CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2306 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6JXG-H6PQ-3JG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:28 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:28EMC RSA Archer 5.4.1.3, 5.5.3.1, 5.5.2.3, 5.5.2, 5.5.1.3.1, 5.5.1.1 is affected by an open redirect vulnerability. A remote unprivileged attacker may potentially redirect legitimate users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks. The attacker could then steal the victims' credentials and silently authenticate them to the RSA Archer application without the victims realizing an attack occurred.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5002"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-07T00:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "EMC RSA Archer 5.4.1.3, 5.5.3.1, 5.5.2.3, 5.5.2, 5.5.1.3.1, 5.5.1.1 is affected by an open redirect vulnerability. A remote unprivileged attacker may potentially redirect legitimate users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks. The attacker could then steal the victims\u0027 credentials and silently authenticate them to the RSA Archer application without the victims realizing an attack occurred.",
"id": "GHSA-6jxg-h6pq-3jg6",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:28:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:28:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2017/Jun/49"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038815"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6M4F-J9V5-QR3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11An open redirect vulnerability exists in Nagios XI before version 5.8.5 that could lead to spoofing. To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker could send a link that has a specially crafted URL and convince the user to click the link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37352"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability exists in Nagios XI before version 5.8.5 that could lead to spoofing. To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker could send a link that has a specially crafted URL and convince the user to click the link.",
"id": "GHSA-6m4f-j9v5-qr3h",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37352"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nagios.com/downloads/nagios-xi/change-log"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6M68-X6G5-76XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in KB Support KB Support. This issue affects KB Support: from n/a through 1.6.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24741"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T15:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in KB Support KB Support. This issue affects KB Support: from n/a through 1.6.7.",
"id": "GHSA-6m68-x6g5-76xx",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:29Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T15:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/kb-support/vulnerability/wordpress-kb-support-plugin-1-6-7-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MPJ-6MGP-P7V6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-25 18:31 – Updated: 2025-04-25 18:31An open redirect vulnerability was reported in the FileZ client that could allow information disclosure if a crafted url is visited by a local user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2068"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-25T16:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability was reported in the FileZ client that could allow information disclosure if a crafted url is visited by a local user.",
"id": "GHSA-6mpj-6mgp-p7v6",
"modified": "2025-04-25T18:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-04-25T18:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.filez.com/securityPolicy/2.html?1744703100"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6PG8-6HPP-XM9W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-12 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-16 15:30keycloak 18.0.0: open redirect in auth endpoint via the redirect_uri parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1970"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-19T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "keycloak 18.0.0: open redirect in auth endpoint via the redirect_uri parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-6pg8-6hpp-xm9w",
"modified": "2023-02-16T15:30:27Z",
"published": "2023-02-12T06:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-1970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2092434"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6PWV-84MM-RCFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-06 18:31Plexus anblick Digital Signage Management 3.1.13 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the 'PantallaLogin' script that allows attackers to manipulate the 'pagina' GET parameter. Attackers can craft malicious links that redirect users to arbitrary websites by exploiting improper input validation in the parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T16:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Plexus anblick Digital Signage Management 3.1.13 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the \u0027PantallaLogin\u0027 script that allows attackers to manipulate the \u0027pagina\u0027 GET parameter. Attackers can craft malicious links that redirect users to arbitrary websites by exploiting improper input validation in the parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-6pwv-84mm-rcfv",
"modified": "2026-01-06T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-01-06T18:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/185521"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/158473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.plexus.es"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/plexus-anblick-digital-signage-management-open-redirect-via-pagina-parameter"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2020-5573.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6Q66-F3V9-MWR7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-29 18:31 – Updated: 2024-09-03 21:31An Open Redirect vulnerability in the page parameter of vTiger CRM v7.4.0 allows attackers to redirect users to a malicious site via a crafted URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44776"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-29T18:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Open Redirect vulnerability in the page parameter of vTiger CRM v7.4.0 allows attackers to redirect users to a malicious site via a crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-6q66-f3v9-mwr7",
"modified": "2024-09-03T21:31:12Z",
"published": "2024-08-29T18:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44776"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/180461/vTiger-CRM-7.4.0-Open-Redirection.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://vtiger.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6QMF-FJ6M-686C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-17 20:51 – Updated: 2024-09-20 21:06Impact
Flask-Security allows redirects after many successful views (e.g. /login) by honoring the ?next query param. There is code in FS to validate that the url specified in the next parameter is either relative OR has the same netloc (network location) as the requesting URL.
This check utilizes Pythons urlsplit library. However many browsers are very lenient on the kind of URL they accept and 'fill in the blanks' when presented with a possibly incomplete URL. As a concrete example - setting http://login?next=\\github.com will pass FS's relative URL check however many browsers will gladly convert this to http://github.com. Thus an attacker could send such a link to an unwitting user, using a legitimate site and have it redirect to whatever site they want.
This is considered a low severity due to the fact that if Werkzeug by default ALWAYS ensures that the Location header is absolute - thus making this attack vector mute. It is possible for application writers to modify this default behavior by setting the 'autocorrect_location_header=False` which would then open up their application to this attack.
Patches
No patches as this time
Workarounds
If using Werkzeug, make sure to use the default Location header setting. If you can't - then use@app.after_request and write your own validation of the Location header if it is set.
