Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-345
DiscouragedInsufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
939 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-39689 (GCVE-0-2024-39689)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-05 18:39 – Updated: 2025-02-14 23:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Certifi removes GLOBALTRUST root certificate
Summary
Certifi is a curated collection of Root Certificates for validating the trustworthiness of SSL certificates while verifying the identity of TLS hosts. Certifi starting in 2021.5.30 and prior to 2024.7.4 recognized root certificates from `GLOBALTRUST`. Certifi 2024.7.04 removes root certificates from `GLOBALTRUST` from the root store. These are in the process of being removed from Mozilla's trust store. `GLOBALTRUST`'s root certificates are being removed pursuant to an investigation which identified "long-running and unresolved compliance issues."
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://groups.google.com/a/mozilla.org/g/dev-sec… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2024120… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| certifi | python-certifi |
Affected:
>= 2021.5.30, < 2024.7.4
|
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CVE-2024-38198 (GCVE-0-2024-38198)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-13 17:29 – Updated: 2025-07-10 16:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows Print Spooler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Windows Print Spooler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
25 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6189
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6189
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6189
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.2655
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.0 , < 10.0.22000.3147
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19043.0 , < 10.0.19044.4780
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.4037
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.4780
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4037
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4037
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1085
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.1457
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 |
Affected:
10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.20751
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7259
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7259
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7259
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22825
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22825
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22825
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27277
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27277
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25031
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25031
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22134
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22134
(custom)
|
Date Public
2024-08-13 07:00
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"product": "Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)",
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"product": "Windows 11 Version 24H2",
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CVE-2024-37968 (GCVE-0-2024-37968)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-13 17:30 – Updated: 2025-07-10 16:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows DNS Spoofing Vulnerability
Summary
Windows DNS Spoofing Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
15 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6189
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6189
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.2655
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1085
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7259
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7259
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22825
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22825
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.22825
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27277
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27277
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25031
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25031
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22134
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22134
(custom)
|
Date Public
2024-08-13 07:00
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CVE-2024-35175 (GCVE-0-2024-35175)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 22:05 – Updated: 2024-08-02 03:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
sshpiper's Enabling of Proxy Protocol without proper feature flagging allows faking source address
Summary
sshpiper is a reverse proxy for sshd. Starting in version 1.0.50 and prior to version 1.3.0, the way the proxy protocol listener is implemented in sshpiper can allow an attacker to forge their connecting address. Commit 2ddd69876a1e1119059debc59fe869cb4e754430 added the proxy protocol listener as the only listener in sshpiper, with no option to toggle this functionality off. This means that any connection that sshpiper is directly (or in some cases indirectly) exposed to can use proxy protocol to forge its source address. Any users of sshpiper who need logs from it for whitelisting/rate limiting/security investigations could have them become much less useful if an attacker is sending a spoofed source address. Version 1.3.0 contains a patch for the issue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tg123/sshpiper/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/tg123/sshpiper/commit/2ddd6987… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tg123/sshpiper/commit/70fb830d… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-34354 (GCVE-0-2024-34354)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-09 14:51 – Updated: 2024-08-02 02:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CMSaasStarter: JWT Token Not Verified on Server Session
Summary
CMSaaSStarter is a SaaS template/boilerplate built with SvelteKit, Tailwind, and Supabase. Any forks of the CMSaaSStarter template before commit 7904d416d2c72ec75f42fbf51e9e64fa74062ee6 are impacted. The issue is the user JWT Token is not verified on server session. You should take the patch 7904d416d2c72ec75f42fbf51e9e64fa74062ee6 into your fork.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/CriticalMoments/CMSaasStarter/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/CriticalMoments/CMSaasStarter/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/CriticalMoments/CMSaasStarter/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CriticalMoments | CMSaasStarter |
Affected:
< 7904d416d2c72ec75f42fbf51e9e64fa74062ee6
|
|
| critical_moments | cmsaasstarter |
Affected:
0 , < 7904d416d2c72ec75f42fbf51e9e64fa74062ee6
