Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5970 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-68931 (GCVE-0-2025-68931)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 19:17 – Updated: 2026-01-13 19:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Jervis has AES CBC Mode Without Authentication
Summary
Jervis is a library for Job DSL plugin scripts and shared Jenkins pipeline libraries. Prior to 2.2, AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding lacks authentication, making it vulnerable to padding oracle attacks and ciphertext manipulation. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/samrocketman/jervis/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/samrocketman/jervis/commit/c39… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| samrocketman | jervis |
Affected:
< 2.2
|
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CVE-2025-68926 (GCVE-0-2025-68926)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-30 16:59 – Updated: 2026-01-05 14:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
RustFS has a gRPC Hardcoded Token Authentication Bypass
Summary
RustFS is a distributed object storage system built in Rust. In versions prior to 1.0.0-alpha.78, RustFS implements gRPC authentication using a hardcoded static token `"rustfs rpc"` that is publicly exposed in the source code repository, hardcoded on both client and server sides, non-configurable with no mechanism for token rotation, and universally valid across all RustFS deployments. Any attacker with network access to the gRPC port can authenticate using this publicly known token and execute privileged operations including data destruction, policy manipulation, and cluster configuration changes. Version 1.0.0-alpha.78 contains a fix for the issue.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2025-68663 (GCVE-0-2025-68663)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-11 20:29 – Updated: 2026-02-12 21:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Outline has a suspended user authentication bypass via WebSocket connections
Summary
Outline is a service that allows for collaborative documentation. Prior to 1.1.0, a vulnerability was found in Outline's WebSocket authentication mechanism that allows suspended users to maintain or establish real-time WebSocket connections and continue receiving sensitive operational updates after their account has been suspended. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.1.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/outline/outline/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/outline/outline/releases/tag/v1.1.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-68402 (GCVE-0-2025-68402)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-09 19:41 – Updated: 2026-03-09 20:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreshRSS has an authentication bypass due to truncated bcrypt hash [edge branch]
Summary
FreshRSS is a free, self-hostable RSS aggregator. From 57e1a37 - 00f2f04, the lengths of the nonce was changed from 40 chars to 64. password_verify() is currently being called with a constructed string (SHA-256 nonce + part of a bcrypt hash) instead of the raw user password. Due to bcrypt’s 72-byte input truncation, this causes password verification to succeed even when the user enters an incorrect password. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.27.2-dev (476e57b). The issue was only present in the edge branch and never in a stable release.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreshRSS/FreshRSS/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/FreshRSS/FreshRSS/pull/8061 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/FreshRSS/FreshRSS/pull/8320 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/FreshRSS/FreshRSS/commit/476e5… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-67859 (GCVE-0-2025-67859)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-14 11:34 – Updated: 2026-01-14 16:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Polkit Authorization Check can be Bypassed in the TLP power daemon
Summary
A Improper Authentication vulnerability in TLP allows local users to arbitrarily control the power
profile in use as well as the daemon’s log settings.This issue affects TLP: from 1.9 before 1.9.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| https://github.com/linrunner | TLP |
Affected:
1.9 , < 1.9.1
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-01-07 11:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-67507 (GCVE-0-2025-67507)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-10 00:43 – Updated: 2025-12-10 15:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Filament's multi-factor authentication (app) recovery codes can be used multiple times
Summary
Filament is a collection of full-stack components for accelerated Laravel development. Versions 4.0.0 through 4.3.0 contain a flaw in the handling of recovery codes for app-based multi-factor authentication, allowing the same recovery code to be reused indefinitely. This issue does not affect email-based MFA. It also only applies when recovery codes are enabled. This issue is fixed in version 4.3.1.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/filamentphp/filament/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/filamentphp/filament/commit/87… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| filamentphp | filament |
Affected:
>= 4.0.0, < 4.3.1
|
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CVE-2025-66515 (GCVE-0-2025-66515)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-05 17:37 – Updated: 2025-12-05 18:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nextcloud Approval app allows users to request approval for other users file
Summary
The Nextcloud Approval app allows approval or disapproval of files in the sidebar. Prior to 1.3.1 and 2.5.0, an authenticated user listed as a requester in a workflow can set another user’s file into the “pending approval” without access to the file by using the numeric file id. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.3.1 and 2.5.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/approval/pull/334 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/approval/commit/e30b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/3338748 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
>= 2.0.0, < 2.5.0
Affected: < 1.3.1 |
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CVE-2025-66039 (GCVE-0-2025-66039)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 21:32 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreePBX Endpoint Manager Allows Unauthenticated Logins to Administrator Control Panel via Forged Basic Auth Header
Summary
FreePBX Endpoint Manager is a module for managing telephony endpoints in FreePBX systems. Versions are vulnerable to authentication bypass when the authentication type is set to "webserver." When providing an Authorization header with an arbitrary value, a session is associated with the target user regardless of valid credentials. This issue is fixed in versions 16.0.44 and 17.0.23.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreePBX/security-reporting/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/FreePBX/framework/commit/04224… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.freepbx.org/watch-what-we-do-with-sec… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-66022 (GCVE-0-2025-66022)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-26 02:08 – Updated: 2025-11-26 15:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FACTION Unauthenticated Custom Extension Upload leads to RCE
Summary
FACTION is a PenTesting Report Generation and Collaboration Framework. Prior to version 1.7.1, an extension execution path in Faction’s extension framework permits untrusted extension code to execute arbitrary system commands on the server when a lifecycle hook is invoked, resulting in remote code execution (RCE) on the host running Faction. Due to a missing authentication check on the /portal/AppStoreDashboard endpoint, an attacker can access the extension management UI and upload a malicious extension without any authentication, making this vulnerability exploitable by unauthenticated users. This issue has been patched in version 1.7.1.
