Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-345
DiscouragedInsufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
1187 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-19941 (GCVE-0-2026-19941)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 13:52 – Updated: 2026-09-17 18:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
checkwildcard() accepts an out-of-zone NSEC as a wildcard-nonexistence proof
Summary
An inapplicable NSEC record may be accepted by a `named` resolver as proof that no wildcard exists, which could allow an attacker at the same or an upstream level of the zone name to mask the existence of a victim's wildcard record.
This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.18.50, 9.20.0 through 9.20.27, 9.21.0 through 9.21.25, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.18.50-S1, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.27-S1.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 18:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2026-19941 | vendor-advisory |
| https://downloads.isc.org/isc/bind9/9.20.29 | patch |
| https://downloads.isc.org/isc/bind9/9.21.26 | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISC | BIND 9 |
Affected:
9.11.0 , ≤ 9.18.50
(custom)
Affected: 9.20.0 , ≤ 9.20.27 (custom) Affected: 9.21.0 , ≤ 9.21.25 (custom) Affected: 9.11.3-S1 , ≤ 9.18.50-S1 (custom) Affected: 9.20.9-S1 , ≤ 9.20.27-S1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:isc:bind:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:isc:bind:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:isc:bind:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:isc:bind:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:isc:bind:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-16 00:00
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CVE-2026-19410 (GCVE-0-2026-19410)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-31 08:14 – Updated: 2026-08-31 11:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Google Cloud Build Comment Control Bypass via Webhook Suppression
Summary
An Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in GitHub Trigger Comment Control in Google Cloud Build prior to 2026-06-24 on Google Cloud Platform allows a remote attacker to execute unreviewed code in the build environment using webhook suppression.
This vulnerability was patched on 24 June 2026, and no customer action is needed.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 11:11 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Google Cloud | Google Cloud Build |
Affected:
0 , < 2026-06-24
(date)
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CVE-2026-19219 (GCVE-0-2026-19219)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-02 10:35 – Updated: 2026-09-03 03:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DialogHandler UploadPaths Tampering Vulnerability in Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX
Summary
In Progress® Telerik® UI for AJAX prior to v2026.3.812, insufficient integrity protection of dialog request parameters used by the RadEditor file browser may allow an attacker who has obtained certain application encryption key material to alter the folders the file browser reads from, writes to, and uploads into, potentially resulting in remote code execution.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-02 00:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.telerik.com/products/aspnet-ajax/docu… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progress Software | Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX |
Affected:
2011.2.712 , < 2026.3.812
(custom)
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CVE-2026-19127 (GCVE-0-2026-19127)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 17:02 – Updated: 2026-08-07 14:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insufficient verification of lifetime-deal redemption codes allows forgery of permanent paid subscriptions
Summary
An issue in the billing and license activation subsystem allows remote attackers to bypass payment authorization workflows. By exploiting insufficient cryptographic validation or lack of server-side state verification on promotional/lifetime-deal (LTD) redemption codes, an unauthenticated attacker can forge valid redemption tokens or replay existing single-use codes to activate permanent, tier-highest paid subscriptions without a financial transaction.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 14:02 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gitroomhq/postiz-app/commit/38… | patch |
| https://github.com/gitroomhq/postiz-app/releases/… | release-notes |
| https://gadvisory.org/advisories/PSA-2026-NWZN9J | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitroomHQ | postiz-app |
Affected:
0 , < 2.21.10
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-06-22 13:46
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CVE-2026-19061 (GCVE-0-2026-19061)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 17:00 – Updated: 2026-08-08 02:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insta InstaKNXServiceApp Firmware Update CreateWebClientAndDownloadFileList data authenticity
Summary
A flaw has been found in Insta InstaKNXServiceApp 1.2.3.1469. Affected by this issue is the function CreateWebClientAndDownloadFileList of the component Firmware Update Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to insufficient verification of data authenticity. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-08 02:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/386531 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/386531/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-19061 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/864343 | third-party-advisory |
| https://gist.github.com/isZzzz/f9da7d76cf2f7b93ec… | broken-link |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Insta | InstaKNXServiceApp |
Affected:
1.2.3.1469
cpe:2.3:a:insta:instaknxserviceapp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-18674 (GCVE-0-2026-18674)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 12:08 – Updated: 2026-08-17 14:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kong Mesh multi-zone: the global control plane attributes KDS-synced resources by an unvalidated in-band zone identifier
Summary
On a Kong Mesh global control plane, resources received over the zone-to-global KDS sync are attributed using the in-band, sender-controlled ControlPlane.Identifier rather than the authenticated zone identity derived from the connection. Authenticated zones can have the global control plane store and re-distribute those resources as belonging to another zone.
