Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-653
Weakness AllowedImproper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly compartmentalize or isolate functionality, processes, or resources that require different privilege levels, rights, or permissions.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Isolation
- Behavior-Property: Compartmentalization
- Resource-Type: Improper
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
COMMISSION: This weakness refers to an incorrect design related to an architectural security tactic.
Implementation
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR, the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Compare binary / bytecode to application permission manifest
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR, the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Effectiveness: High
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR, the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Attack Modeling
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Relationship
There is a close association with CWE-250 (Execution with Unnecessary Privileges). CWE-653 is about providing separate components for each "privilege"; CWE-250 is about ensuring that each component has the least amount of privileges possible. In this fashion, compartmentalization becomes one mechanism for reducing privileges.
Terminology
The term "Separation of Privilege" is used in several different ways in the industry, but they generally combine two closely related principles: compartmentalization (this node) and using only one factor in a security decision (CWE-654). Proper compartmentalization implicitly introduces multiple factors into a security decision, but there can be cases in which multiple factors are required for authentication or other mechanisms that do not involve compartmentalization, such as performing all required checks on a submitted certificate. It is likely that CWE-653 and CWE-654 will provoke further discussion.
Content history
Submission: Pascal Meunier
· Purdue University
· 2008-01-18
· CWE Draft 8
Modification: Eric Dalci
· Cigital
· 2008-07-01
· CWE 1.0
updated Time_of_Introduction
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Relationships, Other_Notes, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-01-12
· CWE 1.2
updated Name
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-12-13
· CWE 1.11
updated Other_Notes, Relationship_Notes, Terminology_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-10-30
· CWE 2.3
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Detection_Factors
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Applicable_Platforms, Causal_Nature, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Description, Name, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-10-13
· CWE 4.9
updated References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-09-09
· CWE 4.18
updated References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
153 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-120306 (GCVE-0-2026-120306)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-01 12:49 – Updated: 2026-11-02 19:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Beta9 build sandbox escape via chroot-only isolation
Summary
Beta9 turns each shell command in a tenant image definition into a Dockerfile RUN line and executes it with Buildah on the build worker. The worker image sets BUILDAH_ISOLATION=chroot, and no buildah invocation passes --isolation, so the step only changes its filesystem root. It keeps the worker pod's PID, network, IPC, and user namespaces, runs as uid 0, and holds CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE. PID 1 in that procfs is the worker entrypoint, so /proc/1/root is the worker container's filesystem and is writable. That filesystem contains the runc, buildah, and runsc binaries the worker uses to start tenant containers, the worker's Kubernetes service account token, and the host directories mounted into the pod. Worker pods are privileged. Clip v2 layered builds are the default, so a tenant with a workspace token reaches this by submitting one image build. The read-only proof confirmed the shared namespaces, CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE, and that the worker's runc binary is visible at /proc/1/root. Fixed in worker 0.1.756: Buildah RUN steps, including the WORKDIR mkdir, use OCI isolation with private PID, IPC, and network namespaces, and tenant ARG values are passed only into the build container.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 19:47 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/beam-cloud/beta9 | product |
| https://github.com/beam-cloud/beta9/pull/1897 | patch |
| https://github.com/beam-cloud/beta9/commit/a28bf1… | patch |
| https://github.com/beam-cloud/beta9/releases/tag/… | release-notes |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| beam-cloud | Beta9 worker |
Affected:
0 , < 0.1.756
(semver)
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CVE-2026-119408 (GCVE-0-2026-119408)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 11:30 – Updated: 2026-11-05 21:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n before 2.42.6, 2.43.3 and 3.0.1 Code Execution Outside Task Runner Isolation via Deprecated Function Nodes
Summary
n8n before 2.42.6, 2.43.x before 2.43.3, and 3.x before 3.0.1 contains a remote code execution vulnerability via deprecated Function, Function Item, and LangChain Code nodes running outside task runner isolation. Authenticated users who can create, modify, or import workflows naming these hidden node types can execute JavaScript in the n8n main process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 21:11 UTC
CWE
- CWE-653 - Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/ea8417e29ad6… | patch |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/blob/n8n@2.42.0/pac… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.42.6 | release-notes |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@2.43.3 | release-notes |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/releases/tag/n8n@3.0.1 | release-notes |
| https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/n8n-function-vm2 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/n8n-before-2… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-28 00:00
