Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6XC5-HVPF-5VPF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Rustaurius Ultimate WP Mail allows Phishing. This issue affects Ultimate WP Mail: from n/a through 1.3.2.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32694"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-09T17:15:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Rustaurius Ultimate WP Mail allows Phishing. This issue affects Ultimate WP Mail: from n/a through 1.3.2.",
"id": "GHSA-6xc5-hvpf-5vpf",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:37Z",
"published": "2025-04-09T18:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32694"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/ultimate-wp-mail/vulnerability/wordpress-ultimate-wp-mail-1-3-2-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6XF4-794H-3F7W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-03 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-03 00:31
VLAI
Details
Url redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41106"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-02T23:16:50Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Url redirection to untrusted site (\u0027open redirect\u0027) in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-6xf4-794h-3f7w",
"modified": "2026-07-03T00:31:53Z",
"published": "2026-07-03T00:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-41106"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6XH2-F372-CF5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-20 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-28 00:00
VLAI
Details
Open redirect vulnerability via endpoint authorize_and_redirect/?redirect= in GitHub repository posthog/posthog prior to 1.34.1.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0645"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-19T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability via endpoint authorize_and_redirect/?redirect= in GitHub repository posthog/posthog prior to 1.34.1.",
"id": "GHSA-6xh2-f372-cf5m",
"modified": "2022-04-28T00:00:48Z",
"published": "2022-04-20T00:00:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/posthog/posthog/commit/859d8ed9ac7c5026db09714a26c85c1458abb038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/c13258a2-30e3-4261-9a3b-2f39c49a8bd6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-72FG-JQHX-C68P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-08-06 21:33 – Updated: 2023-09-11 18:37
VLAI
Summary
Open Redirect in st
Details
st is a module for serving static files.
An attacker is able to craft a request that results in an HTTP 301 (redirect) to an entirely different domain.
A request for: http://some.server.com//nodesecurity.org/%2e%2e would result in a 301 to //nodesecurity.org/%2e%2e which most browsers treat as a proper redirect as // is translated into the current schema being used.
Mitigating factor:
In order for this to work, st must be serving from the root of a server (/) rather than the typical sub directory (/static/) and the redirect URL will end with some form of URL encoded .. ("%2e%2e", "%2e.", ".%2e").
Code example (provided by Xin Gao):
[example.js]
var st = require('st')
var http = require('http')
http.createServer(st(process.cwd())).listen(1337)
$ curl -v http://localhost:1337//cve.mitre.com/%2e%2e
* Trying ::1...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to localhost (::1) port 1337 (#0)
> GET //cve.mitre.com/%2e%2e HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:1337
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
< cache-control: public, max-age=600
< last-modified: Fri, 13 Oct 2017 22:56:33 GMT
< etag: "16777220-46488904-1507935393000"
< location: //cve.mitre.com/%2e%2e/
< Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2017 22:56:41 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< Content-Length: 30
<
* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
Recommendation
Update to version 1.2.2 or later.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.2.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "st"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16224"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:20:52Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "st is a module for serving static files.\n\nAn attacker is able to craft a request that results in an `HTTP 301` (redirect) to an entirely different domain. \n\nA request for: `http://some.server.com//nodesecurity.org/%2e%2e` would result in a 301 to `//nodesecurity.org/%2e%2e` which most browsers treat as a proper redirect as `//` is translated into the current schema being used.\n\n**Mitigating factor:** \n\nIn order for this to work, `st` must be serving from the root of a server (`/`) rather than the typical sub directory (`/static/`) and the redirect URL will end with some form of URL encoded `..` (\"%2e%2e\", \"%2e.\", \".%2e\"). \n\nCode example (provided by Xin Gao): \n\n[example.js]\n\n```js\nvar st = require(\u0027st\u0027) \nvar http = require(\u0027http\u0027) \nhttp.createServer(st(process.cwd())).listen(1337)\n```\n\n```shell\n$ curl -v http://localhost:1337//cve.mitre.com/%2e%2e\n* Trying ::1...\n* TCP_NODELAY set\n* Connected to localhost (::1) port 1337 (#0)\n\u003e GET //cve.mitre.com/%2e%2e HTTP/1.1\n\u003e Host: localhost:1337\n\u003e User-Agent: curl/7.54.0\n\u003e Accept: */*\n\u003e\n\u003c HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently\n\u003c cache-control: public, max-age=600\n\u003c last-modified: Fri, 13 Oct 2017 22:56:33 GMT\n\u003c etag: \"16777220-46488904-1507935393000\"\n\u003c location: //cve.mitre.com/%2e%2e/\n\u003c Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2017 22:56:41 GMT\n\u003c Connection: keep-alive\n\u003c Content-Length: 30\n\u003c\n* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact\n```\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 1.2.2 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-72fg-jqhx-c68p",
