Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5815 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-33180 (GCVE-0-2025-33180)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-24 18:41 – Updated: 2026-02-24 21:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
NVIDIA Cumulus Linux and NVOS products contain a vulnerability in the NVUE interface, where a low-privileged user could inject a command. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to escalation of privileges.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-24 21:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NVIDIA | Cumulus Linux GA |
Affected:
All versions prior to 5.14 (5.13.x, 5.12.x, and older GA versions)
|
|
| NVIDIA | Cumulus Linux LTS |
Affected:
All versions prior to 5.11.4
|
|
| NVIDIA | Cumulus Linux LTS |
Affected:
All versions prior to 5.9.4
|
|
| NVIDIA | NVOS |
Affected:
All versions prior to 1.3 - 25.02.244
|
|
| NVIDIA | NVOS |
Affected:
All versions prior to 25.02.4282
|
|
| NVIDIA | NVOS |
Affected:
All versions prior to 25.02.5030
|
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CVE-2025-32702 (GCVE-0-2025-32702)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-13 16:59 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Visual Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-14 04:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 version 16.11 (includes 16.0 - 16.10) |
Affected:
16.11.0 , < 16.11.47
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.10 |
Affected:
17.10.0 , < 17.10.14
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.12 |
Affected:
17.12.0 , < 17.12.8
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.13 |
Affected:
17.13.0 , < 17.13.7
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.8 |
Affected:
17.8.0 , < 17.8.21
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-05-13 07:00
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CVE-2025-31951 (GCVE-0-2025-31951)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-06 11:47 – Updated: 2026-05-06 12:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HCL BigFix RunBookAI is affected by a Unvalidated Command Input / Potential Command Smuggling vulnerability
Summary
HCL BigFix RunBookAI is affected by a Unvalidated Command Input / Potential Command Smuggling vulnerability. A flaw in a component's input handling was identified that could permit unauthorized command execution.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-06 12:19 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCL | BigFix RunBookAI |
Affected:
11.2
|
Date Public
2026-05-06 14:45
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CVE-2025-31644 (GCVE-0-2025-31644)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-07 22:04 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Appliance mode BIG-IP iControl REST and tmsh vulnerability
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-15 04:01 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000148591 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-05-07 14:00
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CVE-2025-30264 (GCVE-0-2025-30264)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 17:15 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.2.5.3145 build 20250526 and later
QuTS hero h5.2.5.3138 build 20250519 and later
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-30 03:55 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.2.x , < 5.2.5.3145 build 20250526
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.2.x , < h5.2.5.3138 build 20250519
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-29887 (GCVE-0-2025-29887)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 17:14 – Updated: 2025-08-29 18:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QuRouter 2.5
Summary
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QuRouter 2.5.1. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:
QuRouter 2.5.1.060 and later
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-29 18:19 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuRouter |
Affected:
2.5.x , < 2.5.1.060
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CVE-2025-27423 (GCVE-0-2025-27423)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-03 16:30 – Updated: 2025-05-02 23:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Input Validation in Vim
Summary
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Vim is distributed with the tar.vim plugin, that allows easy editing and viewing of (compressed or uncompressed) tar files. Starting with 9.1.0858, the tar.vim plugin uses the ":read" ex command line to append below the cursor position, however the is not sanitized and is taken literally from the tar archive. This allows to execute shell commands via special crafted tar archives. Whether this really happens, depends on the shell being used ('shell' option, which is set using $SHELL). The issue has been fixed as of Vim patch v9.1.1164
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-03 18:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vim/vim/security/advisories/GH… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/129a8446d23cd9c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/334a13bff78aa0a… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025050… |
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CVE-2025-27233 (GCVE-0-2025-27233)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-12 10:32 – Updated: 2025-09-12 11:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin argument injection in Zabbix 6.0 and later.
Summary
Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin does not properly sanitize smart.disk.get parameters, allowing an attacker to inject unexpected arguments into the smartctl command. This can be used to leak the NTLMv2 hash from a Windows system.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-12 11:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-27146 (GCVE-0-2025-27146)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-25 20:04 – Updated: 2025-02-25 20:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Matrix IRC Bridge allows IRC command injection to own puppeted user
Summary
matrix-appservice-irc is a Node.js IRC bridge for Matrix. The matrix-appservice-irc bridge up to version 3.0.3 contains a vulnerability which can lead to arbitrary IRC command execution as the puppeted user. The attacker can only inject commands executed as their own IRC user. The vulnerability has been patched in matrix-appservice-irc version 3.0.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-25 20:30 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-i… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-i… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| matrix-org | matrix-appservice-irc |
Affected:
< 3.0.4
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CVE-2025-26627 (GCVE-0-2025-26627)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-11 16:59 – Updated: 2026-02-13 19:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Azure Arc Installer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Azure Arc allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-11 18:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-03-11 07:00
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.