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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-367

Allowed

Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.

1282 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-47746 (GCVE-0-2026-47746)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-03 21:56 – Updated: 2026-08-04 14:11
VLAI
Title
Misskey: JSON-LD signature validation + compaction is vulnerable to timing attacks
Summary
Misskey is an open source, federated social media platform. Versions 12.37.0 and later, but prior to 2026.5.4, are vulnerable to timing attacks during JSON-LD signature validation and the compaction process. Because the JSON-LD parsing context is not shared between signature verification and subsequent processing, the application may trust information that should not be trusted, resulting in a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) flaw. This allows an attacker to have fraudulent activities accepted as valid, leading to a loss of integrity. This issue has been fixed in version 2026.5.4.
Severity
8.9 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-04 14:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
misskey-dev misskey Affected: >= 12.37.0, < 2026.5.4
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CVE-2026-47621 (GCVE-0-2026-47621)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-04 17:33 – Updated: 2026-08-04 18:25
VLAI
Summary
NVIDIA Dynamo for Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause a race condition in the LoRA manager singleton initialization. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to denial of service and data tampering.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-04 18:25 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
NVIDIA Dynamo Affected: 0 to v1.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-45804 (GCVE-0-2026-45804)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 16:05 – Updated: 2026-07-15 17:27
VLAI
Title
Diffusers: TOCTOU Trust Remote Code Bypass
Summary
Diffusers is the a library for pretrained diffusion models. Prior to 0.38.0, Diffusers' DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained flow can bypass the trust_remote_code guard because download() validates model_index.json and custom pipeline code before later loading from a cached folder that can change, allowing a Hub repository with custom .py pipeline code to execute through the custom pipeline flow without passing custom_pipeline or trust_remote_code=True. This issue is fixed in version 0.38.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 17:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
huggingface diffusers Affected: < 0.38.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-45647 (GCVE-0-2026-45647)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:05 – Updated: 2026-08-25 22:44
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Defender for Endpoint for Mac Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Microsoft Defender for Endpoint allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 03:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft Defender for Endpoint for Mac Affected: 101.0.0 , < 101.26042.0011 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:defender_for_endpoint:*:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-45619 (GCVE-0-2026-45619)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 13:11 – Updated: 2026-05-29 14:02
VLAI
Title
AVideo CVE-2026-43884 incomplete fix - `isSSRFSafeURL()` call sites still discard the `$resolvedIP` out-param at master HEAD post
Summary
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In 29.0 and earlier, EpgParser.php, plugin/AI/receiveAsync.json.php, and other locations do not use the $resolvedIP out-param of isSSRFSafeURL() for DNS pinning via CURLOPT_RESOLVE, opening DNS-rebinding TOCTOU.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-29 14:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WWBN AVideo Affected: <= 29.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-45487 (GCVE-0-2026-45487)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:04 – Updated: 2026-08-25 22:43
VLAI
Title
Windows Program Compatibility Assistant Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in Program Compatibility Assistant Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 03:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5256 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-45208 (GCVE-0-2026-45208)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-21 13:04 – Updated: 2026-05-22 03:55
VLAI
Summary
A time-of-check time-of-use vulnerability in the Apex One/SEP agent could allow a local attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations. Please note: an attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-21 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Trend Micro, Inc. TrendAI Apex One Affected: 2019 (14.0) , < 14.0.0.17079 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:trendmicro:apexone_op:14.0.0.17079:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Trend Micro, Inc. TrendAI Apex One as a Service Affected: SaaS , < 14.0.20731 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:trendmicro:apexone_saas:14.0.0.20731:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-45203 (GCVE-0-2026-45203)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 20:57 – Updated: 2026-07-13 18:55
VLAI
Title
GPU DDK - rgxfw_hwperf_ufo() re-reads psCmdHeader->ui32CmdSize after initial check, TOCTOU
Summary
Kernel software installed and running inside a Host VM may post improper commands to the GPU Firmware to trigger a memory write outside the permitted range of memory for the host kernel. A TOCTOU bug existed where a malicious driver could modify values in memory after firmware validation but before use.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-13 18:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - CWE - CWE-367: Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition (4.20)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Imagination Technologies Graphics DDK Affected: 1.18 RTM2 (custom)
Affected: 23.2 RTM2 (custom)
Affected: 24.2 RTM2 (custom)
Affected: 25.1 RTM2 , ≤ 25.3 RTM (custom)
Affected: 26.1 RTM1 (custom)
Unaffected: 26.1 RTM2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-45197 (GCVE-0-2026-45197)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-04 01:53 – Updated: 2026-09-08 14:29
VLAI
Title
GPU DDK - TOCTOU affecting psFWMemContext->uiPageCatBaseRegSet
Summary
Kernel software installed and running inside a Guest VM may post improper commands to the GPU Firmware to trigger a read and/or write data outside the Guest's virtualised GPU memory. The firmware uses data provided by the Guest VM to set up accesses to memory. It validated this before use, but a TOCTOU bug was present which allowed the earlier check results to be invalidated.
Severity
2.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 14:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Imagination Technologies Graphics DDK Affected: 1.18 RTM2 (custom)
Affected: 23.2 RTM2 (custom)
Affected: 24.2 RTM2 (custom)
Affected: 25.1 RTM2 , ≤ 25.3 RTM (custom)
Affected: 26.1 RTM1 (custom)
Unaffected: 26.1 RTM2 (custom)
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Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-44694 (GCVE-0-2026-44694)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 19:12 – Updated: 2026-05-12 02:05
VLAI
Title
n8n-MCP: Authenticated SSRF in n8n-mcp webhook and API client paths
Summary
n8n-MCP is an MCP server that provides AI assistants access to n8n node documentation, properties, and operations. From version 2.18.7 to before version 2.50.2, there is an authenticated server-side request forgery vulnerability affecting the webhook trigger tools, the n8n API client (N8N_API_URL), and per-request URLs supplied via the x-n8n-url header in multi-tenant HTTP mode. This issue has been patched in version 2.50.2.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:H/SI:L/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-12 02:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
czlonkowski n8n-mcp Affected: >= 2.18.7, < 2.50.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Implementation

The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.

Mitigation
Implementation

When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.

Mitigation
Implementation Architecture and Design

If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.

Mitigation
Implementation

Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.

CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links

This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.

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