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CWE-1336
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
CVE-2026-28784 (GCVE-0-2026-28784)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-04 16:53 – Updated: 2026-03-06 05:01
VLAI
Title
Craft is affected by potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via Twig SSTI
Summary
Craft is a content management system (CMS). Prior to 5.8.22 and 4.16.18, it is possible to craft a malicious payload using the Twig map filter in text fields that accept Twig input under Settings in the Craft control panel or using the System Messages utility, which could lead to a RCE. For this to work, you must have administrator access to the Craft Control Panel, and allowAdminChanges must be enabled for this to work, which is against our recommendations for any non-dev environment. Alternatively, you can have a non-administrator account with allowAdminChanges disabled, but you have access to the System Messages utility. Users should update to the patched versions (5.8.22 and 4.16.18) to mitigate the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/pull/18208 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://craftcms.com/knowledge-base/securing-craf… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-28797 (GCVE-0-2026-28797)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-03 21:41 – Updated: 2026-04-06 18:57
VLAI
Title
RAGFlow: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Agent "Text Processing" Component
Summary
RAGFlow is an open-source RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) engine. In versions 0.24.0 and prior, a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in RAGFlow's Agent workflow Text Processing (StringTransform) and Message components. These components use Python's jinja2.Template (unsandboxed) to render user-supplied templates, allowing any authenticated user to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the server. At time of publication, there are no publicly available patches.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/infiniflow/ragflow/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| infiniflow | ragflow |
Affected:
<= 0.24.0
|
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CVE-2026-29207 (GCVE-0-2026-29207)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-19 09:18 – Updated: 2026-05-19 18:37
VLAI
Title
Apache OFBiz: Low-Privilege SSTI Leading to RCE in the Content Component
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerability in Apache OFBiz.
This issue affects Apache OFBiz: before 24.09.06.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 24.09.06, which fixes the issue.
Please note that in the updated version, "Data Resource" records with dataTemplateTypeId = "FTL" are no longer supported.
Additionally, in the updated version, the "Ecommerce Customer" security group no longer includes content management grants. Users are advised to remove these permissions from any production site as well.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/3rcrp8bh3x6ovrj5x… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache OFBiz |
Affected:
0 , < 24.09.06
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-2969 (GCVE-0-2026-2969)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-23 03:32 – Updated: 2026-02-23 17:04
VLAI
Title
datapizza-labs datapizza-ai Jinja2 Template prompt.py ChatPromptTemplate special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A flaw has been found in datapizza-labs datapizza-ai 0.0.2. Affected is the function ChatPromptTemplate of the file datapizza-ai-core/datapizza/modules/prompt/prompt.py of the component Jinja2 Template Handler. This manipulation of the argument Prompt causes improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.347336 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347336 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.755357 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/hacktivesec/datapizza-ai-discl… | related |
| https://github.com/hacktivesec/datapizza-ai-discl… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| datapizza-labs | datapizza-ai |
Affected:
0.0.2
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-31864 (GCVE-0-2026-31864)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-13 19:22 – Updated: 2026-03-13 19:44
VLAI
Title
JumpServer has a Server-Side Template Injection Leading to RCE via YAML Rendering
Summary
JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in JumpServer's Applet and VirtualApp upload functionality. This vulnerability can only be exploited by users with administrative privileges (Application Applet Management or Virtual Application Management permissions). Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code within the JumpServer Core container. The vulnerability arises from unsafe use of Jinja2 template rendering when processing user-uploaded YAML configuration files. When a user uploads an Applet or VirtualApp ZIP package, the manifest.yml file is rendered through Jinja2 without sandbox restrictions, allowing template injection attacks.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jumpserver/jumpserver/pull/16608 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jumpserver | jumpserver |
Affected:
< 3.10.22
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.10.16 |