The result is a cross-zone isolation bypass: the holder of a single enrolled zone's credential can inject, attribute, and overwrite resources in another zone's namespace mesh-wide.
The root cause lives in Kuma's open-source KDS sync code, which Kong Mesh's control plane is built on.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 14:46 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-18248 (GCVE-0-2026-18248)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-03 15:20 – Updated: 2026-08-03 19:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
@fastify/aws-lambda vulnerable to Lambda event spoofing via client-controlled x-apigateway-event header
Summary
@fastify/aws-lambda version 6.4.0 decorates each Fastify request with request.awsLambda.event and request.awsLambda.context, values that applications are documented to use for authorization decisions such as reading API Gateway authorizer claims. In the default configuration, the getter that populates this decoration reads the client-controlled x-apigateway-event and x-apigateway-context HTTP headers before falling back to the trusted internal request token, and those reserved headers are not stripped from the incoming event. An unauthenticated attacker who can set a single HTTP header can therefore forge the entire Lambda proxy event, including the authorizer context, and override the genuine one. This results in a full authentication and authorization bypass and privilege escalation for any application that trusts request.awsLambda.event for identity or access control. Only version 6.4.0 is affected. Patches: upgrade to @fastify/aws-lambda 6.4.1, which resolves the decoration only through the internal per-invocation token and strips the reserved headers before the request is processed.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-03 19:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| @fastify/aws-lambda | @fastify/aws-lambda |
Affected:
6.4.0 , < 6.4.1
(semver)
Unaffected: 6.4.1 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-14663 (GCVE-0-2026-14663)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 13:00 – Updated: 2026-08-29 23:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PostgreSQL pgcrypto, for OpenSSL-disabled ciphers, silently encrypts to and decrypts from cleartext
Summary
Cleartext storage in PostgreSQL pgcrypto disabled ciphers allows a user to recover cleartext, via direct observation of the faulty ciphertext. The OpenSSL version and OpenSSL configuration determine the disabled ciphers. If the application accepts encrypted data as input, decryption will succeed even with the wrong key. This in turn loses the modest protection from the Modification Detection Code (MDC). Affected functions are pgp_sym_encrypt, pgp_sym_decrypt, pgp_pub_encrypt, pgp_pub_decrypt, pgp_sym_encrypt_bytea, pgp_sym_decrypt_bytea, pgp_pub_encrypt_bytea, and pgp_pub_decrypt_bytea. Versions before PostgreSQL 18.6, 17.11, 16.15, 15.19, and 14.24 are affected.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 14:55 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | PostgreSQL |
Affected:
18 , < 18.6
(rpm)
Affected: 17 , < 17.11 (rpm) Affected: 16 , < 16.15 (rpm) Affected: 15 , < 15.19 (rpm) Affected: 0 , < 14.24 (rpm) |
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CVE-2026-13513 (GCVE-0-2026-13513)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-28 23:00 – Updated: 2026-06-29 11:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MyScale MyScaleDB SegmentId.h getCacheKey data authenticity
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in MyScale MyScaleDB up to 1.8.0. This vulnerability affects the function SegmentId::getCacheKey in the library src/VectorIndex/Common/SegmentId.h. The manipulation results in insufficient verification of data authenticity. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. It is stated that the exploitability is difficult. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-29 11:11 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/374521 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/374521/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-13513 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/838878 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/myscale/MyScaleDB/issues/54 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/myscale/MyScaleDB/pull/55 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/myscale/MyScaleDB/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-13507 (GCVE-0-2026-13507)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-28 21:30 – Updated: 2026-06-29 11:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
volcengine OpenViking Local VectorDB Primary-key Label str_to_uint64.py str_to_uint64 data authenticity