"modified": "2023-09-11T18:37:42Z",
"published": "2018-08-06T21:33:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16224"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-72fg-jqhx-c68p"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/547"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in st"
}
GHSA-72GP-3XPX-R927
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:16
VLAI
Details
NETSCOUT Systems nGeniusONE version 6.3.0 build 1196 allows URL redirection in redirector.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-35205"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-30T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NETSCOUT Systems nGeniusONE version 6.3.0 build 1196 allows URL redirection in redirector.",
"id": "GHSA-72gp-3xpx-r927",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:16:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netscout.com/securityadvisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-72JF-5FG5-3CW3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 09:31 – Updated: 2025-09-09 20:10
VLAI
Summary
TYPO3 CMS has an open‑redirect vulnerability
Details
An open‑redirect vulnerability in GeneralUtility::sanitizeLocalUrl of TYPO3 CMS 9.0.0–9.5.54, 10.0.0–10.4.53, 11.0.0–11.5.47, 12.0.0–12.4.36, and 13.0.0–13.4.17 allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary external sites, enabling phishing attacks by supplying a manipulated, sanitized URL.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 9.5.55"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.4.37"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 10.4.54"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.4.37"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 11.5.48"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.4.37"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.4.37"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "typo3/cms-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "13.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "13.4.18"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59013"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-09T20:10:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-09T09:15:39Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open\u2011redirect vulnerability in GeneralUtility::sanitizeLocalUrl of TYPO3 CMS 9.0.0\u20139.5.54, 10.0.0\u201310.4.53, 11.0.0\u201311.5.47, 12.0.0\u201312.4.36, and 13.0.0\u201313.4.17 allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary external sites, enabling phishing attacks by supplying a manipulated, sanitized URL.",
"id": "GHSA-72jf-5fg5-3cw3",
"modified": "2025-09-09T20:10:11Z",
"published": "2025-09-09T09:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TYPO3-CMS/core/commit/862b9da870815132c31119cd85bc454a5010793c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/TYPO3-CMS/core"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-core-sa-2025-017"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "TYPO3 CMS has an open\u2011redirect vulnerability"
}
GHSA-72R9-2369-X4CH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-08 18:33 – Updated: 2024-10-08 18:33
VLAI
Details
Windows Mobile Broadband Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43536"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-08T18:15:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Windows Mobile Broadband Driver Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-72r9-2369-x4ch",
"modified": "2024-10-08T18:33:16Z",
"published": "2024-10-08T18:33:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43536"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-43536"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-72RQ-MHPG-9Q3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:31
VLAI
Details
An issue in Shanghai Xuan Ting Entertainment Information & Technology Co., Ltd Qidian Reader iOS 5.9.384 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56966"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T19:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in Shanghai Xuan Ting Entertainment Information \u0026 Technology Co., Ltd Qidian Reader iOS 5.9.384 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.",
"id": "GHSA-72rq-mhpg-9q3m",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:31:02Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T21:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56966"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZhouZiyi1/Vuls/blob/main/241231-QidianReader/241231-QidianReader.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-72XP-P242-47P9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-27 16:55 – Updated: 2026-05-27 16:55
VLAI
Summary
Symfony has a UrlGenerator Route-Requirement Bypass via Unanchored Regex Alternation → Off-Site //host URL Injection
Details
Description
Symfony routes can declare a requirements regex per path parameter, e.g. a route /{_locale}/blog with requirements: { _locale: 'en|fr|de' }. The Twig path() / url() helpers (backed by UrlGenerator) validate supplied parameter values against that regex before building the URL.