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:critical_moments:cmsaasstarter:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-33494 (GCVE-0-2024-33494)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 10:02 – Updated: 2024-08-02 02:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA00) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA10) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA20) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-0DA30) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA10) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA20) (All versions < V3.0.1.1), SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager (6GT2780-1EA30) (All versions < V3.0.1.1). Affected components do not properly authenticate heartbeat messages. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to affected the availability of secondary RTLS systems configured using a TeeRevProxy service and potentially cause loss of data generated during the time the attack is ongoing.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | SIMATIC RTLS Locating Manager |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.1.1
(custom)
|
|
| siemens | simatic_rtls_locating_manager |
Affected:
0 , < 3.0.1.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:simatic_rtls_locating_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-31341 (GCVE-0-2024-31341)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-17 08:19 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress User Profile Builder plugin <= 3.11.2 - Bypass Vulnerability vulnerability
Summary
Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity vulnerability in Cozmoslabs Profile Builder allows Functionality Bypass.This issue affects Profile Builder: from n/a through 3.11.2.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/pro… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cozmoslabs | Profile Builder |
Affected:
n/a , ≤ 3.11.2
(custom)
|
|
| cozmoslabs | profile_builder |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.11.2
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:cozmoslabs:profile_builder:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2024-30250 (GCVE-0-2024-30250)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-04 14:57 – Updated: 2024-08-02 01:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
In Astro-Shield, setting a correct `integrity` attribute to injected code allows to bypass the allow-lists
Summary
Astro-Shield is an integration to enhance website security with SubResource Integrity hashes, Content-Security-Policy headers, and other techniques. Versions from 1.2.0 to 1.3.1 of Astro-Shield allow bypass to the allow-lists for cross-origin resources by introducing valid `integrity` attributes to the injected code. This implies that the injected SRI hash would be added to the generated CSP header, which would lead the browser to believe that the injected resource is legit. This vulnerability is patched in version 1.3.2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/kindspells/astro-shield/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/kindspells/astro-shield/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/kindspells/astro-shield/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/kindspells/astro-shield/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| kindspells | astro-shield |
Affected:
>= 1.2.0, < 1.3.2
|
|
| kindspells | astro-shield |
Affected:
1.2.0 , < 1.3.2
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:kindspells:astro-shield:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-28251 (GCVE-0-2024-28251)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-13 23:21 – Updated: 2024-08-02 00:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cross-site websocket hijacking in Querybook
Summary
Querybook is a Big Data Querying UI, combining collocated table metadata and a simple notebook interface. Querybook's datadocs functionality works by using a Websocket Server. The client talks to this WSS whenever updating/deleting/reading any cells as well as for watching the live status of query executions. Currently the CORS setting allows all origins, which could result in cross-site websocket hijacking and allow attackers to read/edit/remove datadocs of the user. This issue has been addressed in version 3.32.0. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
5.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pinterest/querybook/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pinterest/querybook/pull/1425 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2024-27305 (GCVE-0-2024-27305)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-12 20:29 – Updated: 2024-08-02 00:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SMTP smuggling in aiosmtpd
Summary
aiosmtpd is a reimplementation of the Python stdlib smtpd.py based on asyncio. aiosmtpd is vulnerable to inbound SMTP smuggling. SMTP smuggling is a novel vulnerability based on not so novel interpretation differences of the SMTP protocol. By exploiting SMTP smuggling, an attacker may send smuggle/spoof e-mails with fake sender addresses, allowing advanced phishing attacks. This issue is also existed in other SMTP software like Postfix. With the right SMTP server constellation, an attacker can send spoofed e-mails to inbound/receiving aiosmtpd instances. This issue has been addressed in version 1.4.5. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/aio-libs/aiosmtpd/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/aio-libs/aiosmtpd/commit/24b6c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.postfix.org/smtp-smuggling.html | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-27305",
"datePublished": "2024-03-12T20:29:54.592Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-02-22T18:08:38.875Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T00:27:59.989Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing
An adversary modifies content to make it contain something other than what the original content producer intended while keeping the apparent source of the content unchanged. The term content spoofing is most often used to describe modification of web pages hosted by a target to display the adversary's content instead of the owner's content. However, any content can be spoofed, including the content of email messages, file transfers, or the content of other network communication protocols. Content can be modified at the source (e.g. modifying the source file for a web page) or in transit (e.g. intercepting and modifying a message between the sender and recipient). Usually, the adversary will attempt to hide the fact that the content has been modified, but in some cases, such as with web site defacement, this is not necessary. Content Spoofing can lead to malware exposure, financial fraud (if the content governs financial transactions), privacy violations, and other unwanted outcomes.
CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages
An attacker spoofs a UDDI, ebXML, or similar message in order to impersonate a service provider in an e-business transaction. UDDI, ebXML, and similar standards are used to identify businesses in e-business transactions. Among other things, they identify a particular participant, WSDL information for SOAP transactions, and supported communication protocols, including security protocols. By spoofing one of these messages an attacker could impersonate a legitimate business in a transaction or could manipulate the protocols used between a client and business. This could result in disclosure of sensitive information, loss of message integrity, or even financial fraud.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.