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CVE-2026-115517 (GCVE-0-2026-115517)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 18:05 – Updated: 2026-11-02 12:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unrestricted network access between execution contexts in KNIME Business Hub
Summary
Unrestricted network access between execution contexts in KNIME Business Hub before version 1.19.0 allows an authenticated remote user to access open network ports on executors in different execution contexts. This only poses a security issue if the IP address of the attacked executor is know and there are open network ports that provided access without further authentication. By default no network ports are open. However, depending on the running workflows, ports may be opened and provide an attack surface. As a workaround, network policies can be created manually.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 12:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-653 - Improper isolation or compartmentalization
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| KNIME | KNIME Business Hub |
Affected:
0 , < 1.19.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.19.0 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-10-22 18:10
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CVE-2026-115416 (GCVE-0-2026-115416)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 16:50 – Updated: 2026-11-02 12:04 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Incorrect authorization checks in Amazon Athena engine version 3 query processing
Summary
Incorrect authorization checks in Amazon Athena engine version 3 query processing could have allowed an authenticated user to read AWS account identifiers and SQL statement text query metadata from other AWS accounts. Query results, and data stored in Amazon S3 or other data sources, were not accessible through this issue.
AWS remediated the issue on October 7, 2026. No customer action is required.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 12:04 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletin… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AWS | Amazon Athena |
Affected:
N/A
cpe:2.3:a:aws:amazon_athena:n_a:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-114087 (GCVE-0-2026-114087)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-21 00:36 – Updated: 2026-10-22 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Trigger.dev before 4.5.6 Authentication Bypass via Hardcoded Default Secrets
Summary
Trigger.dev before 4.5.6 self-hosted Docker Compose deployments using the default secrets from hosting/docker/.env.example allow authentication bypass because the hardcoded MAGIC_LINK_SECRET lets anyone forge valid magic link tokens. Unauthenticated attackers can log in as any email address, then reach Postgres, Redis, and ClickHouse with default credentials from runner containers on infrastructure networks, compromising all tenant data.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-22 15:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-653 - Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/triggerdotdev/trigger.dev/secu… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/trigger-dev-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| triggerdotdev | trigger.dev |
Affected:
0 , < 4.5.6
(semver)
Unaffected: 4.5.6 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-07-21 00:00
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CVE-2026-113687 (GCVE-0-2026-113687)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 13:10 – Updated: 2026-11-02 21:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Syncope: RCE via ProcessGroovyMethodsSandbox bypass
Summary
Improper isolation or compartmentalization vulnerability in Apache Syncope.
An administrator with adequate entitlements for Implementations can create a malicious Groovy class running untrusted code on a separate Thread, thus bypassing the Groovy security sandbox.
This issue affects Apache Syncope: from 3.0.0-M0 through 3.0.16, from 4.0.0-M0 through 4.0.8, from 4.1.0-M0 through 4.1.3.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.9 / 4.1.4, which fix this issue.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-653 - Improper isolation or compartmentalization
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/xxfmworgxt6b… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/1… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Syncope |
Affected:
3.0.0-M0 , ≤ 3.0.16
(semver)
Affected: 4.0.0-M0 , ≤ 4.0.8 (semver) Affected: 4.1.0-M0 , ≤ 4.1.3 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-109443 (GCVE-0-2026-109443)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-20 00:46 – Updated: 2026-10-22 21:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JoySafeter through 1.0.0 Authenticated RCE via Copilot Standard Mode Shell
Summary
JoySafeter through 1.0.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows authenticated users to run operating system commands via an unsandboxed execute tool in Copilot standard mode. Attackers can self-register, select standard mode in the WebSocket chat.start extension, and have the agent invoke subprocess.run with shell=True on the host to access other tenants' data and server secrets.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 13:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-653 - Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.lasso.security/vulnerability-database… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://github.com/jd-opensource/JoySafeter/blob/… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/jd-opensource/JoySafeter/blob/… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/joysafeter-t… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jd-opensource | JoySafeter |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.0.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-10-15 00:00
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CVE-2026-109441 (GCVE-0-2026-109441)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-20 00:46 – Updated: 2026-10-20 14:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LangAlpha through 2026.09.07 Cross-Tenant Sandbox Exposure via Shared Docker Bridge
Summary
LangAlpha through 2026.09.07 contains an improper isolation vulnerability that places all tenants' sandbox containers on Docker's shared default bridge network with inter-container communication enabled. Authenticated users with code execution in their own sandbox can connect directly to other tenants' containers, bypassing require_workspace_owner checks to read files such as vault secrets from exposed servers.
