CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2306 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RW98-5846-PQHX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-16 00:01 – Updated: 2022-02-24 13:56Open Redirect in Packagist microweber/microweber prior to 1.2.11.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "microweber/microweber"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0597"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-16T22:49:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-15T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirect in Packagist microweber/microweber prior to 1.2.11.",
"id": "GHSA-rw98-5846-pqhx",
"modified": "2022-02-24T13:56:27Z",
"published": "2022-02-16T00:01:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0597"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/microweber/microweber/commit/acfc6a581d1ea86096d1b0ecd8a0eec927c0e9b2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/microweber/microweber"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/68c22eab-cc69-4e9f-bcb6-2df3db626813"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open redirect in microweber"
}
GHSA-RWCP-HMQX-M9F3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:01 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:01A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Integrated Management Controller (IMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters in an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website. This vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack, which is used in phishing attacks to get users to visit malicious sites without their knowledge.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1397"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-06T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Integrated Management Controller (IMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters in an HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website. This vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack, which is used in phishing attacks to get users to visit malicious sites without their knowledge.",
"id": "GHSA-rwcp-hmqx-m9f3",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:01:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:01:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1397"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-imc-openred-zAYrU6d2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RWCR-6886-9VFQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31When a network error occurred during page load, the prior content could have remained in view with a blank URL bar. This could have been used to obfuscate a spoofed web site. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 126.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4773"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T18:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "When a network error occurred during page load, the prior content could have remained in view with a blank URL bar. This could have been used to obfuscate a spoofed web site. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 126.",
"id": "GHSA-rwcr-6886-9vfq",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:44Z",
"published": "2024-05-14T18:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4773"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1875248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-21"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RWGH-GFM4-665G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms HubSpot gf-hubspot allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms HubSpot: from n/a through <= 1.2.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60151"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T15:15:57Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms HubSpot gf-hubspot allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms HubSpot: from n/a through \u003c= 1.2.5.",
"id": "GHSA-rwgh-gfm4-665g",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:29Z",
"published": "2025-10-22T15:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/gf-hubspot/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-gravity-forms-hubspot-plugin-1-2-5-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/gf-hubspot/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-gravity-forms-hubspot-plugin-1-2-5-open-redirection-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/gf-hubspot/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-gravity-forms-hubspot-plugin-1-2-5-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RX4R-GXPC-H85X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:57 – Updated: 2025-03-13 18:00Multiple open redirect vulnerabilities in Jenkins before 2.3 and LTS before 1.651.2 allow remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors related to "scheme-relative" URLs.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.652"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.651.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-3726"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-13T18:00:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2016-05-17T14:08:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple open redirect vulnerabilities in Jenkins before 2.3 and LTS before 1.651.2 allow remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via unspecified vectors related to \"scheme-relative\" URLs.",
"id": "GHSA-rx4r-gxpc-h85x",
"modified": "2025-03-13T18:00:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:57:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3726"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/2ed0c046dfbb2003a17df27c53777e72c6eaff25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:1206"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/SECURITY/Jenkins+Security+Advisory+2016-05-11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cloudbees.com/jenkins-security-advisory-2016-05-11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-1773.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins affected by Open Redirect Vulnerability"
}
GHSA-RX96-8W86-5HHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-04 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-08 15:32A URL validation flaw in the MISP dashboard button widget allowed a crafted relative-looking URL to be accepted as a local path while being interpreted by browsers as an external URL. The validation rejected URLs containing an explicit scheme, host, or user component, but did not reject paths beginning with a slash followed by a backslash, such as /\example.com. Some browsers normalize backslashes in URLs as forward slashes, which can turn this into a scheme-relative external navigation target. In addition, the generated href concatenated the reconstructed URL with the original URL, increasing the possibility of unsafe or malformed link generation.