References
No.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory follow: https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/issues/486
Thanks to Claroty (2021-0141) and @snoopysecurity for providing details and proof of concept.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Flask-Security-Too"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32618"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-17T16:53:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nFlask-Security allows redirects after many successful views (e.g. /login) by honoring the ?next query param. There is code in FS to validate that the url specified in the next parameter is either relative OR has the same netloc (network location) as the requesting URL.\n\nThis check utilizes Pythons urlsplit library. However many browsers are very lenient on the kind of URL they accept and \u0027fill in the blanks\u0027 when presented with a possibly incomplete URL. As a concrete example - setting http://login?next=\\\\\\github.com\nwill pass FS\u0027s relative URL check however many browsers will gladly convert this to http://github.com. Thus an attacker could send such a link to an unwitting user, using a legitimate site and have it redirect to whatever site they want.\n\nThis is considered a low severity due to the fact that if Werkzeug by default ALWAYS ensures that the Location header is absolute - thus making this attack vector mute. It is possible for application writers to modify this default behavior by setting the \u0027autocorrect_location_header=False` which would then open up their application to this attack.\n\n### Patches\nNo patches as this time\n\n### Workarounds\nIf using Werkzeug, make sure to use the default Location header setting. If you can\u0027t - then use@app.after_request and write your own validation of the Location header if it is set.\n\n### References\nNo.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory follow: https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/issues/486\n\nThanks to Claroty (2021-0141) and @snoopysecurity for providing details and proof of concept.\n",
"id": "GHSA-6qmf-fj6m-686c",
"modified": "2024-09-20T21:06:55Z",
"published": "2021-05-17T20:51:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32618"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/commit/e39bb04615050448c1b8ba4caa7dacc0edd3e405"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/flask-security-too/PYSEC-2021-123.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210517211717/https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/issues/486"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211207121851/https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/security/advisories/GHSA-6qmf-fj6m-686c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220410062740/https://github.com/Flask-Middleware/flask-security/pull/489"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in Flask-Security-Too"
}
GHSA-6QQ5-QQMC-QCXR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:19The floragunn Search Guard plugin before 6.x-16 for Kibana allows URL injection for login redirects on the login page when basePath is set.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-20698"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-09T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The floragunn Search Guard plugin before 6.x-16 for Kibana allows URL injection for login redirects on the login page when basePath is set.",
"id": "GHSA-6qq5-qqmc-qcxr",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20698"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/floragunncom/search-guard-kibana-plugin/pull/140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.search-guard.com/latest/changelog-kibana-6.x-16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6QQ8-5WQ3-86RP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-11 23:19 – Updated: 2022-08-04 20:56Summary
There exists a potential open redirect vulnerability in Traefik's handling of the X-Forwarded-Prefix header. Active Exploitation of this issue is unlikely as it would require active header injection, however the Traefik team addressed this issue nonetheless to prevent abuse in e.g. cache poisoning scenarios.
Details
The Traefik API dashboard component doesn't validate that the value of the header X-Forwarded-Prefix is a site relative path and will redirect to any header provided URI.
e.g.
$ curl --header 'Host:traefik.localhost' --header 'X-Forwarded-Prefix:https://example.org' 'http://localhost:8081'
<a href="https://example.org/dashboard/">Found</a>.`
Impact
A successful exploitation of an open redirect can be used to entice victims to disclose sensitive information.
Workarounds
By using the headers middleware, the request header X-Forwarded-Prefix value can be overridden by the value . (dot)
- https://docs.traefik.io/v2.2/middlewares/headers/#customrequestheaders
- https://docs.traefik.io/v1.7/basics/#custom-headers
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, open an issue in Traefik.
Credit
This issue was found by the GitHub Application Security Team and reported on behalf of the GHAS by the GitHub Security Lab Team.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.5.0-rc5"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2.2.8"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.5.0-rc5"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2.3.0-rc3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.5.0-rc5"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2.2.8"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v2/pkg/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 2.3.0-rc3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v2/pkg/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.5.0-rc5"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik/v2/pkg/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containous/traefik/v2/pkg/api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.3.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0-rc3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15129"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-24T18:21:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-30T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThere exists a potential open redirect vulnerability in Traefik\u0027s handling of the `X-Forwarded-Prefix` header. Active Exploitation of this issue is unlikely as it would require active header injection, however the Traefik team addressed this issue nonetheless to prevent abuse in e.g. cache poisoning scenarios.\n\n## Details\n\nThe Traefik API dashboard component doesn\u0027t validate that the value of the header `X-Forwarded-Prefix` is a site relative path and will redirect to any header provided URI.\n\ne.g.\n\n```\n$ curl --header \u0027Host:traefik.localhost\u0027 --header \u0027X-Forwarded-Prefix:https://example.org\u0027 \u0027http://localhost:8081\u0027\n\u003ca href=\"https://example.org/dashboard/\"\u003eFound\u003c/a\u003e.`\n```\n\n### Impact\nA successful exploitation of an open redirect can be used to entice victims to disclose sensitive information.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nBy using the `headers` middleware, the request header `X-Forwarded-Prefix` value can be overridden by the value `.` (dot)\n\n- https://docs.traefik.io/v2.2/middlewares/headers/#customrequestheaders\n- https://docs.traefik.io/v1.7/basics/#custom-headers\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, open an issue in [Traefik](https://github.com/containous/traefik/issues).\n\n## Credit\n\nThis issue was found by the GitHub Application Security Team and reported on behalf of the GHAS by the GitHub Security Lab Team.",
"id": "GHSA-6qq8-5wq3-86rp",
"modified": "2022-08-04T20:56:21Z",
"published": "2022-02-11T23:19:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/security/advisories/GHSA-6qq8-5wq3-86rp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/pull/7109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/commit/cfa04c300c5db95ae8a52c31a9d973b6dd9c2254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/commit/e63db782c11c7b8bfce30be4c902e7ef8f9f33d2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/commit/e2c5f3712f68993de8ed3cb30da9ec0aa11acb09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/releases/tag/v1.7.26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/releases/tag/v2.2.8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containous/traefik/releases/tag/v2.3.0-rc3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Traefik vulnerable to Open Redirect via handling of X-Forwarded-Prefix header"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.