Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8412 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-41961 (GCVE-0-2024-41961)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-01 14:33 – Updated: 2024-08-07 14:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Elektra vulnerable to remote code execution in universal search
Summary
Elektra is an opinionated Openstack Dashboard for Operators and Consumers of Openstack Services. A code injection vulnerability was found in the live search functionality of the Ruby on Rails based Elektra web application. An authenticated user can craft a search term containing Ruby code, which later flows into an `eval` sink which executes the code. Fixed in commit 8bce00be93b95a6512ff68fe86bf9554e486bc02.
Severity
9.2 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sapcc/elektra/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sapcc/elektra/commit/49aea3b36… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sapcc/elektra/commit/8bce00be9… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-41921 (GCVE-0-2024-41921)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-17 19:13 – Updated: 2025-07-18 08:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unsafe use of eval() method in rostopic echo tool
Summary
A code injection vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rostopic' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability lies in the 'echo' verb, which allows a user to introspect a ROS topic and accepts a user-provided Python expression via the --filter option. This input is passed directly to the eval() function without sanitization, allowing a local user to craft and execute arbitrary code.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Affected:
Noetic Ninjemys
Affected: Melodic Morenia Affected: Kinetic Kame Affected: Indigo Igloo |
Credits
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CVE-2024-41667 (GCVE-0-2024-41667)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-24 17:29 – Updated: 2024-08-06 19:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenAM FreeMarker template injection
Summary
OpenAM is an open access management solution. In versions 15.0.3 and prior, the `getCustomLoginUrlTemplate` method in RealmOAuth2ProviderSettings.java is vulnerable to template injection due to its usage of user input. Although the developer intended to implement a custom URL for handling login to override the default OpenAM login, they did not restrict the `CustomLoginUrlTemplate`, allowing it to be set freely. Commit fcb8432aa77d5b2e147624fe954cb150c568e0b8 introduces `TemplateClassResolver.SAFER_RESOLVER` to disable the resolution of commonly exploited classes in FreeMarker template injection. As of time of publication, this fix is expected to be part of version 15.0.4.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/OpenIdentityPlatform/OpenAM/se… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/OpenIdentityPlatform/OpenAM/co… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenIdentityPlatform | OpenAM |
Affected:
< 15.0.4
|
|
| openidentityplatform | openam |
Affected:
0 , < 15.0.4
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:openidentityplatform:openam:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-41148 (GCVE-0-2024-41148)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-17 19:12 – Updated: 2025-07-18 08:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unsafe use of eval() method in rostopic hz tool
Summary
A code injection vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rostopic' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability lies in the 'hz' verb, which reports the publishing rate of a topic and accepts a user-provided Python expression via the --filter option. This input is passed directly to the eval() function without sanitization, allowing a local user to craft and execute arbitrary code.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Affected:
Noetic Ninjemys
Affected: Melodic Morenia Affected: Kinetic Kame Affected: Indigo Igloo |
Credits
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CVE-2024-39915 (GCVE-0-2024-39915)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-15 19:33 – Updated: 2024-08-02 04:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authenticated remote code execution in Thruk
Summary
Thruk is a multibackend monitoring webinterface for Naemon, Nagios, Icinga and Shinken using the Livestatus API. This authenticated RCE in Thruk allows authorized users with network access to inject arbitrary commands via the URL parameter during PDF report generation. The Thruk web application does not properly process the url parameter when generating a PDF report. An authorized attacker with access to the reporting functionality could inject arbitrary commands that would be executed when the script /script/html2pdf.sh is called. The vulnerability can be exploited by an authorized user with network access. This issue has been addressed in version 3.16. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sni/Thruk/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sni/Thruk/commit/7e7eb251e7671… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-39877 (GCVE-0-2024-39877)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-17 07:54 – Updated: 2024-09-13 17:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Airflow: DAG Author Code Execution possibility in airflow-scheduler
Summary
Apache Airflow 2.4.0, and versions before 2.9.3, has a vulnerability that allows authenticated DAG authors to craft a doc_md parameter in a way that could execute arbitrary code in the scheduler context, which should be forbidden according to the Airflow Security model. Users should upgrade to version 2.9.3 or later which has removed the vulnerability.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Airflow |
Affected:
2.4.0 , < 2.9.3
(semver)
|
|
| apache | airflow |
Affected:
2.4.0 , < 2.9.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:apache:airflow:2.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-39864 (GCVE-0-2024-39864)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-05 13:40 – Updated: 2025-03-19 14:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache CloudStack: Integration API service uses dynamic port when disabled
Summary
The CloudStack integration API service allows running its unauthenticated API server (usually on port 8096 when configured and enabled via integration.api.port global setting) for internal portal integrations and for testing purposes. By default, the integration API service port is disabled and is considered disabled when integration.api.port is set to 0 or negative. Due to an improper initialisation logic, the integration API service would listen on a random port when its port value is set to 0 (default value). An attacker that can access the CloudStack management network could scan and find the randomised integration API service port and exploit it to perform unauthorised administrative actions and perform remote code execution on CloudStack managed hosts and result in complete compromise of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of CloudStack managed infrastructure.