An attacker able to configure or influence a dashboard button URL could craft a button that appears to point inside the application but redirects users to an attacker-controlled site when clicked. This could be used for phishing, credential theft, or social engineering. The patch fixes the issue by rejecting empty paths and paths starting with /\, and by emitting only the reconstructed validated URL in the anchor href.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-10856"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-04T14:16:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A URL validation flaw in the MISP dashboard button widget allowed a crafted relative-looking URL to be accepted as a local path while being interpreted by browsers as an external URL. The validation rejected URLs containing an explicit scheme, host, or user component, but did not reject paths beginning with a slash followed by a backslash, such as /\\example.com. Some browsers normalize backslashes in URLs as forward slashes, which can turn this into a scheme-relative external navigation target. In addition, the generated href concatenated the reconstructed URL with the original URL, increasing the possibility of unsafe or malformed link generation.\n\n\n\n\nAn attacker able to configure or influence a dashboard button URL could craft a button that appears to point inside the application but redirects users to an attacker-controlled site when clicked. This could be used for phishing, credential theft, or social engineering. The patch fixes the issue by rejecting empty paths and paths starting with /\\, and by emitting only the reconstructed validated URL in the anchor href.",
"id": "GHSA-rx96-8w86-5hhh",
"modified": "2026-06-08T15:32:42Z",
"published": "2026-06-04T15:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-10856"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f879f16fb5db7a9aab0a70fdcafea12ce4847e9a"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Green",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXG6-H36V-7JCX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-20 00:31 – Updated: 2025-08-20 00:31A flaw has been found in TOTVS Portal Meu RH up to 12.1.17. Impacted is an unknown function of the component Password Reset Handler. Executing manipulation of the argument redirectUrl can lead to open redirect. The attack may be performed from a remote location. The exploit has been published and may be used. Upgrading to version 12.1.2410.274, 12.1.2502.178 and 12.1.2506.121 is recommended to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The vendor explains, that "[o]ur internal validation (...) confirms that the reported behavior does not exist in currently supported releases. In these tests, the redirectUrl parameter is ignored, and no malicious redirection occurs." This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9193"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-20T00:15:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in TOTVS Portal Meu RH up to 12.1.17. Impacted is an unknown function of the component Password Reset Handler. Executing manipulation of the argument redirectUrl can lead to open redirect. The attack may be performed from a remote location. The exploit has been published and may be used. Upgrading to version 12.1.2410.274, 12.1.2502.178 and 12.1.2506.121 is recommended to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The vendor explains, that \"[o]ur internal validation (...) confirms that the reported behavior does not exist in currently supported releases. In these tests, the redirectUrl parameter is ignored, and no malicious redirection occurs.\" This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-rxg6-h36v-7jcx",
"modified": "2025-08-20T00:31:20Z",
"published": "2025-08-20T00:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iorjSJ8gh3hTDZUy1fHyV-TJXFP43yIo/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.320579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.320579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.636360"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXGX-GGX4-6JR5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:20Oppia 3.1.4 does not verify that certain URLs are valid before navigating to them.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-41733"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-08T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Oppia 3.1.4 does not verify that certain URLs are valid before navigating to them.",
"id": "GHSA-rxgx-ggx4-6jr5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:20:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:20:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oppia/oppia/pull/13892"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RXR2-M2MH-WPX6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-27 03:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Zoho CRM and Bigin gf-zoho allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Zoho CRM and Bigin: from n/a through <= 1.2.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62981"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-27T02:15:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Zoho CRM and Bigin gf-zoho allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Zoho CRM and Bigin: from n/a through \u003c= 1.2.8.",
"id": "GHSA-rxr2-m2mh-wpx6",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:38Z",
"published": "2025-10-27T03:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/gf-zoho/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-gravity-forms-zoho-crm-and-bigin-plugin-1-2-8-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/gf-zoho/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-gravity-forms-zoho-crm-and-bigin-plugin-1-2-8-open-redirection-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/gf-zoho/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-gravity-forms-zoho-crm-and-bigin-plugin-1-2-8-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RXWC-H9C5-48JQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-22 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-04 00:00An intent redirection vulnerability in the Mi App Store product. This vulnerability is caused by the Mi App Store does not verify the validity of the incoming data, can cause the app store to automatically download and install apps.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14118"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-21T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An intent redirection vulnerability in the Mi App Store product. This vulnerability is caused by the Mi App Store does not verify the validity of the incoming data, can cause the app store to automatically download and install apps.",
"id": "GHSA-rxwc-h9c5-48jq",
"modified": "2022-05-04T00:00:39Z",
"published": "2022-04-22T00:00:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://trust.mi.com/zh-CN/misrc/bulletins/advisory?cveId=144"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.