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CVE-2026-32261 (GCVE-0-2026-32261)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-16 18:50 – Updated: 2026-03-16 19:27
VLAI
Title
RCE via SSTI for users with permissions to access the Craft CMS Webhooks plugin
Summary
Webhooks for Craft CMS plugin adds the ability to manage “webhooks” in Craft CMS, which will send GET or POST requests when certain events occur. From version 3.0.0 to before version 3.2.0, the Webhooks plugin renders user-supplied template content through Twig’s renderString() function without sandbox protection. This allows an authenticated user with access to the Craft control panel and permissions to access the Webhooks plugin to inject Twig template code that calls arbitrary PHP functions. This is possible even if allowAdminChanges is set to false. This issue has been patched in version 3.2.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/craftcms/webhooks/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/craftcms/webhooks/commit/88344… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-33130 (GCVE-0-2026-33130)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 09:50 – Updated: 2026-03-20 21:18
VLAI
Title
Uptime Kuma: SSTI in Notification Templates Allows Arbitrary File Read (Incomplete Fix for GHSA-vffh-c9pq-4crh)
Summary
Uptime Kuma is an open source, self-hosted monitoring tool. In versions 1.23.0 through 2.2.0, the fix from GHSA-vffh-c9pq-4crh doesn't fully work to preventServer-side Template Injection (SSTI). The three mitigations added to the Liquid engine (root, relativeReference, dynamicPartials) only block quoted paths. If a project uses an unquoted absolute path, attackers can still read any file on the server. The original fix in notification-provider.js only constrains the first two steps of LiquidJS's file resolution (via root, relativeReference, and dynamicPartials options), but the third step, the require.resolve() fallback in liquid.node.js has no containment check, allowing unquoted absolute paths like /etc/passwd to resolve successfully. Quoted paths happen to be blocked only because the literal quote characters cause require.resolve('"/etc/passwd"') to throw a MODULE_NOT_FOUND error, not because of any intentional security measure. This issue has been fixed in version 2.2.1.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vffh-c9pq-4crh | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| louislam | uptime-kuma |
Affected:
>= 1.23.0, < 2.2.1
|
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CVE-2026-33154 (GCVE-0-2026-33154)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 20:22 – Updated: 2026-03-27 15:23
VLAI
Title
dynaconf Affected by Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure Template Evaluation in @jinja Resolver
Summary
dynaconf is a configuration management tool for Python. Prior to version 3.2.13, Dynaconf is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) due to unsafe template evaluation in the @Jinja resolver. When the jinja2 package is installed, Dynaconf evaluates template expressions embedded in configuration values without a sandboxed environment. This issue has been patched in version 3.2.13.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf/commit/2fbb4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-33654 (GCVE-0-2026-33654)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 19:43 – Updated: 2026-03-30 18:59
VLAI
Title
Zero-Click Indirect Prompt Injection and Authentication Bypass via Email Polling
Summary
nanobot is a personal AI assistant. Prior to version 0.1.6, an indirect prompt injection vulnerability exists in the email channel processing module (`nanobot/channels/email.py`), allowing a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary LLM instructions (and subsequently, system tools) without any interaction from the bot owner. By sending an email containing malicious prompts to the bot's monitored email address, the bot automatically polls, ingests, and processes the email content as highly trusted input, fully bypassing channel isolation and resulting in a stealthy, zero-click attack. Version 0.1.6 patches the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-33897 (GCVE-0-2026-33897)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 22:43 – Updated: 2026-03-27 20:02
VLAI
Title
Incus vulnerable to arbitrary file read and write through pongo templates
Summary
Incus is a system container and virtual machine manager. Prior to version 6.23.0, instance template files can be used to cause arbitrary read or writes as root on the host server. Incus allows for pongo2 templates within instances which can be used at various times in the instance lifecycle to template files inside of the instance. This particular implementation of pongo2 within Incus allowed for file read/write but with the expectation that the pongo2 chroot feature would isolate all such access to the instance's filesystem. This was allowed such that a template could theoretically read a file and then generate a new version of said file. Unfortunately the chroot isolation mechanism is entirely skipped by pongo2 leading to easy access to the entire system's filesystem with root privileges. Version 6.23.0 patches the issue.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/lxc/incus/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.