Users are recommended to restrict the network access on the CloudStack management server hosts to only essential ports. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.18.2.1, 4.19.0.2 or later, which addresses this issue.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/6l51r00csrct61plk… | vendor-advisorymailing-list |
| https://cloudstack.apache.org/blog/security-relea… | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://www.shapeblue.com/shapeblue-security-advi… | third-party-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/07/05/1 |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache CloudStack |
Affected:
4.0.0 , ≤ 4.18.2.0
(semver)
Affected: 4.19.0.0 , ≤ 4.19.0.1 (semver) |
|
| apache_software_foundation | apache_cloudstack |
Affected:
4.0.0 , ≤ 4.18.2.0
(custom)
Affected: 4.19.0.0 , ≤ 4.19.0.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:apache_software_foundation:apache_cloudstack:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-39835 (GCVE-0-2024-39835)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-17 19:12 – Updated: 2025-07-18 08:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unsafe use of eval() method in roslaunch tool
Summary
A code injection vulnerability has been identified in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'roslaunch' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability arises from the use of the eval() method to process user-supplied, unsanitized parameter values within the substitution args mechanism, which roslaunch evaluates before launching a node. This flaw allows attackers to craft and execute arbitrary Python code.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Affected:
Noetic Ninjemys
Affected: Melodic Morenia Affected: Kinetic Kame Affected: Indigo Igloo |
Credits
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CVE-2024-39700 (GCVE-0-2024-39700)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-16 17:37 – Updated: 2024-08-16 04:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in jupyterlab extension template `update-integration-tests` GitHub Action
Summary
JupyterLab extension template is a `copier` template for JupyterLab extensions. Repositories created using this template with `test` option include `update-integration-tests.yml` workflow which has an RCE vulnerability. Extension authors hosting their code on GitHub are urged to upgrade the template to the latest version. Users who made changes to `update-integration-tests.yml`, accept overwriting of this file and re-apply your changes later. Users may wish to temporarily disable GitHub Actions while working on the upgrade. We recommend rebasing all open pull requests from untrusted users as actions may run using the version from the `main` branch at the time when the pull request was created. Users who are upgrading from template version prior to 4.3.0 may wish to leave out proposed changes to the release workflow for now as it requires additional configuration.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/extension-template/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/extension-template/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jupyterlab | extension-template |
Affected:
< 4.3.3
|
|
| jupyter | extension-template |
Affected:
0 , < 4.3.3
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:jupyter:extension-template:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-39289 (GCVE-0-2024-39289)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-17 19:11 – Updated: 2025-07-18 08:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unsafe use of eval() method in rosparam tool
Summary
A code execution vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rosparam' tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability stems from the use of the eval() function to process unsanitized, user-supplied parameter values via special converters for angle representations in radians. This flaw allowed attackers to craft and execute arbitrary Python code.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ros.org/blog/noetic-eol/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open Source Robotics Foundation | Robot Operating System (ROS) |
Affected:
Noetic Ninjemys
Affected: Melodic Morenia Affected: Kinetic Kame Affected: Indigo Igloo |
Credits
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.