Severity
5.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 14:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-653 - Improper Isolation or Compartmentalization
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.lasso.security/vulnerability-database… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://github.com/ginlix-ai/LangAlpha/blob/435a5… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/langalpha-th… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-15 00:00
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CVE-2026-109083 (GCVE-0-2026-109083)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 13:04 – Updated: 2026-11-02 21:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Syncope: Remote Code Execution via Flowable JUEL expression
Summary
Improper isolation or compartmentalization vulnerability in Apache Syncope.
An administrator with adequate entitlements can import arbitrary BPMN process definitions via the REST API and then start the process. When a BPMN process containing a JUEL expression is imported and started, the expression is executed directly on the server, with no sandbox.
This issue affects Apache Syncope: from 3.0.0-M0 through 3.0.16, from 4.0.0-M0 through 4.0.8, from 4.1.0 through 4.1.3.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.0.9 / 4.1.4, which fix this issue by rejecting BPMN definitions including expression attributes.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-653 - Improper isolation or compartmentalization
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Syncope |
Affected:
3.0.0-M0 , ≤ 3.0.16
(semver)
Affected: 4.0.0-M0 , ≤ 4.0.8 (semver) Affected: 4.1.0 , ≤ 4.1.3 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-108263 (GCVE-0-2026-108263)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 20:47 – Updated: 2026-10-13 20:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Astron Agent: Unsandboxed code-node leads to cross-tenant RCE
Summary
Astron Agent is an agentic workflow platform for building and running AI agents. Prior to 1.1.2, the default workflow code-node path through /console-api/workflow/code/run and /workflow/v1/run selects LocalExecutor in core/workflow/engine/nodes/code/code_node.py when CODE_EXEC_TYPE is not explicitly changed. LocalExecutor supplies complete Python builtins to dynamic code execution without the documented sandbox restrictions. An authenticated low-privilege tenant can execute code as root in the core-workflow container and use shared service and database credentials to bypass application-level tenant checks, read or modify other tenants' data, and disrupt shared services. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.2.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 20:14 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/iflytek/astron-agent/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/iflytek/astron-agent/pull/1650 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/iflytek/astron-agent/pull/1651 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/iflytek/astron-agent/commit/84… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/iflytek/astron-agent/commit/eb… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/iflytek/astron-agent/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| iflytek | astron-agent |
Affected:
< 1.1.2
|
{
"containers": {
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"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-108263",
"options": [
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{
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{
"Technical Impact": "total"
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"timestamp": "2026-10-13T20:14:28.014455Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
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"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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"cna": {
"affected": [
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"vendor": "iflytek",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
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"descriptions": [
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"value": "Astron Agent is an agentic workflow platform for building and running AI agents. Prior to 1.1.2, the default workflow code-node path through /console-api/workflow/code/run and /workflow/v1/run selects LocalExecutor in core/workflow/engine/nodes/code/code_node.py when CODE_EXEC_TYPE is not explicitly changed. LocalExecutor supplies complete Python builtins to dynamic code execution without the documented sandbox restrictions. An authenticated low-privilege tenant can execute code as root in the core-workflow container and use shared service and database credentials to bypass application-level tenant checks, read or modify other tenants\u0027 data, and disrupt shared services. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.2."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.9,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
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}
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"problemTypes": [
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"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-95",
"description": "CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (\u0027Eval Injection\u0027)",
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"url": "https://github.com/iflytek/astron-agent/releases/tag/v1.1.2"
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"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-mh3w-4q3f-2fg5",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Astron Agent: Unsandboxed code-node leads to cross-tenant RCE"
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"cveMetadata": {
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"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-108263",
"datePublished": "2026-10-09T20:47:38.407Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-09T17:33:15.410Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-13T20:25:35.552Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Break up privileges between different modules, objects, or entities. Minimize the interfaces between modules and require strong access control between them.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.