Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1063 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-6180 (GCVE-0-2026-6180)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-05 06:19 – Updated: 2026-05-05 14:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PaperCut MF: Card truncation on HP readers
Summary
A race condition exists in PaperCut MF when processing badge-swipe data from certain HP multifunction devices. Under specific network conditions involving dropped packets and out-of-order sequence counters, the server may incorrectly process fragmented data chunks. If a sequence reset notification fails to reach the server, the server may reject the initial data chunk while erroneously accepting subsequent chunks before a connection reset completes.
This leads to the registration of a truncated badge ID string. While this typically results in an authentication failure, the vulnerability is compounded in environments utilizing custom badge-ID post-processing scripts. In such configurations, the truncated string may be transformed into a valid ID belonging to a different user, leading to unauthorized session establishment (Incorrect User Login) on the device.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PaperCut | PaperCut NG/MF |
Affected:
0 , < 24.1.9
(semver)
Affected: 0 , < 25.0.10 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-5958 (GCVE-0-2026-5958)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 11:59 – Updated: 2026-05-13 05:17 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Race Condition in GNU Sed
Summary
When sed is invoked with both -i (in-place edit) and --follow-symlinks, the function open_next_file() performs two separate, non-atomic filesystem operations on the same path:
1. resolves symlink to its target and stores the resolved path for determining when output is written,
2. opens the original symlink path (not the resolved one) to read the file.
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This issue was fixed in version 4.10.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/ | product |
| https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/04/CVE-2026-5958 | third-party-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/13/1 |
Date Public
2026-04-20 12:03
Credits
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CVE-2026-4878 (GCVE-0-2026-4878)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 14:49 – Updated: 2026-07-15 13:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Libcap: libcap: privilege escalation via toctou race condition in cap_set_file()
Summary
A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
40 references
Impacted products
55 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:2.69-7.el10_1.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:2.69-7.el10_2.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.69-7.el10_0.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-6.el8_10.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-4.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-4.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-5.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-5.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-10.el9_7.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-10.el9_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-9.el9_2.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-9.el9_4.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-9.el9_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 |
Unaffected:
413.92.202606160406-0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.13::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 |
Unaffected:
414.92.202606231112-0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.14::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15 |
Unaffected:
415.92.202606030318-0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.15::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 |
Unaffected:
416.94.202606051757-0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.16::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 |
Unaffected:
417.94.202606250942-0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.17::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18 |
Unaffected:
418.94.202606051320-0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.18::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19 |
Unaffected:
4.19.9.6.202606031700-0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cost Management 4 |
Unaffected:
1780946239 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cost_management:4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cost Management 4 |
Unaffected:
1783539156 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cost_management:4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 |
Unaffected:
1780681984 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782352950 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782352919 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782353093 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782352847 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 2 |
Unaffected:
1778101579 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 2 |
Unaffected:
1778156756 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 2 |
Unaffected:
1782159791 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 2 |
Unaffected:
1782166952 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
2.78-1.1.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Insights proxy 1.5 |
Unaffected:
1780420428 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:insights_proxy:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3.9.3 |
Unaffected:
1778056267 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_distributed_tracing:3.9::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3.9.3 |
Unaffected:
1778056233 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_distributed_tracing:3.9::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift distributed tracing 3.9.3 |
Unaffected:
1778056245 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_distributed_tracing:3.9::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 |
Unaffected:
1779798159 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 |
Unaffected:
1779798164 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 |
Unaffected:
1779798165 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 |
Unaffected:
1779798222 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:2.69-7.el10_1.1 , < *
(rpm)
Unaffected: 0:2.69-7.el10_2.1 , < * (rpm) cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1 cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-6.el8_10.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-4.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-4.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-5.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-5.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-10.el9_7.1 , < *
(rpm)
Unaffected: 0:2.48-10.el9_8.1 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-9.el9_2.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-9.el9_4.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.48-9.el9_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 2 |
Unaffected:
1778101579 , < *
(rpm)
Unaffected: 1782159791 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 2 |
Unaffected:
1778156756 , < *
(rpm)
Unaffected: 1782166952 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9 |
Date Public
2026-04-06 00:00
Credits
{
"containers": {
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"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/07/4"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/07/14"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/08/9"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/09/5"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/09/6"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-4878",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-09T00:00:00+00:00",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
