CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2312 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-43H7-7HR5-FJCQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-15 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:34URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Freshworks Freshdesk (official).This issue affects Freshdesk (official): from n/a through 2.3.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32129"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-15T11:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Freshworks Freshdesk (official).This issue affects Freshdesk (official): from n/a through 2.3.4.",
"id": "GHSA-43h7-7hr5-fjcq",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:34:44Z",
"published": "2024-04-15T12:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/freshdesk-support/wordpress-freshdesk-official-plugin-2-3-4-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-44P5-3M5G-VFHJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 03:31 – Updated: 2026-07-14 03:31SAP Approuter does not properly validate incoming request headers during the OAuth2 login flow under certain configurations. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to craft a malicious link which, when clicked by a victim, could lead to unauthorized access. Successful exploitation results in a high impact to the confidentiality and integrity with no impact on the availability of the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44745"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T01:16:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "SAP Approuter does not properly validate incoming request headers during the OAuth2 login flow under certain configurations. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to craft a malicious link which, when clicked by a victim, could lead to unauthorized access. Successful exploitation results in a high impact to the confidentiality and integrity with no impact on the availability of the application.",
"id": "GHSA-44p5-3m5g-vfhj",
"modified": "2026-07-14T03:31:35Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T03:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44745"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3741519"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-44PF-4R67-PWJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:10 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:35Jive before 2016.3.1 has an open redirect from the external-link.jspa page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-4334"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-10T03:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jive before 2016.3.1 has an open redirect from the external-link.jspa page.",
"id": "GHSA-44pf-4r67-pwjx",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:35:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:10:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4334"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ericgoldman.name/en/2016/vulnerability-report-jive-open-redirect"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-45JJ-V3HW-R9JQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:30 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:33Open redirect vulnerability in cgiemail and cgiecho allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via vectors involving the (1) success or (2) failure parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5614"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-03T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in cgiemail and cgiecho allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via vectors involving the (1) success or (2) failure parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-45jj-v3hw-r9jq",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:33:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5614"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.cpanel.com/tsr-2017-0001-full-disclosure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/01/28/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95870"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4629-RH7X-M74C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:17 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:17IBM Emptoris Sourcing 9.5 - 10.1.3 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 128177.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1450"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-31T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Emptoris Sourcing 9.5 - 10.1.3 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 128177.",
"id": "GHSA-4629-rh7x-m74c",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:17:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:17:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1450"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/128177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22005834"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-463R-5M89-4XFR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-10 15:31 – Updated: 2026-06-30 03:37Jenkins 2.567 and earlier, LTS 2.555.2 and earlier improperly determines that a redirect URL after login is legitimately pointing to Jenkins when it contains tab or newline characters between //, allowing attackers to perform phishing attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53437"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T14:16:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins 2.567 and earlier, LTS 2.555.2 and earlier improperly determines that a redirect URL after login is legitimately pointing to Jenkins when it contains tab or newline characters between `//`, allowing attackers to perform phishing attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-463r-5m89-4xfr",
"modified": "2026-06-30T03:37:00Z",
"published": "2026-06-10T15:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53437"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-53437"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2487544"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-53437.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2026-06-10/#SECURITY-3711+3755"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-467C-CX8X-XPRW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:17A Host Header Redirection vulnerability in SonicOS potentially allows a remote attacker to redirect firewall management users to arbitrary web domains.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20031"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-12T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A Host Header Redirection vulnerability in SonicOS potentially allows a remote attacker to redirect firewall management users to arbitrary web domains.",
"id": "GHSA-467c-cx8x-xprw",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:17:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:17:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20031"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2021-0019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/164502/Sonicwall-SonicOS-7.0-Host-Header-Injection.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-47HM-PP24-WMMP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:31An issue in Mashang Consumer Finance Co., Ltd Anyihua iOS 3.6.2 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56959"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T19:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in Mashang Consumer Finance Co., Ltd Anyihua iOS 3.6.2 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.",
"id": "GHSA-47hm-pp24-wmmp",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:31:02Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T21:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56959"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZhouZiyi1/Vuls/blob/main/241225-Anyihua/241225-Anyihua.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4844-FJXQ-2QMW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-13 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-13 21:30The login page of Venki Supravizio BPM up to 18.1.1 is vulnerable to open redirect leading to reflected XSS.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46481"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-13T20:15:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The login page of Venki Supravizio BPM up to 18.1.1 is vulnerable to open redirect leading to reflected XSS.",
"id": "GHSA-4844-fjxq-2qmw",
"modified": "2025-01-13T21:30:53Z",
"published": "2025-01-13T21:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46481"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Lorenzo-de-Sa/Vulnerability-Research"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Lorenzo-de-Sa/Vulnerability-Research/blob/main/CVE-2024-46481.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.venki.com.br/ferramenta-bpm/supravizio"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4898-5MC4-QPQF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-20 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-20 18:30In JetBrains TeamCity before 2025.03.2 open redirect was possible on editing VCS Root page
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47854"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-20T18:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In JetBrains TeamCity before 2025.03.2 open redirect was possible on editing VCS Root page",
"id": "GHSA-4898-5mc4-qpqf",
"modified": "2025-05-20T18:30:58Z",
"published": "2025-05-20T18:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.