UrlGenerator constructs the validation pattern as '#^'.$req.'$#', where $req is the raw requirement string. For a requirement expressed as an alternation, e.g. _locale: 'ar|bg|...|vi|...|zh_CN' (very common), ^ and $ anchor only the first and last alternatives, so any middle alternative matches as an unanchored substring. A value like /evil.com satisfies the requirement (because it contains vi), and the generated path becomes //evil.com/...: a protocol-relative URL the browser navigates off-site.
Resolution
The UrlGenerator class now wraps the requirement in a non-capturing group so the ^ and $ anchors apply to the whole alternation.
The patch for this issue is available here for branch 5.4.
Credits
Symfony would like to thank Claude Mythos Preview (via Project Glasswing) for reporting the issue and providing the fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "symfony/routing"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.4.52"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "symfony/routing"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.4.40"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "symfony/routing"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.4.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "symfony/routing"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "symfony/symfony"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.4.52"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "symfony/symfony"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.4.40"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "symfony/symfony"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.4.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "symfony/symfony"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-185",
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-27T16:55:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Description\n\nSymfony routes can declare a requirements regex per path parameter, e.g. a route `/{_locale}/blog` with `requirements: { _locale: \u0027en|fr|de\u0027 }`. The Twig `path()` / `url()` helpers (backed by `UrlGenerator`) validate supplied parameter values against that regex before building the URL.\n\nUrlGenerator constructs the validation pattern as `\u0027#^\u0027.$req.\u0027$#\u0027`, where `$req` is the raw requirement string. For a requirement expressed as an alternation, e.g. `_locale: \u0027ar|bg|...|vi|...|zh_CN\u0027` (very common), `^` and `$` anchor only the first and last alternatives, so any middle alternative matches as an unanchored substring. A value like `/evil.com` satisfies the requirement (because it contains `vi`), and the generated path becomes `//evil.com/...`: a protocol-relative URL the browser navigates off-site.\n\n### Resolution\n\nThe `UrlGenerator` class now wraps the requirement in a non-capturing group so the `^` and `$` anchors apply to the whole alternation.\n\nThe patch for this issue is available [here](https://github.com/symfony/symfony/commit/bcf487c22f3240ba994124e0e0fe8616f3cfc47a) for branch 5.4.\n\n### Credits\n\nSymfony would like to thank Claude Mythos Preview (via Project Glasswing) for reporting the issue and providing the fix.",
"id": "GHSA-72xp-p242-47p9",
"modified": "2026-05-27T16:55:16Z",
"published": "2026-05-27T16:55:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/symfony/symfony/security/advisories/GHSA-72xp-p242-47p9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/symfony/symfony/commit/bcf487c22f3240ba994124e0e0fe8616f3cfc47a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/symfony/routing/CVE-2026-45065.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/symfony/symfony/CVE-2026-45065.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/symfony/symfony"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://symfony.com/cve-2026-45065"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Symfony has a UrlGenerator Route-Requirement Bypass via Unanchored Regex Alternation \u2192 Off-Site //host URL Injection"
}
GHSA-733F-44F3-3FRW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-18 21:08 – Updated: 2024-05-20 19:24
VLAI
Summary
gopkg.in/macaron.v1 Open Redirect vulnerability
Details
macaron before 1.3.7 has an open redirect in the static handler. Due to improper request santization, a specifically crafted URL can cause the static file handler to redirect to an attacker chosen URL, allowing for open redirect attacks.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "gopkg.in/macaron.v1"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-12666"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-18T20:50:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-05-05T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "macaron before 1.3.7 has an open redirect in the static handler. Due to improper request santization, a specifically crafted URL can cause the static file handler to redirect to an attacker chosen URL, allowing for open redirect attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-733f-44f3-3frw",
"modified": "2024-05-20T19:24:04Z",
"published": "2021-05-18T21:08:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-macaron/macaron/issues/198"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-macaron/macaron/issues/198#issuecomment-622885959"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-macaron/macaron/pull/199"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-macaron/macaron/pull/199/commits/6bd9385542f7133467ab7d09a5f28f7d5dc52af7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-macaron/macaron/commit/addc7461c3a90a040e79aa75bfd245107a210245"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/go-macaron/macaron"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-macaron/macaron/releases/tag/v1.3.7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3QEUOHRC4EN4WZ66EVFML2UCV7ZQ63XZ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2020-0039"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "gopkg.in/macaron.v1 Open Redirect vulnerability"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.