Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-88
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
662 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-50232 (GCVE-0-2023-50232)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-03 02:14 – Updated: 2024-08-02 22:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Inductive Automation Ignition getParams Argument Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Inductive Automation Ignition getParams Argument Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Inductive Automation Ignition. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must connect to a malicious server.
The specific flaw exists within the getParams method. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to prepare an argument for a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-22028.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-06-14 19:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://security.inductiveautomation.com/?tcuUid=… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inductive Automation | Ignition |
Affected:
8.1.31
|
|
| inductiveautomation | ignition |
Affected:
8.1.31 , < 8.1.35
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:inductiveautomation:ignition:8.1.31:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-02-21 19:14
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CVE-2023-49096 (GCVE-0-2023-49096)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-06 19:14 – Updated: 2025-05-28 15:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Argument Injection in FFmpeg codec parameters in Jellyfin
Summary
Jellyfin is a Free Software Media System for managing and streaming media. In affected versions there is an argument injection in the VideosController, specifically the `/Videos/<itemId>/stream` and `/Videos/<itemId>/stream.<container>` endpoints which are present in the current Jellyfin version. Additional endpoints in the AudioController might also be vulnerable, as they differ only slightly in execution. Those endpoints are reachable by an unauthenticated user. In order to exploit this vulnerability an unauthenticated attacker has to guess an itemId, which is a completely random GUID. It’s a very unlikely case even for a large media database with lots of items. Without an additional information leak, this vulnerability shouldn’t be directly exploitable, even if the instance is reachable from the Internet. There are a lot of query parameters that get accepted by the method. At least two of those, videoCodec and audioCodec are vulnerable to the argument injection. The values can be traced through a lot of code and might be changed in the process. However, the fallback is to always use them as-is, which means we can inject our own arguments. Those arguments land in the command line of FFmpeg. Because UseShellExecute is always set to false, we can’t simply terminate the FFmpeg command and execute our own. It should only be possible to add additional arguments to FFmpeg, which is powerful enough as it stands. There is probably a way of overwriting an arbitrary file with malicious content. This vulnerability has been addressed in version 10.8.13. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-28 15:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jellyfin/jellyfin/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jellyfin/jellyfin/issues/5415 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jellyfin/jellyfin/commit/a6567… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/88.html | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pass_the_hash | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#drawtext-1 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2023-47804 (GCVE-0-2023-47804)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-29 14:31 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache OpenOffice: Macro URL arbitrary script execution
Summary
Apache OpenOffice documents can contain links that call internal macros with arbitrary arguments. Several URI Schemes are defined for this purpose.
Links can be activated by clicks, or by automatic document events.
The execution of such links must be subject to user approval.
In the affected versions of OpenOffice, approval for certain links is not requested; when activated, such links could therefore result in arbitrary script execution.
This is a corner case of CVE-2022-47502.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache OpenOffice |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.1.14
(semver)
|
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CVE-2023-44452 (GCVE-0-2023-44452)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-03 02:14 – Updated: 2024-08-08 14:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Linux Mint Xreader CBT File Parsing Argument Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Linux Mint Xreader CBT File Parsing Argument Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Linux Mint Xreader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of CBT files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-22132.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-16 19:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://github.com/linuxmint/xreader/commit/cd678… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux Mint | Xreader |
Affected:
3.8.2
|
|
| linuxmint | linuxmint |
Affected:
3.8.2
cpe:2.3:o:linuxmint:linuxmint:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2023-12-20 20:51
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CVE-2023-34395 (GCVE-0-2023-34395)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-27 11:36 – Updated: 2024-10-07 18:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Airflow ODBC Provider: Remote code execution vulnerability
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability in Apache Software Foundation Apache Airflow ODBC Provider.
In OdbcHook, A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in a system due to controllable ODBC driver parameters that allow the loading of arbitrary dynamic-link libraries, resulting in command execution.
Starting version 4.0.0 driver can be set only from the hook constructor.
