CWE-345

Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.

CVE-2025-53548 (GCVE-0-2025-53548)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-09 17:12 – Updated: 2025-07-09 17:34

Title

@clerk/backend Performs Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Summary

Clerk helps developers build user management. Applications that use the verifyWebhook() helper to verify incoming Clerk webhooks are susceptible to accepting improperly signed webhook events. The issue was resolved in @clerk/backend 2.4.0.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/clerk/javascript/security/advi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
clerk	javascript	Affected: < 2.4.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-54792 (GCVE-0-2025-54792)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-01 23:04 – Updated: 2025-08-04 14:19

Title

LocalSend is Vulnerable to Man-in-the-Middle Attacks, Leading to File Interception

Summary

LocalSend is an open-source app to securely share files and messages with nearby devices over local networks without needing an internet connection. In versions 1.16.1 and below, a critical Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) vulnerability in the software's discovery protocol allows an unauthenticated attacker on the same local network to impersonate legitimate devices, silently intercepting, reading, and modifying any file transfer. This can be used to steal sensitive data or inject malware, like ransomware, into files shared between trusted users. The attack is hardly detectable and easy to implement, posing a severe and immediate security risk. This issue was fixed in version 1.17.0.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-300 - Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint
CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/localsend/localsend/security/a…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/localsend/localsend/commit/e86…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/localsend/localsend/releases/t…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
localsend	localsend	Affected: <= 1.17.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-5832 (GCVE-0-2025-5832)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-25 17:57 – Updated: 2025-06-25 18:26

Title

Pioneer DMH-WT7600NEX Software Update Signing Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity Vulnerability

Summary

Pioneer DMH-WT7600NEX Software Update Signing Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Pioneer DMH-WT7600NEX devices. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the software update verification process. The issue results from the lack of validating all the data in the software update. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-26079.

Severity

6.8 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Assigner

zdi

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-…	x_research-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Pioneer	DMH-WT7600NEX	Affected: 3.05

Date Public

2025-06-11 17:29

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-5833 (GCVE-0-2025-5833)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-25 17:58 – Updated: 2025-06-25 18:23

Title

Pioneer DMH-WT7600NEX Root Filesystem Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity Vulnerability

Summary

Pioneer DMH-WT7600NEX Root Filesystem Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of Pioneer DMH-WT7600NEX devices. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the configuration of the operating system. The issue results from the lack of properly configured protection for the root file system. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-26077.

Severity

4.6 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Assigner

zdi

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-…	x_research-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Pioneer	DMH-WT7600NEX	Affected: 3.05

Date Public

2025-06-11 17:27

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-59160 (GCVE-0-2025-59160)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-16 16:37 – Updated: 2025-09-16 18:26

Title

matrix-js-sdk has insufficient validation when considering a room to be upgraded by another

Summary

Matrix JavaScript SDK is a Matrix Client-Server SDK for JavaScript and TypeScript. matrix-js-sdk before 38.2.0 has insufficient validation of room predecessor links in MatrixClient::getJoinedRooms, allowing a remote attacker to attempt to replace a tombstoned room with an unrelated attacker-supplied room. The issue has been patched and users should upgrade to 38.2.0. A workaround is to avoid using MatrixClient::getJoinedRooms in favor of getRooms() and filtering upgraded rooms separately.

Severity

2.7 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk/secur…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk/commi…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
matrix-org	matrix-js-sdk	Affected: < 38.2.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-59420 (GCVE-0-2025-59420)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-22 17:28 – Updated: 2025-11-03 17:45

Title

Authlib: JWS/JWT accepts unknown crit headers (RFC violation → possible authz bypass)

Summary

Authlib is a Python library which builds OAuth and OpenID Connect servers. Prior to version 1.6.4, Authlib’s JWS verification accepts tokens that declare unknown critical header parameters (crit), violating RFC 7515 “must‑understand” semantics. An attacker can craft a signed token with a critical header (for example, bork or cnf) that strict verifiers reject but Authlib accepts. In mixed‑language fleets, this enables split‑brain verification and can lead to policy bypass, replay, or privilege escalation. This issue has been patched in version 1.6.4.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/authlib/authlib/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/authlib/authlib/commit/6b1813e…	x_refsource_MISC
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
authlib	authlib	Affected: < 1.6.4

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-59934 (GCVE-0-2025-59934)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-26 23:03 – Updated: 2025-09-29 14:59

Title

Formbricks missing JWT signature verification

Summary

Formbricks is an open source qualtrics alternative. Prior to version 4.0.1, Formbricks is missing JWT signature verification. This vulnerability stems from a token validation routine that only decodes JWTs (jwt.decode) without verifying their signatures. Both the email verification token login path and the password reset server action use the same validator, which does not check the token’s signature, expiration, issuer, or audience. If an attacker learns the victim’s actual user.id, they can craft an arbitrary JWT with an alg: "none" header and use it to authenticate and reset the victim’s password. This issue has been patched in version 4.0.1.

