE-0-2025-64423)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-05 20:41 – Updated: 2026-01-05 21:48
VLAI
Title
Coolify has a Privilege Escalation - low privileged users can see and use admin invitation links
Summary
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. In Coolify versions up to and including v4.0.0-beta.434, a low privileged user (member) can see and use invitation links sent to an administrator. When they use the link before the legitimate recipient does, they are able to log in as an administrator, meaning they have successfully escalated their privileges. As of time of publication, it is unclear if a patch is available.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
coollabsio coolify Affected: <= 4.0.0-beta.434
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CVE-2025-64175 (GCVE-0-2025-64175)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-06 17:41 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:04
VLAI
Title
Gogs Vulnerable to 2FA Bypass via Recovery Code
Summary
Gogs is an open source self-hosted Git service. In version 0.13.3 and prior, Gogs’ 2FA recovery code validation does not scope codes by user, enabling cross-account bypass. If an attacker knows a victim’s username and password, they can use any unused recovery code (e.g., from their own account) to bypass the victim’s 2FA. This enables full account takeover and renders 2FA ineffective in all environments where it's enabled.. This issue has been patched in versions 0.13.4 and 0.14.0+dev.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
gogs gogs Affected: < 0.14.0+dev
Affected: < 0.13.4
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CVE-2025-64103 (GCVE-0-2025-64103)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 18:43 – Updated: 2025-10-30 14:51
VLAI
Title
Zitadel Bypass Second Authentication Factor
Summary
Starting from 2.53.6, 2.54.3, and 2.55.0, Zitadel only required multi factor authentication in case the login policy has either enabled requireMFA or requireMFAForLocalUsers. If a user has set up MFA without this requirement, Zitadel would consider single factor auhtenticated sessions as valid as well and not require multiple factors. Bypassing second authentication factors weakens multifactor authentication and enables attackers to bypass the more secure factor. An attacker can target the TOTP code alone, only six digits, bypassing password verification entirely and potentially compromising accounts with 2FA enabled. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.6.0, 3.4.3, and 2.71.18.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-308 - Use of Single-factor Authentication
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zitadel zitadel Affected: >= 4.0.0-rc.1, < 4.6.0
Affected: >= 3.0.0-rc.1, < 3.4.3
Affected: >= 2.55.0, < 2.71.18
Affected: >= 2.54.3, <= 2.54.10
Affected: >= 2.53.6, <= 2.53.9
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CVE-2025-62717 (GCVE-0-2025-62717)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-24 20:13 – Updated: 2025-10-24 20:34
VLAI
Title
Emlog Pro session verification code error due to clearing logic error
Summary
Emlog is an open source website building system. In version 2.5.23, Emlog Pro is vulnerable to a session verification code error due to a clearing logic error. This means the verification code could be reused anywhere an email verification code is required. This issue has been fixed in commit 1f726df.
Severity
2.7 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
emlog emlog Affected: = 2.5.23
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CVE-2025-62398 (GCVE-0-2025-62398)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-23 11:28 – Updated: 2025-10-24 14:11
VLAI
Title
Moodle: possible to bypass mfa
Summary
A serious authentication flaw allowed attackers with valid credentials to bypass multi-factor authentication under certain conditions, potentially compromising user accounts.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-62398 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2404431 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 5.0.0 , < 5.0.3 (semver)
Affected: 4.5.0 , < 4.5.7 (semver)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.11 (semver)
Date Public
2025-10-14 04:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank Petr Skoda for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-62376 (GCVE-0-2025-62376)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-14 21:58 – Updated: 2025-12-03 15:25
VLAI
Title
pwn.college DOJO vulnerable to improper authentication in workspace endpoint allowing unauthorized Windows VM access
Summary
pwn.college DOJO is an education platform for learning cybersecurity. Prior to commit 467db0b9ea0d9a929dc89b41f6eb59f7cfc68bef, the /workspace endpoint contains an improper authentication vulnerability that allows an attacker to access any active Windows VM without proper authorization. The vulnerability occurs in the view_desktop function where the user is retrieved via a URL parameter without verifying that the requester has administrative privileges. An attacker can supply any user ID and arbitrary password in the request parameters to impersonate another user. When requesting a Windows desktop service, the function does not validate the supplied password before generating access credentials, allowing the attacker to obtain an iframe source URL that grants full access to the target user's Windows VM. This impacts all users with active Windows VMs, as an attacker can access and modify data on the Windows machine and in the home directory of the associated Linux machine via the Z: drive. This issue has been patched in commit 467db0b9ea0d9a929dc89b41f6eb59f7cfc68bef. No known workarounds exist.
Severity
9.5 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pwncollege dojo Affected: < 467db0b9ea0d9a929dc89b41f6eb59f7cfc68bef
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

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