This issue affects Apache Airflow ODBC Provider: before 4.0.0.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-07 18:23 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/31713 | patch |
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/l26yykftzbhc9tgcp… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
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|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Airflow ODBC Provider |
Affected:
0 , < 4.0.0
(semver)
|
|
| apache | apache-airflow-providers-odbc |
Affected:
0 , < 4.0.0
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CVE-2023-26310 (GCVE-0-2023-26310)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-09 06:13 – Updated: 2024-10-09 10:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Command Injection In OPPO Service
Summary
There is a command injection problem in the old version of the mobile phone backup app.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-04 15:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OPPO | OPPO Find X3 |
Affected:
ColorOS 12.3
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CVE-2023-22632 (GCVE-0-2023-22632)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 00:00 – Updated: 2026-09-14 16:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
PRTG Network Monitor before 23.1.82 allows remote attackers to write to files via the FTP Server Count Sensor.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 16:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paessler | PRTG Network Monitor |
Affected:
0 , < 23.1.82
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:paessler:prtg_network_monitor:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-22631 (GCVE-0-2023-22631)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 00:00 – Updated: 2026-09-14 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
PRTG Network Monitor before 23.1.82 allows remote attackers to write to files via the HTTP XML/REST Sensor.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 14:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paessler | PRTG Network Monitor |
Affected:
0 , < 23.1.82
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:paessler:prtg_network_monitor:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2023-6792 (GCVE-0-2023-6792)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-13 18:16 – Updated: 2024-10-08 14:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PAN-OS: OS Command Injection Vulnerability in the XML API
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability in the XML API of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables an authenticated API user to disrupt system processes and potentially execute arbitrary code with limited privileges on the firewall.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-08 14:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto Networks | PAN-OS |
Affected:
8.1 , < 8.1.24
(custom)
Affected: 9.0 , < 9.0.17 (custom) Affected: 9.1 , < 9.1.15 (custom) Affected: 10.0 , < 10.0.12 (custom) Affected: 10.1 , < 10.1.6 (custom) Unaffected: 10.2 , < All (custom) Unaffected: 11.0 , < All (custom) Unaffected: 11.1 , < All (custom) |
|
| Palo Alto Networks | Prisma Access |
Unaffected:
All
|
|
| Palo Alto Networks | Cloud NGFW |
Unaffected:
All
|
Date Public
2023-12-13 17:00
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CVE-2023-6634 (GCVE-0-2023-6634)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-11 08:32 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LearnPress <= 4.2.5.7 - Command Injection
Summary
The LearnPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Command Injection in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.5.7 via the get_content function. This is due to the plugin making use of the call_user_func function with user input. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute any public function with one parameter, which could result in remote code execution.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-08 15:47 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| thimpress | LearnPress – WordPress LMS Plugin for Create and Sell Online Courses |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.2.5.7
(semver)
|
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Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Parameterization
Where possible, avoid building a single string that contains the command and its arguments. Some languages or frameworks have functions that support specifying independent arguments, e.g. as an array, which is used to automatically perform the appropriate quoting or escaping while building the command. For example, in PHP, escapeshellarg() can be used to escape a single argument to system(), or exec() can be called with an array of arguments. In C, code can often be refactored from using system() - which accepts a single string - to using exec(), which requires separate function arguments for each parameter.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Input Validation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Mitigation
Implementation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
- Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
Implementation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
Mitigation
Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
Mitigation
Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
CAPEC-137: Parameter Injection
An adversary manipulates the content of request parameters for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some parameter encodings use text characters as separators. For example, parameters in a HTTP GET message are encoded as name-value pairs separated by an ampersand (&). If an attacker can supply text strings that are used to fill in these parameters, then they can inject special characters used in the encoding scheme to add or modify parameters. For example, if user input is fed directly into an HTTP GET request and the user provides the value "myInput&new_param=myValue", then the input parameter is set to myInput, but a new parameter (new_param) is also added with a value of myValue. This can significantly change the meaning of the query that is processed by the server. Any encoding scheme where parameters are identified and separated by text characters is potentially vulnerable to this attack - the HTTP GET encoding used above is just one example.
CAPEC-174: Flash Parameter Injection
An adversary takes advantage of improper data validation to inject malicious global parameters into a Flash file embedded within an HTML document. Flash files can leverage user-submitted data to configure the Flash document and access the embedding HTML document.
CAPEC-41: Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads
This type of attack involves an attacker leveraging meta-characters in email headers to inject improper behavior into email programs. Email software has become increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich. In addition, email applications are ubiquitous and connected directly to the Web making them ideal targets to launch and propagate attacks. As the user demand for new functionality in email applications grows, they become more like browsers with complex rendering and plug in routines. As more email functionality is included and abstracted from the user, this creates opportunities for attackers. Virtually all email applications do not list email header information by default, however the email header contains valuable attacker vectors for the attacker to exploit particularly if the behavior of the email client application is known. Meta-characters are hidden from the user, but can contain scripts, enumerations, probes, and other attacks against the user's system.
CAPEC-460: HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)
An adversary adds duplicate HTTP GET/POST parameters by injecting query string delimiters. Via HPP it may be possible to override existing hardcoded HTTP parameters, modify the application behaviors, access and, potentially exploit, uncontrollable variables, and bypass input validation checkpoints and WAF rules.
CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection
In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.