Severity

9.4 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
CWE-287 - Improper Authentication

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/pull/6596	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/commit/e…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/blob/843…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
formbricks	formbricks	Affected: < 4.0.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-66016 (GCVE-0-2025-66016)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-25 19:48 – Updated: 2025-11-25 20:57

Title

CGGMP24 is missing a check in the ZK proof used in CGGMP21

Summary

CGGMP24 is a state-of-art ECDSA TSS protocol that supports 1-round signing (requires 3 preprocessing rounds), identifiable abort, and a key refresh protocol. Prior to version 0.6.3, there is a missing check in the ZK proof that enables an attack in which single malicious signer can reconstruct full private key. This issue has been patched in version 0.6.3, for full mitigation it is recommended to upgrade to cggmp24 version 0.7.0-alpha.2 as it contains more security checks.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/LFDT-Lockness/cggmp21/security…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://www.dfns.co/article/cggmp21-vulnerabiliti…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
LFDT-Lockness	cggmp21	Affected: < 0.6.3

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-66225 (GCVE-0-2025-66225)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-29 03:05 – Updated: 2025-12-01 15:10

Title

OrangeHRM is Vulnerable to Account Takeover Through Unvalidated Username in Password Reset Workflow

Summary

OrangeHRM is a comprehensive human resource management (HRM) system. From version 5.0 to 5.7, the password reset workflow does not enforce that the username submitted in the final reset request matches the account for which the reset process was originally initiated. After obtaining a valid reset link for any account they can receive email for, an attacker can alter the username parameter in the final reset request to target a different user. Because the system accepts the supplied username without verification, the attacker can set a new password for any chosen account, including privileged accounts, resulting in full account takeover. This issue has been patched in version 5.8.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/orangehrm/orangehrm/security/a…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
orangehrm	orangehrm	Affected: >= 5.0, < 5.8

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CVE-2025-66255 (GCVE-0-2025-66255)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-26 00:39 – Updated: 2025-12-03 16:00

Title

Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php)

Summary

Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php) in DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Mozart FM Transmitter versions 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, 6000, 7000 allows an attacker to perform Missing signature validation allows uploading malicious firmware packages. The firmware upgrade endpoint in `upgrade_contents.php` accepts arbitrary file uploads without validating file headers, cryptographic signatures, or enforcing .tgz format requirements, allowing malicious firmware injection. This endpoint also subsequently provides ways for arbitrary file uploads and subsequent remote code execution

Severity

9.9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-345 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload (upgrade_contents.php)

Assigner

Gridware

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.abdulmhsblog.com/posts/webfmvulns/	exploittechnical-description

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A.	Mozart FM Transmitter	Affected: 30 Affected: 50 Affected: 100 Affected: 300 Affected: 500 Affected: 1000 Affected: 2000 Affected: 3000 Affected: 3500 Affected: 6000 Affected: 7000

Credits

Abdul Mhanni

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning

An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.

CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning

A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.

CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing

An adversary modifies content to make it contain something other than what the original content producer intended while keeping the apparent source of the content unchanged. The term content spoofing is most often used to describe modification of web pages hosted by a target to display the adversary's content instead of the owner's content. However, any content can be spoofed, including the content of email messages, file transfers, or the content of other network communication protocols. Content can be modified at the source (e.g. modifying the source file for a web page) or in transit (e.g. intercepting and modifying a message between the sender and recipient). Usually, the adversary will attempt to hide the fact that the content has been modified, but in some cases, such as with web site defacement, this is not necessary. Content Spoofing can lead to malware exposure, financial fraud (if the content governs financial transactions), privacy violations, and other unwanted outcomes.

CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages

An attacker spoofs a UDDI, ebXML, or similar message in order to impersonate a service provider in an e-business transaction. UDDI, ebXML, and similar standards are used to identify businesses in e-business transactions. Among other things, they identify a particular participant, WSDL information for SOAP transactions, and supported communication protocols, including security protocols. By spoofing one of these messages an attacker could impersonate a legitimate business in a transaction or could manipulate the protocols used between a client and business. This could result in disclosure of sensitive information, loss of message integrity, or even financial fraud.

CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.

CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation

An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.

CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.

CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content

An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.

CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.

CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)

An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.

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