Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-79

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.

68643 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-12221 (GCVE-0-2024-12221)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-04 09:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:46

Title

Turnkey bbPress by WeaverTheme <= 1.6.3 - Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via _wpnonce Parameter

Summary

The Turnkey bbPress by WeaverTheme plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via the ‘_wpnonce’ parameter in all versions up to, and including, 1.6.3 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that execute if they can successfully trick a user into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Severity

6.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-01-06 16:15 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

Wordfence mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://wordpress.org/plugins/weaver-for-bbpress/
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3209473/

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
wpweaver	Turnkey bbPress by WeaverTheme	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.6.3 (semver)

Credits

vgo0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2024-12214 (GCVE-0-2024-12214)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-07 04:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:40

Title

WooCommerce HSS Extension for Streaming Video <= 3.31 - Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via videolink Parameter

Summary

The WooCommerce HSS Extension for Streaming Video plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via the ‘videolink’ parameter in all versions up to, and including, 3.31 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that execute if they can successfully trick a user into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Severity

6.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-01-07 15:54 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

Wordfence mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://wordpress.org/plugins/woocommerce-hss-ext…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
hoststreamsell	WooCommerce HSS Extension for Streaming Video	Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.31 (semver)

Credits

vgo0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2024-12211 (GCVE-0-2024-12211)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-13 16:14 – Updated: 2025-08-26 19:58

Summary

Pega Platform versions 8.1 to Infinity 24.2.0 are affected by an Stored XSS issue with profile.

Severity

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-01-13 17:23 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

Pega mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://support.pega.com/support-doc/pega-securit…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Pegasystems	Pega Infinity	Affected: 8.1 , < 24.2.1 (custom)

Credits

Jordan Lyons

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2024-12207 (GCVE-0-2024-12207)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-07 04:22 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:01

Title

Toggles Shortcode and Widget <= 1.14 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting

Summary

The Toggles Shortcode and Widget plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the ‘content’ parameter in all versions up to, and including, 1.14 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page. This only affects multi-site installations and installations where unfiltered_html has been disabled.

Severity

4.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-01-07 15:54 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

Wordfence mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/toggle…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
otwthemes	Toggles Shortcode and Widget	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.14 (semver)

Credits

Yamil Rosa

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
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}

CVE-2024-12205 (GCVE-0-2024-12205)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-08 04:17 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:49

Title

Themesflat Addons For Elementor <= 2.2.4 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting

Summary

The Themesflat Addons For Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the TF E Slider Widget in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.4 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.

Severity

6.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-01-08 14:41 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

Wordfence mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
themesflat	Themesflat Addons For Elementor	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.2.4 (semver)

Credits

Craig Smith

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
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    "adp": [
      {
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          "product": "Themesflat Addons For Elementor",
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          "value": "Craig Smith"
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CVE-2024-12203 (GCVE-0-2024-12203)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-17 07:01 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:34

Title

RSS Icon Widget <= 5.2 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting

Summary

The RSS Icon Widget plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the ‘link_color’ parameter in all versions up to, and including, 5.2 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page. This only affects multi-site installations and installations where unfiltered_html has been disabled.

Severity

4.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-01-17 13:28 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

Wordfence mitre root

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/rss-ic…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/rss-ic…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
brandondove	RSS Icon Widget	Affected: 0 , ≤ 5.2 (semver)

Credits

Yamil Rosa

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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      {
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CVE-2024-12189 (GCVE-0-2024-12189)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-01 06:52 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:44

Title

WDesignKit – Elementor & Gutenberg Starter Templates, Patterns, Cloud Workspace & Widget Builder <= 1.2.3 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting

Summary

The WDesignKit – Elementor & Gutenberg Starter Templates, Patterns, Cloud Workspace & Widget Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via custom widgets in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.3 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page. Please note that you may need to recreate any custom widgets or reinstall the plugin to ensure the issue is adequately patched.

