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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-367

Allowed

Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.

1282 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-53800 (GCVE-0-2026-53800)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:40 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:50
VLAI
Title
rsync < 3.5.0 Symlink Race Condition via --remove-source-files
Summary
rsync before 3.5.0 contains a symlink race condition vulnerability in the --remove-source-files feature that allows attackers with symlink creation access to cause arbitrary file deletion. Attackers can atomically substitute a symlink for a source file between transfer completion and the unlink() call, causing rsync to delete the symlink target rather than the intended source file.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 15:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53799 (GCVE-0-2026-53799)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:40 – Updated: 2026-08-14 18:09
VLAI
Title
rsync < 3.5.0 Symlink Race Condition via ACL/xattr Application
Summary
rsync before 3.5.0 contains a symlink race condition vulnerability that allows local attackers to cause rsync to apply arbitrary ACLs or extended attributes to unintended files by substituting a symlink at a predictable destination path between the file write and the subsequent acl_set_file() or lsetxattr() call. Attackers can exploit this timing window to redirect ACL and xattr application through a crafted symlink to files outside the intended destination tree, potentially granting elevated permissions and enabling local privilege escalation.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 18:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53797 (GCVE-0-2026-53797)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:40 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:50
VLAI
Title
rsync < 3.5.0 Symlink Race Condition Information Disclosure
Summary
rsync before 3.5.0 contains a symlink race condition vulnerability in the sender's source tree traversal that allows an attacker who can manipulate a parent directory of the source tree to redirect file reads to unintended paths. Attackers can atomically replace a parent directory component with a symlink pointing outside the source root between path resolution and file open operations to disclose file contents outside the intended transfer root.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 17:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53796 (GCVE-0-2026-53796)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:39 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:50
VLAI
Title
rsync < 3.5.0 TOCTOU Race Condition via Destination Directory Handling
Summary
rsync before 3.5.0 contains a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability in the non-daemon receiver's destination directory handling that allows an attacker who can manipulate destination path parent components to redirect file writes to unintended locations. Attackers can substitute a symlink for a component of the destination path between the path resolution and chdir() call, causing the receiver's working directory to be established outside the intended destination tree so that subsequent relative-path file writes land in unintended filesystem locations.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 15:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53708 (GCVE-0-2026-53708)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 15:56 – Updated: 2026-09-14 16:33
VLAI
Title
ContextForge: DNS TOCTOU race condition causes SSRF protection bypass (`/admin/gateways/test`)
Summary
ContextForge is an AI gateway, registry, and proxy that provides centralized discovery, guardrails, and management for MCP, A2A, and REST or gRPC APIs. Prior to 1.0.3, the /admin/gateways/test call site in mcpgateway/admin.py calls validate_gateway_test_url() in mcpgateway/common/validators.py to resolve and reject private, loopback, link-local, and cloud-metadata addresses, but ResilientHttpClient later resolves the original hostname again without binding the validated address. When MCPGATEWAY_ADMIN_API_ENABLED is enabled, an attacker with a database-backed role containing explicit gateways.read permission can use DNS rebinding to return a public address during validation and a private or metadata address during connection, bypassing ssrf_blocked_networks and ssrf_dns_fail_closed because those controls apply only to the validation-time result. The endpoint's allow_admin_bypass=False setting means a bootstrap-only virtual platform-admin identity without a database role is not sufficient. Successful exploitation can reach internal services and cloud metadata, expose cloud credentials, access internal APIs, or probe internal network ports. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 16:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-350 - Reliance on Reverse DNS Resolution for a Security-Critical Action
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53518 (GCVE-0-2026-53518)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 17:17 – Updated: 2026-07-15 18:07
VLAI
Title
Better Auth OAuth Provider: Race Condition in Authorization Code Exchange Enables Multi-Use Code Redemption
Summary
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. From 1.6.0 until 1.6.11, the @better-auth/oauth-provider POST /oauth2/token endpoint for the authorization_code grant redeems a single-use authorization code through a non-atomic find-then-delete sequence, allowing two concurrent requests to pass the read step and mint independent access tokens, refresh tokens, and ID tokens; legacy /oauth2/token and /mcp/token paths in oidc-provider and mcp plugins share the same primitive. This issue is fixed in version 1.6.11.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 18:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
better-auth better-auth Affected: >= 1.6.0, < 1.6.11
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53517 (GCVE-0-2026-53517)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 17:33 – Updated: 2026-07-15 19:21
VLAI
Title
Better Auth OAuth Provider: Refresh Token Rotation Race Condition Allows Concurrent Replay and Token Family Forking
Summary
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. From 1.4.8-beta.7 until 1.6.11, the @better-auth/oauth-provider POST /oauth2/token endpoint on the refresh_token grant performs a non-atomic read, validate, revoke, and mint sequence on the oauthRefreshToken row, allowing concurrent requests with the same parent refresh token to pass the revoked check and create forked refresh-token families; the vulnerable range also includes embedded better-auth plugin versions before 1.6.0. This issue is fixed in version 1.6.11.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 19:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
better-auth better-auth Affected: >= 1.4.8-beta.7, < 1.6.0
Create a notification for this product.
@better-auth oauth-provider Affected: >= 1.6.0, < 1.6.11
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53477 (GCVE-0-2026-53477)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 15:04 – Updated: 2026-08-19 20:00
VLAI
Summary
Dell Command Update (DCU), versions prior to 5.7.1, contain a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Elevation of Privileges.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 19:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell Dell Command Update (DCU) Affected: 0 , < 5.7.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-18 15:03
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53410 (GCVE-0-2026-53410)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-16 21:11 – Updated: 2026-07-17 13:19
VLAI
Title
Zoom Clients for Windows - Race Condition
Summary
A time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the installation and uninstallation process of certain Zoom Clients for Windows could allow an authenticated local user to escalate privileges.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-17 13:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Zoom Communications Zoom Clients Affected: see references (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-14 12:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-52885 (GCVE-0-2026-52885)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 20:19 – Updated: 2026-06-29 13:13
VLAI
Title
Notepad++ TOCTOU: HMAC Checks Disk, Executes from Memory
Summary
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.6.4, NppCommands.cpp checks the HMAC of the on-disk shortcuts.xml at the moment a user command fires (Time-of-Check). However, the command payload is taken from the in-memory _userCommands vector, which is populated at application startup and never re-synchronized with the on-disk file (Time-of-Use). Swapping shortcuts.xml between startup and command execution causes the HMAC check to validate a clean file while a malicious command runs. An attacker with write access to shortcuts.xml places a malicious version on disk before launch, then immediately restores the legitimate file. The HMAC check at execution time validates the restored legitimate file (check passes), while the malicious payload executes from memory. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.9.6.4.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-29 13:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Implementation

The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.

Mitigation
Implementation

When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.

Mitigation
Implementation Architecture and Design

If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.

Mitigation
Implementation

Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.

CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links

This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.