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"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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],
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"descriptions": [
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}
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},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
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CVE-2026-4018 (GCVE-0-2026-4018)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 17:34 – Updated: 2026-07-15 14:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TOCTOU race condition in the QNX Neutrino kernel impacts versions of the QNX Software Development Platform and QNX OS for Safety
Summary
TOCTOU Race Condition in specific trace commands of the TraceEvent() system call could allow an attacker with local access and with the PROCMGR_AID_TRACE ability, to cause information disclosure, data tampering or a crash of the QNX Neutrino kernel.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BlackBerry Ltd | QNX Software Development Platform |
Affected:
7.1
Affected: cpe:2.3:a:blackberry:qnx_software_development_platform:7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* (cpe) Affected: 7.0 Affected: cpe:2.3:a:blackberry:qnx_software_development_platform:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* (cpe) |
|
| BlackBerry Ltd | QNX OS for Safety |
Affected:
2.2.8 and earlier
Affected: cpe:2.3:o:blackberry:qnx_os_for_safety:2.2:8:*:*:*:*:*:* (cpe) Affected: 2.1.5 and earlier Affected: cpe:2.3:o:blackberry:qnx_os_for_safety:2.1:5:*:*:*:*:*:* (cpe) Affected: 2.0.3 and earlier Affected: cpe:2.3:o:blackberry:qnx_os_for_safety:2.0:3:*:*:*:*:*:* (cpe) |
|
| BlackBerry Ltd. | QNX OS for Medical |
Affected:
2.0.2 and earlier
Affected: cpe:2.3:o:blackberry:qnx_os_for_medical:2.0:2:*:*:*:*:*:* (cpe) |
Date Public
2026-07-14 15:20
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CVE-2026-3590 (GCVE-0-2026-3590)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-15 11:00 – Updated: 2026-04-15 14:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Race Condition in Guest Magic Link Authentication Allows Token Reuse
Summary
Mattermost versions 10.11.x <= 10.11.12, 11.5.x <= 11.5.0, 11.4.x <= 11.4.2, 11.3.x <= 11.3.2 fail to enforce atomic single-use consumption of guest magic link tokens, which allows an attacker with access to a valid magic link to establish multiple independent authenticated sessions via concurrent requests.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00624
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://mattermost.com/security-updates | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mattermost | Mattermost |
Affected:
10.11.0 , ≤ 10.11.12
(semver)
Affected: 11.5.0 , ≤ 11.5.0 (semver) Affected: 11.4.0 , ≤ 11.4.2 (semver) Affected: 11.3.0 , ≤ 11.3.2 (semver) Unaffected: 11.6.0 Unaffected: 10.11.13 Unaffected: 11.5.1 Unaffected: 11.4.3 Unaffected: 11.3.3 |
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CVE-2026-3428 (GCVE-0-2026-3428)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-16 02:02 – Updated: 2026-04-16 12:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A Download of Code Without Integrity Check vulnerability in the update modules in ASUS Member Center(华硕大厅) allows a local user to achieve privilege escalation to Administrator via exploitation of a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOC-TOU) during the update process, where an unexpected payload is substituted for a legitimate one immediately after download, and subsequently executed with administrative privileges upon user consent.
Refer to the 'Security Update for ASUS Member Center' section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.asus.com/security-advisory/ | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASUS | Member Center(华硕大厅) |
Affected:
1.6.6.4 and earlier
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CVE-2026-2638 (GCVE-0-2026-2638)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 11:21 – Updated: 2026-06-09 13:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
X-VPN macOS website versions - Local Privilege Escalation
Summary
A vulnerability in the quarantine and restore workflow of the X-VPN macOS website versions 77.0 through 77.5 allow a local attacker to leverage a race condition and symlink manipulation to achieve privileged file corruption.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://fluidattacks.com/es/advisories/soad | third-party-advisory |
| https://xvpn.io/resources/statement-local-privile… | vendor-advisory |
| https://xvpn.io/download/vpn-mac | patch |
| https://xvpn.io/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| X-VPN | X-VPN macOS website |
Affected:
77.0 , ≤ 77.5
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-2364 (GCVE-0-2026-2364)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 07:22 – Updated: 2026-03-10 16:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CODESYS Installer TOCTOU Privilege Escalation
Summary
If a legitimate user confirms a self-update prompt or initiate an installation of a CODESYS Development System, a low privileged local attacker can gain elevated rights due to a TOCTOU vulnerability in the CODESYS installer.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CODESYS | CODESYS Installer |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 2.6.1.0
(semver)
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CVE-2026-1880 (GCVE-0-2026-1880)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-16 02:00 – Updated: 2026-04-16 12:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource vulnerability in the ASUS DriverHub update process allows privilege escalation due to improper protection of required execution resources during the validation phase, permitting a local user to make unprivileged modifications. This allows the altered resource to pass system checks and be executed with elevated privileges upon a user-initiated update.
Refer to the 'Security Update for ASUS DriverHub' section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
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1 reference
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CVE-2026-1035 (GCVE-0-2026-1035)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-21 05:52 – Updated: 2026-04-02 16:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Org.keycloak.protocol.oidc: keycloak refresh token reuse bypass via toctou race condition
Summary
A flaw was found in the Keycloak server during refresh token processing, specifically in the TokenManager class responsible for enforcing refresh token reuse policies. When strict refresh token rotation is enabled, the validation and update of refresh token usage are not performed atomically. This allows concurrent refresh requests to bypass single-use enforcement and issue multiple access tokens from the same refresh token. As a result, Keycloak’s refresh token rotation hardening can be undermined.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6477 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6478 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1035 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2430314 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 |
Unaffected:
26.4.11-1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 |
Unaffected:
26.4-14 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4.11 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7 |
Date Public
2026-01-21 00:00
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Mitigation
Implementation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
Implementation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
Implementation
Architecture and Design
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Implementation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Implementation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.