Severity

6.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-04-01 14:39 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

Wordfence mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
posimyththemes	WDesignKit – Elementor & Gutenberg Starter Templates, Patterns, Cloud Workspace & Widget Builder	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.2.3 (semver)

Credits

Ankit Patel

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2024-12183 (GCVE-0-2024-12183)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-04 23:00 – Updated: 2024-12-05 15:04

Title

DedeCMS HTTP POST Request carbuyaction.php RemoveXSS cross site scripting

Summary

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in DedeCMS 5.7.116. This affects the function RemoveXSS of the file /plus/carbuyaction.php of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

3.5 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

3.5 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2024-12-05 15:03 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Cross Site Scripting
CWE-94 - Code Injection

Assigner

VulDB mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.286905	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.286905	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.453374	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/Hebing123/cve/issues/79	exploitissue-tracking

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
n/a	DedeCMS	Affected: 5.7.116
dedecms	dedecms	Affected: 5.7.116 cpe:2.3:a:dedecms:dedecms:5.7.116:::::::*

Credits

jiashenghe (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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}

CVE-2024-12182 (GCVE-0-2024-12182)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-04 22:31 – Updated: 2024-12-05 14:55

Title

DedeCMS soft_add.php cross site scripting

Summary

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in DedeCMS 5.7.116. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /member/soft_add.php. The manipulation of the argument body leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

3.5 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

3.5 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2024-12-05 14:55 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Cross Site Scripting
CWE-94 - Code Injection

Assigner

VulDB mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.286904	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.286904	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.453003	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/Hebing123/cve/issues/78	exploitissue-tracking

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
n/a	DedeCMS	Affected: 5.7.116
dedecms	dedecms	Affected: 5.7.116 cpe:2.3:a:dedecms:dedecms:5.7.116:::::::*

Credits

jiashenghe (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "cpes": [
              "cpe:2.3:a:dedecms:dedecms:5.7.116:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
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          "product": "DedeCMS",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.7.116"
            }
          ]
        }
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      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "jiashenghe (VulDB User)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in DedeCMS 5.7.116. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /member/soft_add.php. The manipulation of the argument body leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used."
        },
        {
          "lang": "de",
          "value": "Eine problematische Schwachstelle wurde in DedeCMS 5.7.116 entdeckt. Hierbei geht es um eine nicht exakt ausgemachte Funktion der Datei /member/soft_add.php. Mit der Manipulation des Arguments body mit unbekannten Daten kann eine cross site scripting-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Umgesetzt werden kann der Angriff \u00fcber das Netzwerk. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung."
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      "metrics": [
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    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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}

CVE-2024-12181 (GCVE-0-2024-12181)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-04 22:00 – Updated: 2024-12-05 14:52

Title

DedeCMS SWF File uploads_add.php cross site scripting

Summary

A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in DedeCMS 5.7.116. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /member/uploads_add.php of the component SWF File Handler. The manipulation of the argument mediatype leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

3.5 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

3.5 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2024-12-05 14:52 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Cross Site Scripting
CWE-94 - Code Injection

Assigner

VulDB mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.286903	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.286903	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.452983	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/Hebing123/cve/issues/77	exploitissue-tracking

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
n/a	DedeCMS	Affected: 5.7.116
dedecms	dedecms	Affected: 5.7.116 cpe:2.3:a:dedecms:dedecms:5.7.116:::::::*

Credits

jiashenghe (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "affected": [
          {
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              "cpe:2.3:a:dedecms:dedecms:5.7.116:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
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            "SWF File Handler"
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          "vendor": "n/a",
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      "credits": [
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          "value": "jiashenghe (VulDB User)"
        }
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          "value": "A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in DedeCMS 5.7.116. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /member/uploads_add.php of the component SWF File Handler. The manipulation of the argument mediatype leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used."
        },
        {
          "lang": "de",
          "value": "In DedeCMS 5.7.116 wurde eine problematische Schwachstelle entdeckt. Dabei geht es um eine nicht genauer bekannte Funktion der Datei /member/uploads_add.php der Komponente SWF File Handler. Dank Manipulation des Arguments mediatype mit unbekannten Daten kann eine cross site scripting-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Die Umsetzung des Angriffs kann dabei \u00fcber das Netzwerk erfolgen. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung."
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Mitigation MIT-4