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in volcengine OpenViking up to 0.3.21. This affects the function str_to_uint64 of the file openviking/storage/vectordb/utils/str_to_uint64.py of the component Local VectorDB Primary-key Label Handler. The manipulation of the argument ID results in insufficient verification of data authenticity. The attack may be launched remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is reported as difficult. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-29 11:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/374515 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/374515/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-13507 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/838791 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking/issues/2263 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking/pull/2268 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| volcengine | OpenViking |
Affected:
0.3.0
Affected: 0.3.1 Affected: 0.3.2 Affected: 0.3.3 Affected: 0.3.4 Affected: 0.3.5 Affected: 0.3.6 Affected: 0.3.7 Affected: 0.3.8 Affected: 0.3.9 Affected: 0.3.10 Affected: 0.3.11 Affected: 0.3.12 Affected: 0.3.13 Affected: 0.3.14 Affected: 0.3.15 Affected: 0.3.16 Affected: 0.3.17 Affected: 0.3.18 Affected: 0.3.19 Affected: 0.3.20 Affected: 0.3.21 cpe:2.3:a:volcengine:openviking:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"value": "A vulnerability was detected in volcengine OpenViking up to 0.3.21. This affects the function str_to_uint64 of the file openviking/storage/vectordb/utils/str_to_uint64.py of the component Local VectorDB Primary-key Label Handler. The manipulation of the argument ID results in insufficient verification of data authenticity. The attack may be launched remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is reported as difficult. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 2.3,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 4.6,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:ND/RL:ND/RC:UR",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-345",
"description": "Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-28T21:30:09.767Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-374515 | volcengine OpenViking Local VectorDB Primary-key Label str_to_uint64.py str_to_uint64 data authenticity",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/374515"
},
{
"name": "VDB-374515 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/374515/cti"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-13507 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-13507"
},
{
"name": "Submit #838791 | ByteDance / Volcengine OpenViking Commit 55a0c0ea15d55dca231fc3a1654474032478bcd8 (2026-03-25); affected released versions unknown CWE-345 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/838791"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking/issues/2263"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking/pull/2268"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-28T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-28T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-28T08:23:11.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "volcengine OpenViking Local VectorDB Primary-key Label str_to_uint64.py str_to_uint64 data authenticity"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13507",
"datePublished": "2026-06-28T21:30:09.767Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-28T06:18:07.059Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-29T11:13:20.274Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing
An adversary modifies content to make it contain something other than what the original content producer intended while keeping the apparent source of the content unchanged. The term content spoofing is most often used to describe modification of web pages hosted by a target to display the adversary's content instead of the owner's content. However, any content can be spoofed, including the content of email messages, file transfers, or the content of other network communication protocols. Content can be modified at the source (e.g. modifying the source file for a web page) or in transit (e.g. intercepting and modifying a message between the sender and recipient). Usually, the adversary will attempt to hide the fact that the content has been modified, but in some cases, such as with web site defacement, this is not necessary. Content Spoofing can lead to malware exposure, financial fraud (if the content governs financial transactions), privacy violations, and other unwanted outcomes.
CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages
An attacker spoofs a UDDI, ebXML, or similar message in order to impersonate a service provider in an e-business transaction. UDDI, ebXML, and similar standards are used to identify businesses in e-business transactions. Among other things, they identify a particular participant, WSDL information for SOAP transactions, and supported communication protocols, including security protocols. By spoofing one of these messages an attacker could impersonate a legitimate business in a transaction or could manipulate the protocols used between a client and business. This could result in disclosure of sensitive information, loss of message integrity, or even financial fraud.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.