Severity
9.7 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/factionsecurity/faction/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/factionsecurity/faction/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| factionsecurity | faction |
Affected:
< 1.7.1
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"advisory": "GHSA-xr72-2g43-586w",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "FACTION Unauthenticated Custom Extension Upload leads to RCE"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-66022",
"datePublished": "2025-11-26T02:08:14.805Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-21T01:08:02.613Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-26T15:13:42.175Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-64717 (GCVE-0-2025-64717)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-13 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-13 17:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ZITADEL vulnerable to Account Takeover with deactivated Instance IdP
Summary
ZITADEL is an open source identity management platform. Starting in version 2.50.0 and prior to versions 2.71.19, 3.4.4, and 4.6.6, a vulnerability in ZITADEL's federation process allowed auto-linking users from external identity providers to existing users in ZITADEL even if the corresponding IdP was not active or if the organization did not allow federated authentication. This vulnerability stems from the platform's failure to correctly check or enforce an organization's specific security settings during the authentication flow. An Organization Administrator can explicitly disable an IdP or disallow federation, but this setting was not being honored during the auto-linking process. This allowed an unauthenticated attacker to initiate a login using an IdP that should have been disabled for that organization. The platform would incorrectly validate the login and, based on a matching criteria, link the attacker's external identity to an existing internal user account. This may result in a full Account Takeover, bypassing the organization's mandated security controls. Note that accounts with MFA enabled can not be taken over by this attack. Also note that only IdPs create on an instance level would allow this to work. IdPs registered on another organization would always be denied in the (auto-)linking process. Versions 4.6.6, 3.4.4, and 2.71.19 resolve the issue by correctly validating the organization's login policy before auto-linking an external user. No known workarounds are available aside from upgrading.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v3.4.4 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.6.6 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-64717",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-11-13T17:08:48.778483Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-13T17:09:03.838Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "zitadel",
"vendor": "zitadel",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 4.0.0-rc.1, \u003c 4.6.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 3.0.0-rc.1, \u003c 3.4.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 2.50.0, \u003c 2.71.19"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "ZITADEL is an open source identity management platform. Starting in version 2.50.0 and prior to versions 2.71.19, 3.4.4, and 4.6.6, a vulnerability in ZITADEL\u0027s federation process allowed auto-linking users from external identity providers to existing users in ZITADEL even if the corresponding IdP was not active or if the organization did not allow federated authentication. This vulnerability stems from the platform\u0027s failure to correctly check or enforce an organization\u0027s specific security settings during the authentication flow. An Organization Administrator can explicitly disable an IdP or disallow federation, but this setting was not being honored during the auto-linking process. This allowed an unauthenticated attacker to initiate a login using an IdP that should have been disabled for that organization. The platform would incorrectly validate the login and, based on a matching criteria, link the attacker\u0027s external identity to an existing internal user account. This may result in a full Account Takeover, bypassing the organization\u0027s mandated security controls. Note that accounts with MFA enabled can not be taken over by this attack. Also note that only IdPs create on an instance level would allow this to work. IdPs registered on another organization would always be denied in the (auto-)linking process. Versions 4.6.6, 3.4.4, and 2.71.19 resolve the issue by correctly validating the organization\u0027s login policy before auto-linking an external user. No known workarounds are available aside from upgrading."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.4,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-287",
"description": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-13T15:30:51.233Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-j4g7-v4m4-77px",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-j4g7-v4m4-77px"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.71.19",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.71.19"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v3.4.4",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v3.4.4"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.6.6",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.6.6"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-j4g7-v4m4-77px",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "ZITADEL vulnerable to Account Takeover with deactivated Instance IdP"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-64717",
"datePublished": "2025-11-13T15:30:51.233Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-11-10T14:07:42.922Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-13T17:09:03.838Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.