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Examples of libraries and frameworks that make it easier to generate properly encoded output include Microsoft's Anti-XSS library, the OWASP ESAPI Encoding module, and Apache Wicket.

Mitigation

Implementation Architecture and Design

Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
For any data that will be output to another web page, especially any data that was received from external inputs, use the appropriate encoding on all non-alphanumeric characters.
Parts of the same output document may require different encodings, which will vary depending on whether the output is in the:
etc. Note that HTML Entity Encoding is only appropriate for the HTML body.
Consult the XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet [REF-724] for more details on the types of encoding and escaping that are needed.
HTML body
Element attributes (such as src="XYZ")
URIs
JavaScript sections
Cascading Style Sheets and style property

Mitigation MIT-6

Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.

Mitigation MIT-15

Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-27

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.

Mitigation MIT-30.1

Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.

Mitigation MIT-43

Implementation

With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.

Mitigation MIT-31

Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.

Mitigation MIT-5

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When dynamically constructing web pages, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. All input should be validated and cleansed, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. It is common to see data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing XSS, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent XSS, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, in a chat application, the heart emoticon ("<3") would likely pass the validation step, since it is commonly used. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the web page because it contains the "<" character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the "<" might reduce the risk of XSS, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the emoticon would not be recorded. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it would be more important in a mathematical forum that wants to represent inequalities.
Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
Ensure that you perform input validation at well-defined interfaces within the application. This will help protect the application even if a component is reused or moved elsewhere.

Mitigation MIT-21

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation MIT-29

Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-16

Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-209: XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch

An adversary creates a file with scripting content but where the specified MIME type of the file is such that scripting is not expected. The adversary tricks the victim into accessing a URL that responds with the script file. Some browsers will detect that the specified MIME type of the file does not match the actual type of its content and will automatically switch to using an interpreter for the real content type. If the browser does not invoke script filters before doing this, the adversary's script may run on the target unsanitized, possibly revealing the victim's cookies or executing arbitrary script in their browser.

CAPEC-588: DOM-Based XSS

This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is inserted into the client-side HTML being parsed by a web browser. Content served by a vulnerable web application includes script code used to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM). This script code either does not properly validate input, or does not perform proper output encoding, thus creating an opportunity for an adversary to inject a malicious script launch a XSS attack. A key distinction between other XSS attacks and DOM-based attacks is that in other XSS attacks, the malicious script runs when the vulnerable web page is initially loaded, while a DOM-based attack executes sometime after the page loads. Another distinction of DOM-based attacks is that in some cases, the malicious script is never sent to the vulnerable web server at all. An attack like this is guaranteed to bypass any server-side filtering attempts to protect users.

CAPEC-591: Reflected XSS

This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is "reflected" off a vulnerable web application and then executed by a victim's browser. The process starts with an adversary delivering a malicious script to a victim and convincing the victim to send the script to the vulnerable web application.

CAPEC-592: Stored XSS

An adversary utilizes a form of Cross-site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is persistently "stored" within the data storage of a vulnerable web application as valid input.

CAPEC-63: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

An adversary embeds malicious scripts in content that will be served to web browsers. The goal of the attack is for the target software, the client-side browser, to execute the script with the users' privilege level. An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute code and scripts. Web browsers, for example, have some simple security controls in place, but if a remote attacker is allowed to execute scripts (through injecting them in to user-generated content like bulletin boards) then these controls may be bypassed. Further, these attacks are very difficult for an end user to detect.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

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